Maisoon Ali ⁽¹⁾, Raouda Al Haj Khaled ⁽¹⁾ and Rita Mansour ⁽²⁾

(1). Department of Renewable Natural Resources and Environment, Faculty of Agriculture, Damascus University, Syria

(2). Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture,  Damascus University,  Qasyoun University for Science & Technology, Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Maisoon Ali. E-Mail maisoon1991@gmail.com).

Received:1/04/2023                   Accepted: 10/04/2023

Abstract: 

The research was carried out at the Abu Jarash farm in the College of Agriculture – Damascus University – Syria, in 2017, with the aim of studying the effect of loading Trifolium repens L. on the productivity of grass-fed mixtures in landscaping cultivation, in the spring and autumn seasons. The study was conducted on two types of plant mixtures, the first: the grass mixture consisting of Festuca arundinacea L., Poa pratensis L., and Lolium perenne L., and the second: the proposed mixture, which is the first mixture loaded with white clover. The experimental plots were subjected to two levels of nitrogen fertilization: the first was the level of fertilization normally used on cultivated green areas /N/, and the second was the first fertilization level in which the added nitrogen was reduced to 50%. Thus, we have 4 treatments and each treatment has 3 replicates; Grass mixture with /N/ fertilizer, proposed mixture with /N/ fertilizer, grass mixture with /N-50%/ fertilizer, proposed mixture with /N-50 %/ fertilizer. The results we obtained showed that the proposed mixture /N / was superior to the rest of the mixtures by green and dry weight in the spring and autumn seasons in terms of yield and weight.

Key words: white clover, Green weight, Dry weight, Landscapes.

Full paper in English: pdf

Dalal AL Ebrahim^(1)*, Hassan Aldin⁽¹⁾   and Muhmad  Manhal Alzobi ⁽²⁾   and Suzan Mohammad Abdullah⁽¹⁾

(1). Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(2). GCSAR, Damascus, Syria

(*Corresponding author: Dalal AL-ebrahim, E-Mail dalalabrahim22@gmail.com ).

Received: 20/03/2023         Accepted:30/04/2023

Abstract: 

The research was conducted in (2018-2019), in Hama: Al-Ghab and Lattakia: Kassab. Experiment was applied on (1296) seeds of L.nobilis, according to (7) treatments, namely: (T1) the control, (T2) the cold-moist stratification (25 days), (T3) the cold-moist stratification (50) days, (T4) treated with gibberellic acid (1000) ppm, (T5) treated with gibberellic acid (3000) ppm, (6T) treated by mechanical scratching, (7T) treated with seed coat removed. The results showed that the treatment (T7) gave the highest percentage of germination (81.48-88.88)% in the two stations (Al-Ghab – Kassab), while the control treatment (T1) achieved the lowest germination rate (14.81-18.51)%. When studying germination indicators, treatment (T3) seeds of Kassab in Station (Al-Ghab) excelled in germination speed (21.29) seed/day and excelled in degree of homogeneity (2.62). seed/day over the rest of the treatments.

Keywords: Laurus nobilis L., Cold-moist stratification, Germination, Gibberellic acid (GA₃), Scarification mechanical.

Full paper in Arabic:  pdf

Hassan Ali^*(1) Tharwat Ibrahim ⁽²⁾ , and Mahmoud asmar ⁽³⁾

(1). General commission for the administration and development of Al-Ghab, Al Ghab, Syria.

(2). Department of Renewable Natural Resources and Environment, Faculty of Agriculture, Damascus University.

(3). Forest Department in Dreikish, Tartous, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr.Hassan Ali, E-mail: hso414516@gmail.com)

Received: 9/11/2023           Accepted: 28/04/2023

Abstract: 

Estimating forest wood stocks is necessary and important for developing sustainable management plans for these forests. Form factor is one of the important factors to determine the exact volume of trees. This research was carried out in 2023 with the aim of calculating the true form factor and the natural and artificial form factors of Pinus brutia, then comparing them statistically at the 95% level of significance to determine the appropriate alternative to the true form factor, 10 trees of the Pinus brutia were randomly selected so that they were representative of all diameter classes present in the study area. Before cutting these trees, the diameter and height of each tree were measured, then these trees were cut, and the diameter of these trees was measured at a height of 0.1 and 0.5 of their total height. To calculate the actual volume, each tree was cut into small pieces 2-meter and then the diameter of the beginning and end of each piece was measured. Then the real form factor and the artificial (Non-Natural) and natural form factors were calculated using the appropriate equations. The results showed that the average real form factor, artificial form factor, and natural form factor were 0.54, 0.55, and 0.52, respectively. The results also indicated that there were no significant and statistical differences between the form factors studied, and therefore the natural and artificial form factors can be considered realistic alternatives to the real form factor.

