Wael Mtawj ^{(1 )}*, Mazen Rajab⁽¹⁾and Hassan Khojah⁽²⁾

(1). Researcher, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Biotechnology Dept, Lattakia, Syria

(2). Professor, Horticulture Dept., Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen, University, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Wael Mtawj. E-Mail.:mtwjmrym@gmail.com)

Received: 14/06/2022               Accepted: 25/10/2022

Abstract: 

This study was conducted at Lattakia Research Center, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research GCSAR, during 2017/2016. The random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) based on Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) with fifteen primers were applied, used to estimate genetics variation to six clones chemical mutagen by EMS (Ethel methan sulphonat) and salt tolerant M5 of potato Marfona cv. umutant. The results showed that the treatment 40mM/2-3hr were the bes and tthe clones 403P14, 403P2, 402P31 were the most tolerant for salinity. Phases of work included the isolation and purification of DNA plant parts and DNA polymorphisms were scored within amplified fragements by electrophoresis. The results of RAPD analysis were clear differences in the number of DNA amplified fragments and molecular weights depending on the primers user of the 15 random primers tested, 3 primers generate polymorphic RAPD patterns. These primers produced 27 bands  across all 6 potato clones corresponding to average of 9.0 bands per primer. Only 6 bands of them were monomorphic, A total number of polymorphic amplified 21 fragments for all primers used. whereas the others were polymorphic reaching 77.03 % of the total bands produced. The maximum number of bands was 13 with opj01 primer tested, while the lowest number of bands (6) observed with the primer OPC04. The results were showed than potato clones (403p2, 403p14,404p13) variation on Marfona cv. umutant by number of polymorphic amplified (5,10,12) fragments, while the lowest number of Polymorphic (1,1,2) bands of the clones (402p31,403p42,404p46) for all primers used.

Keywords: Potato , Marfona , RAPD.

Full paper in Arabic:  pdf

Othman Khalid Alwan^*(1) and Shahad Mohammed Turki ⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Horticulture and Landscape Design. College of Agriculture. Diyala University. Iraq.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Othman Khalid Alwan. E-Mail: athman56@yahoo.com)

Received:3/09/2023            Accepted:15/10/2023

Abstract: 

 Afactorial experiment was carried out in the fall of 2022 at the research station of the Department of Horticulture and Landscape – College of Agriculture – University of Diyala to study the effect of spraying plants with foliar nutrients boron, zinc and sorbitol and their interactions at concentrations of 100 ml.L^-1 for each of boron and zinc and 5 g.L^-1 sorbitol on three A hybrid of cauliflower. It was designed with a split plot system within (RCBD).  The main plots represented the spraying agent and the secondary plots represented the cauliflower hybrids. The results showed that the combined spray treatment (sorbitol, zinc, boron) was superior in vegetative Characteristics, including the percentage of nitrogen and phosphorus and the concentration of boron in the leaves, which reached 2.60%, 0.36%, and 64.21 ppm, respectively, as well as plant height, stem diameter, and number of leaves, which reached 68.87. cm, 3.38 cm, 20.987 leaf^-1, compared to the comparison treatment that gave the lowest values. The V3 Barkha hybrid also excelled in the characteristics of the percentage of nitrogen and phosphorus and the concentration of boron in the leaves, which recorded 2.26%, 0.29%, 52.07 ppm, as well as plant height and Stem diameter and a number of leaves reached 69.58 cm, 2.89 cm, and 20.833 leaf-1, respectively, compared to the peral V3 hybrid, which gave the lowest values. The results also showed a significant superiority of the double interaction between the combined spray treatment (sorbitol, zinc, boron) and the Barkha V3 hybrid in all chemical and vegetative growth characteristics, compared to the double interaction between the V3 peral hybrid and the comparison spray treatment, which gave the lowest values for all the studied traits.

Keywords: cauliflower, foliar nutrients, boron, zinc, sorbitol.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Rachid Al-seid Omar* ⁽¹⁾  Ghada Kattmah⁽¹⁾  Reem Abdel Hameed ⁽¹⁾  Mohammad Habou⁽²⁾ Firas Al Gammaz ⁽³⁾  Fersa Azam⁽⁴⁾ Hazem Al-Zailaa ⁽⁵⁾  Jan Abdoush ⁽⁶⁾  Abdallah Farhoud ⁽⁷⁾  Ali Al- Dahouri⁽⁶⁾  Nour Alkaim ⁽⁸⁾

(1). Administration of Horticulture Research, GCSAR, Damascus, Syria.

(2). Directorate of olive office, Hamah, Syria.

(3). Administration of Natural Recourses Research, GCSAR, Damascus, Syria.

