Mohammad Mardiny^{(1) (2)*}, Mohammad Abdullah⁽²⁾, Kenen Kamal deen⁽³⁾

(1). Technology Transfer Department, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Damascus, Syria.

(2). Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, Damascus University.

(3). Administration of Socio-economics Research, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Mohammad Mardiny, E-Mail: Mardiny1981@gmail.com)

Received: 29/10/2023         Accepted:27/11/2023

Abstract: 

The research aimed to study the indicators of adoption and factors affecting the adoption level of chemical fertilization and soil analysis technique by farmers in AL-Safira District in Aleppo, Based on a sample of 366 farmers during the seasons 2019/2020, 2020/2021, The results showed a low rate of adoption of soil analysis technology (reaching 37.2%), It turns out that all farmers adopt the date of phosphate fertilization, and 36.3% of farmers applied the recommended quantities of Phosphate fertilizer, While a large percentage (63.7%) add quantities higher than recommended. It also found that 45% of farmers adopt the date of nitrogen fertilization, about half of the farmers applied the recommended quantities of nitrogen fertilizer, 9.6% added quantities lower than recommended, and 41.5% added quantities higher than recommended. A significant negative relationship was shown between the adoption of soil analysis and farmer’s age, while there is a positive significant relationship between the adoption of soil analysis and each of: Educational level, Number of family members working in agriculture, Farmer’s attitude toward new ideas and his opinion of agricultural extension, Participation in extension activities, The presence of an extension unit in the village and Crop area. There is also a negative significant relationship between the rate of chemical fertilization and each of the independent factors: Farmer’s age, Number of agricultural plots, the lack of production requirements, and participation of family members in agricultural decisions, while there is a positive significant relationship between the adoption of chemical fertilization rate and each of: Farmer’s participation in extension activities, Use of Mass communication media, The presence of an extension unit in the village and farm ownership.

Keywords: Adoption indicators, Factors affecting adoption, Soil analysis, Chemical fertilizer, Wheat, Syria.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Rola Ebrahem^(1)* , Ketam Edres ⁽¹⁾ and Nesren Edres⁽¹⁾

(1). Economic and Social Studies Department, Agriculture Research Center Homs, General Commission For Scientific and Agriculture Research (GCSAR), Syria.

(*Corresponding Author: Dr. Rola Ebrahem, E.mail: roolaabrahem@gmail.com).

Received: 30/07/2023           Accepted: 27/11/2023

Abstract: 

The research has intended to identify the economic impact of Livestock Development project, which pursued small raisers in the Homs governorate, A random sample was used to include (4) villages from the Homs governorate. This sample actually contained (130) beneficiaries of the project by taking a percentage (10%) from the total number of beneficiaries, whereas total number of the beneficiaries’ project was (1303) as from the beginning of the project till the end of 2018. The results have shown that this project had a role in increasing the income for 47.6% of the beneficiary families, and it contributed to increase in household expenditures for 45.6% of the beneficiaries, while 16.5% of the families benefiting from the project increased their sources of income, and 49.5% of the households in the sample had an increase in their physical assets. The project also has contributed to an increase in spending on education for 22.3% of the beneficiary families in the sample. The results also have showed that there is a significant relationship between each of two independent variables: the increase in household expenditures, the increase in family spending on education, and the dependent variable: The role of the project in increasing the family income (at level significance 1%). The study has recommended to take interest and concentrate on the integrated development projects and establishing new development projects in accordance with the area requirements to reach the sustainable development to the region.

Keywords: Rural Development, Livestock  Development project, Rural Families, Homs governorate.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Rahf Salman^*(1), Shabab Nasser ⁽²⁾, Wael  Habib ^(1), and Tayseer Hatem ⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Agricultural Economics. General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria.

(2). Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria.

(^*Corresponding Author: Rahf Salman, E-Mail:   SoRahf2015@gmail.com) .    