Keywords: Real form factor, Non-Natural (Artificial) form factor, Natural form factor, Pinus brutia.

Full paper in Arabic:  pdf

Majd Darwish*⁽¹⁾ , Nizar Moualla⁽¹⁾, and Hasan Ebd Al-Gani Hasan ⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Majd Darwish. E-Mail: majds26@yahoo.com).

Received: 10/01/2023         Accepted: 10/04/2023

Abstract: 

An experiment was carried out in the Qardaha region lands-Lattakia governorate, which is located 450 m above sea level during the 2022 agricultural season by cultivation of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) seedlings in experimental plots using randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The research included the use of different concentrations of humic acid HA (0, 1, 2, and 3 g/L) and hydrogen peroxide (0, 9, 18, and 27 mmol) in order to study the effect of foliar spray treatments with humic acid, or hydrogen peroxide (HP), or spraying with humic acid and hydrogen peroxide together on some productivity and quality characters of local variety tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.). Plant height (cm), total leaf area (cm²), leaf area index (LAI)), productivity (fresh and dry leaves yield (kg/1000 m²), the total content of chlorophyll (µg/g FW), soluble sugars and nicotine % were measured. The results of the experiment showed that spraying treatments with humic acid (1 and 2 g/L), and with hydrogen peroxide (9 and 18 mM) led to a significant increase in probability (P<0.05) in most growth indicators, leaf yield, and quality, as the soluble sugars (%), increased and the nicotine (%) decreased in dry leaves. The spraying treatments of humic acid and peroxide together increased the values of growth, productivity, and quality parameters, when spraying with humic acid (1, 2, and 3 g/L) with hydrogen peroxide (9 and 18 mM). Thus, it can be concluded that spraying tobacco with humic acid at 1-3 g/L alone, or together with hydrogen peroxide at concentrations of 9-18 mM, or spraying with hydrogen peroxide at concentrations of 9-18 mM alone due to the increase in the dry leaf yield by about 20-57 % as compared to the control.

Keywords: Nicotiana tabacum L.; humic acid; hydrogen peroxide; Productivity.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Muhammad Nael Khattab⁽¹⁾, Nizar Harba ⁽¹⁾ and Orwa Nahil Suleiman ^(1)*

(1). Crop Department, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author : Orwa Suleiman, E-mail :  aboalabd876@gmail.com)

Received: 3/01/2023           Accepted: 10/04/2023

Abstract: 

During the seasonal season 2020-2021, five genotypes of sunflower were planted in Al-Ghab area, namely (Strain 90 (A), Strain 19 (B), Strain 9 (C), Strain 54 (D), Baladi cultivar (E), according to a cross-breeding program. Completely reciprocal and in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications, with the aim of verifying the genetic energy of those studied genotypes (parents, single and reverse crosses), the degree of their genetic divergence, and determining the correlations for use in subsequent breeding programs to obtain high hybrid strength and improve sunflower yield in quantity and quality. The results indicated that the studied genotypes (parents, single crosses, and reverse crosses) differed significantly in all studied traits, and the disc space trait was characterized by its association with many traits in a positive and highly significant way, which indicates the possibility of improving these traits together at the same time, for parents and individual crosses. And the inverse of the characteristics of the amount of oil, the percentage of fertilization and the number of seeds per disc due to its positive and highly significant association with them. We also note the negative correlation found in the parents between the two traits of seed weight in the plant with the percentage of oil (r = -0.410) and single crosses (r = -0.092), and it became positive in reverse crosses (r = 0.462). The correlation was non-significant positive between seed weight and the amount of oil (r = 0.107) in the parents and significant positive between these two traits (r = 0.66^*) in single and inverse crosses (r = 0.894^**), also breaking the negative correlation found in the parents for the 100 weight trait. Seed with leaf area became positive for single and reverse crosses (r=0.302, r=0.221). The studied models (parents, single and reverse crosses) also differed in their genetic dimension, through their placement in different clusters and groups, and thus the possibility of using genes belonging to different groups (parents) for crossbreeding in order to obtain the highest values of hybrid strength, as well as cross-crossing in order to obtain paired crosses. .