(4). Administration of Plant Protection Research, GCSAR, Damascus, Syria.

(5). Directorate of Plant Protection, Ministry of Agriculture and Agrarian Reform, Damascus, Syria.

(6). Directorate of Plant Production, Ministry of Agriculture and Agrarian Reform, Damascus, Syria.

(7). Land and Water Directorate, Ministry of Agriculture and Agrarian Reform, Damascus, Syria.

(8). Directorate of Mitigation the Effect of Drought and Natural Disasters on Plant Production, Ministry of Agriculture and Agrarian Reform, Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Rachid Al-seid Omar. E-Mail: dr.rachid_omar@hotmail.com).

Received:3/07/2022            Accepted:13/11/2022

Abstract: 

This research was conducted during the period (2017 – 2021), in accordance with decision No. 488/16/16/2017 issued by the Minister of Agriculture and Agrarian Reform, which includes the formation of a committee, whose task is to prepare a map of the region of the spread of diseases and insects that affect olive trees, maps of environmental factors and areas suitable for olive spread, and the map of convenient olive varieties in Syria, based on GIS programs. According to the steps of preparing the maps and representing the required data, data related to the dominant variety and the most important pests spread by altitude were collected and verified during the field tours of the work team in Aleppo Governorate, and detection of the accuracy of the results with the concerned departments in the Directorate of Agriculture, and accordingly, the required maps were completed in the two governorates. The implemented GIS maps showed clarity in the extrapolation and analysis of some information about the governorates of Aleppo and Idleb, such as the altitude above sea level, minimum and maximum temperatures, which showed the topographic and climatic diversity of the two governorates, and the environmental resilience of the prevalent varieties of olive that dominates most of the cultivated areas there. The spread of pests that affect the olive tree was associated with the variety and its sensitivity sometimes, such as infestation by the stalk borer, and with climatic conditions at other times, such as the spread of the peacock’s eye disease in wet areas and near-surface water, and the maps showed also that the dominant varieties in Aleppo governorate are Zayti, Sourani and Qaisi, while the Sourani variety spread in most areas of Idleb governorate.

Keywords: olive, GIS maps, probability pests, dominant variety.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Hussam Baroudi *⁽¹⁾ Georgous Makhoul ⁽¹⁾ Wafaa Choumane ⁽²⁾ Khaldoun Tiba ⁽³⁾

(1). Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria

(2). Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria. Biotechnology Center, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(3). General Commission for Scientific Agriculture Research, Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Eng. Hussam Baroudi. Email: hussambaroudi@gmail.com).

Received: 2/10/2022                 Accepted: 15/11/2022

Abstract: 

This research was conducted in 2019 and 2020, on 49 cultivated types of al-shami mulberry from Al-Qunitera, Hadar ‎‎(37 types), Tartous ‎‎(9), and Lattakia (3). Twenty-five morphological characters based on leaves, catkins and fruits were used to study the morphological characterization, genetic ‎diversity between the ‎different types‎, and set essential taxonomic keys for them. Based on the interest of General Commission for Scientific Agriculture Research in alshami mulberry tree, which spread widely in Al-Qunitera, in addition to the absence of morphological studies for it. Morphological taxonomic keys for Alshami mulberry were established. Data had been organized ‎into tables to calculate the degree of dissimilarity ‎and to establish a dendrogram representing the genetic distance between Alshami genotypes. A High level of dissimilarity was revealed between all studied types within and between the different geographic sites. The morphological cluster tree for all types showed two main groups with a genetic contrast ratio of 52%. These results showed that the polymorphism detected between the different types revealed a difference at the genetic level, in addition to the effect of ‎environmental factors on the most studied characters, which makes these ‎characters suitable for the detection of genetic diversity between Al-shami mulberry ‎types and for the establishment of a mulberry database to use it later in the genetic ‎improvement of mulberry trees.

‎Keywords: Shami mulberry, Morus nigra L., Genetic diversity, Morphological characterization.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Mostafa Zangl ⁽¹⁾, Adel Mehio ⁽²⁾, Fouad Nehmeh ⁽¹⁾ and Mahmoud Abdel Karim ^(1*)

 (1). Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Aleppo, Syria University

 (2). Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Technical Engineering, University of Aleppo, Syria

 (*Corresponding author: Dr. Mahmoud Abdel-Karim, e-mail: Madrid198182@yahoo.com)

Received: 6/12/2022           Accepted: 3/10/2022

Abstract: 

The research was conducted in the laboratories of the Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Aleppo University, during March – April of 2022. The aim of the research was to study the effect of adding different percentages of gelatin on the properties of fermented milk. The results obtained showed an increase in the percentage of dry matter in samples to which gelatin was added compared to the besides, it was found that the addition of gelatin resulted in a high percentage of protein in the final product, as the percentage of protein in the sample to which gelatin was added reached 4.5% compared to the control in which the percentage of protein was 3.4%, and the obtained results showed a significant decrease in the acidity percentage of samples to which gelatin was added. Compared with the control, it was found that the addition of gelatin led to higher viscosity values ​​and that the higher the percentage of added gelatin, the higher the viscosity value significantly, and it was found that the addition of gelatin improved the sensory properties of the final product, especially the texture characteristic.