Received: 9/10/2023           Accepted; 6/11/2023

Abstract: 

The study was conducted on a sample of autumn sugar beet farmers in Al-Ghab region / Syria for the season 2018/2019, through a questionnaire specially prepared for this purpose for a random sample of 80 farmers. The research aimed to estimate the production function of the fall loop sugar beet crop, using the “Douglas Cup” model. The results showed that the production of autumn sugar beet is carried out in the economic production stage, which is the second stage of the law of decreasing yields, according to the elasticities of the production elements less than one, it was found that there is a significant positive effect on the level of 1% for the use of phosphate and nitrogen fertilizers, irrigation water, pesticides and herbicides, which reached production elasticities of 0.163, 0.136, 0.313, 0.027 and 0.017 each, respectively. Summing up the productive elasticities of the productivity elements of the Cobb-Douglas function gives us the total elasticity of this function, estimated at only 0.853. It is positive elasticity and less than the correct one, which also indicates that beet production in the study sample is within the decreasing marginal production stage, and it was generally found that the sample farmers could not achieve optimal economic efficiency to use each of the basic inputs, there is a severe shortage in the use of phosphate fertilizer and irrigation water resource, for phosphorus fertilizer: The economic efficiency factor for its use in beet production was 3.3, which means that the value of the marginal product of this resource is 330% higher than its price, As for the amount of irrigation water: the economic efficiency factor for its use in beet production was 5.5, which means that the value of the marginal product of this resource is about five times higher than its price, as farmers must increase the quantities used of these two fertilizers to the extent that the value of the marginal product is equal to the marginal cost.

Keywords: Autumn Sugar Beet production, Production Function, Cobb-Douglas, Production Flexibility, Economic Efficiency.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

AyatZureik^*(1) , GhassanYaqoub ⁽¹⁾ and Nadia Safwat⁽²⁾

(1). Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(2). Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: AyatZureik, E-mail: ayatzriek@gmail.com)

Received:4/08/2023                Accepted: 7/11/2023

Abstract: 

The study included the three places in the governorate of Latakia (Village Fadeo and the area of ​​the seventh project and the village of Shamiya), and estimates were distributed that included the following information: the location of the facility, production requirements, and the amount of production, then production costs, and manufacturing costs, as well as packing and transportation costs. The results showed that the percentage of profit to total revenues was estimated at 38.68%, 11.92%, and 10.03%, respectively. for production costs amounted to (191.54%, 113.99%, 111.80%), respectively. As for production efficiency, it ranged between (1.20_1.82), and the average income per spending unit ranged between (1.10_1.63). The study proved that dairy and cheese manufacturing facilities can achieve guaranteed profits within a short period of time, if the necessary technical expertise and production requirements are available, and appropriate conditions are secured, while securing direct marketing of the product at reasonable prices because it is a perishable product and cannot withstand storage for a long time.

Keywords: dairy and cheese, manufacturing facilities, profitability coefficient, economic efficiency.

 Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Mohammed Dosh Al-daemes ^(1)*

(1). Department Of Food Science, Faculty Of Agricultural Engineering Al-Furat University.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Mohammed Dosh Aldaemes. E-Mail: maldaames@yahoo.com + dr,aldaemes@yahoo.co

            Received:3/10/2023         Accepted:7/12/2023                                                                                

Abstract: 

This assay aimed to convey an idea of the best physicochemical properties in wheat grains and the rheological qualities of the dough required by experts and manufacturers of this material to researchers in the field of breeding and genetic improvement on this crop, Where the opportunity to develop this crop and increase production and productivity is still great, by following modern breeding methods in agriculture and conservation agriculture in some areas, and relying on genetic engineering to develop Syrian wheat cultivars, and knowing the impact degree of environmental conditions for plant growth on these characteristics, and how to control these conditions to reach the best production and best specifications of proteins in wheat grains, with the need to take some necessary procedures that lead to increasing the national product and maintaining the success of programs for the development and breeding of this crop.

Keywords: wheat breeding systems, physicochemical properties, rheological characteristics

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Molham Shaabani ^{* (1)}

(1). Directorate of Agriculture and Agrarian Reform in Latakia, Tishreen University, Latakia, Syria.