Keywords: sunflower, correlation coefficient, genetic divergence, crossbreeds.

Full paper in Arabic:  pdf

Safaa Ali^(1)*

(1). Basic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tishreen, Syria

(*Corresponding author: Safaa Ali, E-mail :  sa8691317@gmail.com)

Received: 8/03/2023           Accepted: 10/04/2023

Abstract: 

The research was carried out in Damsarkho district of Lattakia Governorate during the two agricultural seasons 2021 and 2022, according to the randomized complete block design (RCBD) and with three replications, for five genotypes of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (Sham4, Sham6, Sham8, Sham10, Research6), which we obtained from the Seed Multiplication Corporation and some agricultural pharmacies in Lattakia (these types are characterized by their suitability to the local environmental conditions, their resistance to agricultural pests and the variation in their quantitative and qualitative productivity), to study some genetic indicators of the most important morphological and productive traits (number of total shoots, plant height, spike length, head length, number of Fertile spikelets, the number of total spikelets, the number of grains in a spike, the weight of grains in a spike, the weight of 1000 grains, and the grain yield per plant). With the aim of selecting the best ones and benefiting from them in the programs of breeding this crop and improving it to develop models of soft wheat for the desired characteristics and adapted to the local environment. The studied genotypes of soft wheat differed significantly in all studied traits, and the results showed the presence of genetic variations and differences in the degrees of heritability and genetic progression, in addition to differences in the values of the genetic, phenotypic and environmental correlation coefficients for all studied traits in soft wheat. The studies also demonstrated the possibility of establishing different selective indices for the important traits studied through the positive genetic correlations between the studied traits. The current study indicated that the priority given to traits such as the number of grains per spike, weight of 1000 grains, length of the spike, the number of total spikelets per spike, and plant height during the selection process to improve the crop due to its high heritability rates associated with good genetic progress.

Keywords: wheat, degree of heritability, genetic progression, correlation coefficient.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Reem Subhi* ⁽¹⁾ and Hussein Ali ⁽²⁾

(1). Field Crops dept., College of Agriculture, Tikrit University,Tikrit,Iraq.

 (*Corresponding author : Reem Subhi , E-mail :  Lendarosa271@gmail.com)

Received: 11/04/2023         Accepted: 14/05/2023

Abstract: 

A field experiment was carried out at  research station of  Field Crops Department at College of Agriculture at Tikrit University, which is about 12 km from the center of Tikrit city, during two winter agricultural seasons 2021-2022 AD and 2022-2023 AD.   The experiment included two factors:  first was ten varieties of six-row barley, which were Warka Aswad, Shu`a, Al Khair, Hadar Aswad, Amal, Buraq, Samir, Rayhana, Arifat, and Ibaa 99, and  second was three spray concentrations of zinc, namely (0, 60, and 120) mg.  L. The experiment was applied according to a Randomized Complete Block Design (R.C.B.D.), with three replications and in a split-plot arrangement and  following results were reached:  Erivat variety excelled in recording  highest arithmetic  means  for protein percentage (12.55%), while  Hadhrat Aswad variety recorded  highest arithmetic  means  for  fiber percentage trait (11.493).  )% and  percentage of zinc (20.000)%, and the third concentration exceeded 120 mg.L in giving  highest means for  percentage of fiber (11.660)%, the percentage of protein (12.466)% and  percentage of zinc (14.350)%, whereas  second season gave  highest averages for  percentage of fiber (10.467)  % and  percentage of protein (11.922)% and the percentage of zinc (13.145)%.

Keywords: varieties,zinc,protein,fiber.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Razzan alnajjar * ⁽¹⁾ _, Sameer Al-Ahmad ⁽²⁾, Muhammad Ali Ali ^{(1) ,} Samar Al-Ali ⁽³⁾ and Wael Male⁽⁴⁾

(1). General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR) ,Crops Research Administration, Damascus, Syria.

(2). Agricultural Research Centre,Tartous , Syria.