Keywords: Cow’s Milk, Gelatin, Fermented Milk.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Rasool H. Khalati^{(1) (2)*}and  Khalid C. K. Al-Salhie⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Animal Production, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, Basrah city, Iraq.

(2). Department of Animal Production, College of Agriculture, University of Wasit, Wasit city,

^(*Corresponding author: Dr. Rasool Khalati, E-Mail: gl804@uowasit.edu.iq: KCKA: khalid.chillab@uobasrah.edu.iq ).

Received:9/01/2022            Accepted: 17/05/2023

Abstract: 

This experiment aimed to investigate the effects of different nano-propolis concentrations on productive performance, serum antioxidant and thyroid hormones of broiler chickens. A total of 144 one-day-old, unsexed broiler chickens with an average body weight of 40 g were used in this study. The birds were divided into 4 treatments, each with 36 birds, and each group include three replicates (12 birds per replicate). The first treatment consumed reverse osmosis (R.O) drinking water without additions (control), whereas the second, third, and fourth treatments consumed reverse osmosis (R.O) drinking water containing 50, 100, and 150 µl of nano-propolis per liter, respectively. Overall body weight, weight gain and feed conversion ratio were significantly (p ≤0.05) increase when nano-propolis add to drinking water of second, third, and fourth groups. Nano-propolis supplementation significantly (p ≤0.05) increased thyroid hormones concentration, including thyroxin (T4), tri-iodothyronin (T3), enzyme activity, including glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). On the other hand, nano-propolis supplementation significantly (p ≤0.05) decreased malondialdehyde concentration (MDA). The results indicated no significant (p > 0.05) difference in the cumulative feed intake, cumulative water intake and catalase enzyme among all groups. It be concluded, the addition of 50,100 and 150 μl of nano-propolis per liter of drinking water were improved productive performance, some serum antioxidant parameters that include GPx, SOD, MDA and thyroid hormones such as T4 and T3. Nano-propolis in current study without effect on the cumulative feed intake, cumulative water intake and catalase enzyme of broiler chickens.

Keywords: Broiler Chickens, Nano-Propolis, Productive Performance, Serum Antioxidant.

Full paper in English: pdf

Mouzahem ALDahoul^(1)* and Bahaa ALRahban⁽²⁾

(1). Researcher in the GCSAR, The Agricultural Scientific Research Center in Salamieh, Hama, Syria.
(2). Researcher in the GCSAR, The Administration of Plant Protection Researches, Damascus, Syria.
(*Corresponding author: Mouzahem Mohammad ALDahoul, E-mail: mailto:m.dahool1975@gmail.com)

Received:29/07/2022          Accepted: 15/10/2022

Abstract: 

An experiment was carried out by designing randomized complete block with three replications, at the Scientific Agricultural Research Center in Salamieh (Syria) during 2018-2019. We are studied the effect of several rates of the Aclonifen herbicide in controlling the white mustard weed (Sinapis alba L.), and on the formation of bacterial nodes on the roots of lentil crop plants, and its productivity. The results showed that the three herbicide rates (600, 900, 1200 g a.i./ha) of Aclonifen herbicide had controlled white mustard (Sinapis alba L.) and increased the number of bacterial nodes on lentil roots compared to weedy control, with a preference for the highest rate (1200 g a.i./ha) with the highest efficiency (69.2%) according to the dry weight of the weeds, and with the highest number of bacterial nodes (13.3 node/plant). The weed free treatment gave the best weed control and the highest number of bacterial nodes (13.8 node/plant), and the highest biological yield (hay and seeds) of lentil with significant differences compared to other treatments, and increased the productivity of hay and seeds by 8 times compared to the weedy control, followed by the rate (1200 g a.i./ha) of Aclonifen used, with 4 times more for hay and 6 times more for seeds.