(*corresponding author: Molham Shaabani. Email: molhamshaabani@gmail.com. Mobile: 0933687146).

Received: 31/07/2023           Accepted: 27/10/2023

Abstract: 

The research was carried out in Damsarkhu area of Latakia province during 2022 agricultural season, by cultivating sixteen genotypes of the local ordinary lobby, with the aim of studying the genetic variations in the physiological, morphological and productive characteristics of the locally cultivated species vigna.ssp, and identifying genotypes with distinctive characteristics, using  random complete block design  (R.C.B.D) with three replications. The results showed a differences in the values of the studied qualities while as the genotype (G3) was the most distinctive in many morphological qualities such as the length of the century (30.26) cm, and in productivity, the most important of which is the quality of the number of seeds/century compared with other genotypes (18.46) seed and average plant production of green horns in the area unit (3.15kg/m2), in addition to the genotype (G5), which characterized with the number of green horns on the plant and reached (34.53) horns, and the genotype (G10), which exceeded the size of the leaf (70.91) cm2. Thus, aggregate selection for distinctive strains or varieties can be applied in their quantitative and qualitative qualities, relying on the correlation as an electoral indicator of certain economic qualities such as the relationship between the number of seeds in the century and the recipes of the length of the century/cm (r = 0.984 * *), the weight of the century (g) (r = 0.977 * *), and other qualities.

Key Words : Preliminary evaluation, genotypes, Cowpea, characterization.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Ziad Khouri ^(1)*, Mohammad Nizam⁽¹⁾, Ihab Ahmad⁽¹⁾, Ghaith Nassor⁽¹⁾ and Ammar Askarieh ⁽¹⁾

(1). Latakia Research Center, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research GCSAR, Damascus, Syria.

(^*Corresponding author: Dr: Ziad Khouri, E-Mail: khouriz@yahoo.com).

Received: 16/08/2023             Accepted: 1/10/2023

Abstract: 

 The research was carried out in Kafron district in Tartous countryside during the year 2021-2022 with the aim of studying the effect foliar application by ammonium thiosulfate (ATS) with different concentrations (1.5, 2 and 3%), respectively of peach blossom thinning (July elberta cv.) of improving vegetative and fruitful growth and productivity compared control trees. The results showed that improving characteristics vegetative growth due to treatments especially foliar application treatments by (ATS) compound with concentration 3% and increasing leaf area, length and diameter shoot length and nitrogen percent in leaf gave 44.11 (cm²), 62.55 (cm), 0.71 (mm) and 2.62 (%), respectively, also this treatment reduced fruit set compared other treatment and control trees and gave value 57.12% and increased productivity 69.40 (kg/tree). Also improved fruit weight and fruit size. This treatment recorded positive values for chemical proprieties of fruits compared control trees such SSC, total sugar and anthocyanin content and recorded 11.22%, 8.99 (100 mcg/ml of glucose) and 19.88 (mg/100g fresh weight).                                                                   

Key words: Thinning, Productivity, Foliar application, Ammonium thiosulfate, Peach, July elberta

Full paper in Arabic: pdf 

Haidara boissa⁽¹⁾* , Mazen nassour⁽¹⁾ and Fahed Sahuni⁽²⁾

(1). , Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University.Lattakia , Syria.

(2). Horticulture, Second Faculty of Agriculture, Aleppo University.Aleppo , Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Haidara boissa, E-Mail: haidara.hhda@gmail.com)

Received: 14/08/2023                 Accepted: 8/10/2023

Abstract: 

The research was conducted in Lattakia, Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, during two seasons (2019-2020) and (2020-2021). The aim of the research was to study the effect of foliar spray with gibberellin acid (100,150) ppm, ALAR (1000,1500) ppm and both of them together in vegetative growth and flowering of the plant, the experiment was laid out in complete block design with three replications and six treatments, as a 30 plant per replicate. The results showed the positive effect of the growth regulator on the development of the vegetative and flowering parameter, Especially when we used a top concentration of   GA₃ (150) ppm and minimum concentration of ALAR  (1000) ppm, so it achieved joint spraying treatment (T7:GA₃ 150ppm, ALAR 1500 ppm) showed the best results in terms of growth (number of leaves, leaf area, fresh weight, dry weight, percentage of dry matter and the amount of total chlorophyll), as well as the formation and evolution of flowering (early flowering, number of flower stem, total number of flowers, number of flower per stem and floral diameter).

Key words: Chrysanthemum , GA₃ , ALAR ,Cut flower

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Jenan Othman^(1)*and Buthaina Mardn⁽¹⁾

(1). Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen university, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr.Jenan  Othman, E-mail: jenan.othman@gmail.com, 0955205560.)

Received: 31/08/2023                 Accepted: 27/10/2023

Abstract: 

This research was carried out in the nursery of the agricultural faculty at Tishreen University during the spring period of the agricultural season 2021, and aimed to study the effect of foliar spraying with a group of B vitamins on some growth and productivity indicators on potato plants (Spunta cultivar). The study included eight treatments: spraying the plants with vitamins (B1, B2, B3, B6, B9, B12) individually and a mixture of vitamins (Bmix) at a concentration of 100ppm in addition to the control treatment. The experiment was designed according to complete random distribution with three replications. The results of the study showed the positive effect of treating the plants with all the previous different vitamins compared to the control in all the studied indicators (area and leaf surface index, number of tubers, average weight of the tuber, total production and marketing) with a significant superiority of treatment of plants with a mixture of vitamins (bmix).On all treatments: the leaf area (16575cm2/plant) and its index (7.36), plant height (96.5cm), total production (1816g/plant) and the number of tubers.

Keywords: potatoes, vitamins B, Growth, Production.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Jafar  Mohamad* ⁽¹⁾ , Ali  Nisafi ⁽²⁾, Mohamad  Salhab ⁽¹⁾

 and Bushra  Alissa ⁽²⁾      

(1).Lattakia Research Center, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR),

Lattakia, Syria.

 (2).Department of Animal Production, College of Agricultural Engineering, Tishreen University, 

Lattakia, Syria.

 (*Corresponding author: Eng. Jafar Mohammad, E.mail: jafar202m2@gmail.com)

Received: 23/08/2023         Accepted:23/10/2023

Abstract: 

The experiment was conducted on 375 hybrid (Hubbard Flex) broilers to determine the effect of different colors of LED lights on the productive performance of broilers. One-day-old chicks were randomly distributed into five different treatments depending on the color and intensity of the lights. (Green G_24Lux, Blue B_24Lux, Mix _{G-B 24Lux} ,White W_60Lux, Yellow Y_75Lux), with 75 chicks per treatment, Chicks from one group were distributed in three replicates. The average live weight of the birds, the average feed consumption per bird, the feed conversion coefficient, the production coefficient index, the caracass yield rate and meat yield rate at the end of the experiment were calculated for each of the studied treatments. The cost of using LED lamps was also calculated and compared with the cost of the using traditional tungsten and fluorescent lamps. The results showed that there was a significant effect of color and intensity of the lighting on the productivity of the birds. The combination of alternating green with blue _G-B T_Mix LED lighting outperformed other treatments in average live weight, as the average weight was (2846.3) g compared to the birds that exposed to tungsten lamps (2652.8) g. And high conversion efficiency (average conversion factor 1.69 of T_{Mix G-B} treatment birds versus 1.78 for T_Y treatment birds). The Birds of the treatment T_Mix  the alternating lighting achieved the higher caracass yield rate (79.16%), and higher meat yield rate (54.23%), and the highest average productivity index (401). In addition, the use of colored LED lights reduced electrical energy consumption by 91%. It was concluded from this study the efficiency of using alternating of blue and green LED lighting in improving broiler production standards, and reducing the costs of the electrical energy consumption and thus achieving higher profitability.

Keywords: lighting color – productivity – LED lights – broilers.                         

Full paper in Arabic: pdf