(3). Agricultural Research Centre, Homs, Syria.

(4). Agricultural Research Centre, Hama, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Razzan alnajjar, E-Mail razanhamoda 2009 @ gmail.com).

Received: 25/12/2022                Accepted: 10/4/2023

Abstract: 

TEN Families of Maize from European origin were been evaluated in five environmental sites belonging to the General Authority for Scientific Agricultural Research (Qarhata, Tartous, Homs, Hama, and Lattakia) during 2014 season. to study The genetic-environmental interaction and yield stability analysis Using several statistical methods which are: Eberhart and Russell method it measures The sensitive of genotypes and their affected to genetic-environmental interactions, Perkins and Jinks method which is a modified method from the first method, Wricke & Weber which depending on Shukla coefficient, Pinthus method which depends on Determination coefficient (R²) , and Francis method which depends coefficients of variation (cv%). The experiment was carried out according in randomized complete block design, with three replicates. The results showed According to the least significant difference at the 5% level That Homs and Qarhata was significant, and the families (Sh5،Sh7) More fastness and stable compared to other families, while the families (Sh1، Sh2) were sensitive to environmental changes, and the families (Sh8، Sh9،Sh10) were vulnerability to environmental changes and low adaptation to stressful environments.

Key words: Zea mays, Genotype × Environment Interactions, Yield Stability.

Full paper in Arabic:  pdf

Ali Al- Aloush *⁽¹⁾

(1). Directorate of Agriculture Deirzour, Al- Furat university, Deirzour, Syria

(* Corresponding author: Ali Adnan Aloush, E-Mail: ali83aloush8383@gmail.com, Phone: +963955275483)

Accepted: 13/02/2023                        Received: 3/05/2023

Abstract: 

The experiment is done in a private poultry farm located in Al-Jalaa Which Is 30 KM East of Dier Ezor. The experiment lasted 49 days. This poultry farm satisfies all healthy breeding conditions. During the experiment the following immunity parameters have been studied (immune standard for Newcastle disease, immune standard for Gamboro disease, immune standard for Bronchitis disease, white cells count, mortality rate). This experiment is executed during period from 1/9/2020 until 19/10/2020. In this experiment, it has been used (240) broiler chick Hybrid birds in the age of one day which is done for producing the meat chicken and these birds is divided randomly into 4 groups each group contains 60 birds, all of the birds have the same enviromental conditions.The results have shown that giving garlic powder in 3 kg per 100 kg feeding mixture has made an increasing in the (immune standard for Newcastle disease, the immune standard for Gamboro disease, immune standard for Bronchitis disease, white cells count, mortality rate)

Keywords: Garlic, Immunity parameters, Broiler.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Mosa Marhij ⁽¹⁾* Ibrahim Hamdan Saker ⁽¹⁾ and Fouad Ali Slman ⁽²⁾

(1). Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture Engineering, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(2).Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture Engineering, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Mosa Marhij. E-Mail: mosa.marhij@gmail.com ).

Accepted:1/04/2023                    Received:18/05/2023

Abstract: 

The research aimed at the descriptive and quantitative economic analysis of the functions of strawberry production costs under the conditions of protected and open cultivation in Lattakia Governorate, and to determine the volumes achieved for economic efficiency and profit maximization, and the optimal capacity during the agricultural season 2020-2021. Data was collected through a questionnaire form addressed to a random sample. A strawberry grower in Lattakia governorate. Using descriptive analysis, it was found that the production costs of the strawberry crop under the protected cultivation system in Lattakia governorate amounted to about 2,745,831 SP, of which the variable costs accounted for 71.64%, while the production costs of the strawberry crop under open cultivation conditions amounted to about 3,786,819 SP. Of which variable costs accounted for 77.82% of total production costs. And by using the economic models of the cost function, it was estimated and determined the size achieved for economic efficiency, which amounted to about 5188 kg/house and 7536 kg / dunum, and the maximum size of the profit, which amounted to about 5600 kg/house and 6100 kg / dunum, and the optimal capacity of the strawberry crop, which amounted to about 1.35 and 3.617 dunums under conditions protected and open farming in Lattakia governorate, respectively.

Keywords: strawberry, Lattakia, cost functions, descriptive economic analysis, econometric analysis, protected cultivation, open cultivation, economic efficiency.

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