Key words: Aclonifen herbicide, white mustard, lentil, bacterial nodes.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Rami Bou Hamdan^{* (1)} Wajeh Kassis ⁽²⁾ and Mazen Bufaur ⁽¹⁾ 

(1). As-Suwayda Research Center, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria.
(2). Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Damascus University, Syria.
(*Corresponding author: Rami Bou Hamdan. E-Mail: ramy.alswaida@gmail.com ).

Received:14/06/2022       Accepted: 2/10/2022

Abstract: 

The study was conducted in 2019 at As-Suwayda Research Center in As-Suwayda governorate /Syria, to study the susceptibility of the codling moth Cydia pomonella to the Chlorpyrifos pesticide. The results shows that the Third-instar larvae of Cydia pomonella has developed a vigor tolerance to chlorpyrifos, and reached a resistance rate (RR) was (3.53, 3.55, 3.55) after (24, 48, 72) hours, respectively. The diapaused larvae of the codling moth (males and females) developed ultra vigor tolerance to chlorpyrifos, the resistance rate was (8.75, 9.52, 9.16) for male larvae and (8.86, 9.35, 8.95) for females after (24, 48, 72) hours, respectively, while ultra vigor tolerance was observed in the non-diapausing fifth-instar larvae, the resistance rate was (6.64, 7.7, 7.8) for males and (6.9, 8.16, 7.92) for females after (24, 48, 72) hours, respectively. We noted that the resistance rate of female larvae was higher than males, and the resistance rate of males and females of diapaused larvae was higher than third and non-diapausing fifth-instar larvae. Based on the results, we noted that the different larval instars showed tolerance to chlorpyrifos pesticide, while it didn´t reach to resistance, this calls for the pesticide shouldn´t be used extensively on pome trees, so that tolerance didn´t develop into resistance in the long term. In addition, the pesticide had to be used as part of a rotation cycle with other modern pesticides.

Key words: Cydia pomonella, larval instars, insecticide resistance, vigor tolerance, chlorpyrifos, Syria

Full paper in Arabic:  pdf

Alisar shaabow^(1)*, Nisreen Dib⁽¹⁾, Amal Haj Hasan⁽¹⁾, Ammar Askaria⁽¹⁾, and Rami Adra⁽¹⁾

 (1). General Commission Agriculture scientific Research, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Alisar Shaabow. E-Mail: alisar.nadeem@yahoo.com)

Received: 18/08/2022         Accepted: 7/09/2022

Abstract: 

The research was carried out at the agricultural scientific Center in Lattakia, within a 400 m² greenhouse planted with cucumbers during 2022 spring, the research included four treatments: (Control, spraying with chemical pesticides: Rival, Pantix, and biopesticide: Trichoderma Harizianum), in order to study the effect of these treatments in reducing the incidence of Powny Mildow disease on cucumber, and its reflection on the production quantity. The results showed that all the tested pesticides were effective in reducing the severity of the disease compared to the control, and   the biopesticide T. Harizianum was the most efficient in reducing the severity of infiction by 70.50% compared to chemical pesticides, and it was 62.24, and 61.66% for Rival and Pantex, respectively, after a week of spraying, the results also showed the persistence of chemical pesticides for a longer period than biopesticide in reducing the severity of infection, and T. Harizianum treatment significantly outperformed the rest of the treatments, in terms of the average total number of fruits per plant, that it was 15.76fruits/plant, and the total production was 3232.32 kg/dunum.

Key words: Cucumber, Greenhouse, Powny Mildow, Chemical Pesticides, Biological control, Productivity. 

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Mohamead Abd ElAziz⁽¹⁾ and Norma Alshemali*⁽²⁾

(1) Crops Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University ,Latakia, Syria. 

(2) Syria Trading, Aleppo, Syria.

(*Corresponding author. Dr. Norma Alshemali.  E-Mail: nalshemali5@gmail.com)

Received: 7/ 07 /2022                         Accepted: 25/ 10/2022

Abstract: 

The research was carried out during the agricultural season 2021-2022 at Muhardah , Hamah Governorate, to study the effect of Potassium soil fertilization using three rates (60-80-100) kg/h on some growth characteristics and yield components of the durum wheat (Buhuth11) and determination of the ideal rates of it under the conditions of the Al-Ghab area. The experiment was designed by randomized complete block design RCBD with three replications, Results showed the excellence of the fertilization rate (100) kg/h of Potassium fertilizer in the number of total and fertile tillers, number of spikes in the spike, number of Grains per spike and the highest average of spike length traits, while the rate of 80  kg/h gave the highest average of plant height, last internode length, number of internodes and leaves traits, and rate (60) kg/h gave the highest average for the 100-grain weight and the grain weight/spike traits.

Keywords: Wheat, Potassium fertilization, growth properties, Yield components.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf