Abdulmalek Alsaier * ⁽¹⁾, Zakaria Hassani ⁽¹⁾ , Badr AL-deen Jalab ⁽²⁾ and Moustafa Mazen Atri ⁽²⁾  

(1).Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria.

(2). Department of Natural Resources, Agricultural Research Center in Aleppo, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research.

(*Corresponding author:Abdulmalek Alsaier. E-Mail:malekalsayer66@gmail.com).

Received: 23/09/2024                Accepted: 24/02/2025

Abstract: 

This study was conducted during the two seasons (2022-2023). The field experiment was carried out in a private farm in Deir Hafer area – Rasm Abboud village, to study the effect of foliar spraying with Nano iron prepared using the leaf extract of the azdrecht plant at three concentrations (50, 75, 100 mg/L), and to compare them with foliar spraying with iron sulfate at three concentrations (100, 150, 200 mg/L). The results of the study showed the positive effect of the Nano iron and iron sulfate treatments in the both seasons, as all treatments outperformed the control without spraying and the control sprayed with water only, for most of the indicators studied, and the treatment (Nano Fe 100) average weight tree productivity, average percentage of total soluble solids and reducing sugars, (73.48 Kg, 21.56 %,18.62 %), The lowest values were for the control without spraying and the control sprayed with water only.

Keywords: Nano iron, Iron sulfate, Foliar spray, Grape trees, White Shami.

Full Paper in Arabic: pdf

Ghiath A. Alloush⁽¹⁾ and Suliman Younes* ⁽²⁾

(1). Dept of Soil and Water Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Lattakia, Syria.

(2). General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research –Alhenadi Research Station, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Suliman Younes. E-Mail: sulimanyounes89@gmail.com).

     Received: 27/08/2024                     Accepted: 9/03/2025

Abstract: 

This study aims at investigating the possible use of phosphate rock (PR) as alternative to triple super phosphate (TSP) in slightly acidic Basaltic soil (pH= 6.2). Two experiments were conducted in agriculture engineering faculty in Lattakia: the first is an incubation study for soil received phosphorus from PR or TSP with or without organic fertilizer (OM). PR dissolution was measured as function of time; and the second experiment was carried out in a pot study growing maize plants. The dissolution of PR was quick in presence of organic fertilizer (OM+PR) compared to application of PR alone (PR), the effect of organic matter was on dissolution speed rather than rate of dissolution. The dissolution rate of PR reached 35% of the added PR after 90 days of incubation irrespective of organic matter presence. The application of organic fertilizer alone or in combination with PR or triple supper phosphate (TSP) didn’t increase plant dry matter production of maize while root growth was increased which in turn decreased shoot to root ratio. The application of TSP or OM increased P concentrations in both shoot and roots tissues. The application of PR alone did not have an effect of P concentration in either shoots or roots unless PR application was companied with the application of OM. The calculation of agricultural relative effectiveness of PR (ARE, %) showed a values of 73.1% for maize when compared to application of TSP.

Keywords: Phosphate Rock Dissolution, Agricultural Effectiveness,  Organic fertilizer, Available Phosphorus.

Full Paper in Arabic: pdf

Abdel Aleem Bello⁽¹⁾ , Nizar Issa ⁽²⁾, Khaled Mawardi⁽³⁾ and Aline Batch ^*(1)

(1).Dept. of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria.

(2). Dept. of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria.

(3). Dept. of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Aline Batch, E-Mail: alinebatch@hotmail.com, Tel: 0944826295)

Received:  24/08/2024        Accepted: 5/02/2025

Abstract: 

Apiaceae is one of the very important and large family in the plant kingdom, and it is one of the leading families in Syria. The current study Was done in 2024 aimed to evaluate the morphological and anatomical traits of the fruits and use them to develop a new taxonomic key for the Apiaceae species widespread in Aleppo. The study relied on unified Carpological characteristics, and the data was analyzed using a matrix (database) consisting of 16 procedural classification units that included 31 traits. The cluster study was carried out using hierarchical cluster analysis in SPSS version (25), and a Dendrogram was obtained based on the euclidean distance between taxonomic units. The study included fruits of 16 species: Anthriscus caucalis, Scandix pecten-veneris, Scandix iberica, Scandix verna, Torilis nodosa, Torilis tenella, Torilis leptophylla Var. erythrotricha, Conium maculatum, Coriandrum sativum, Helosciadium nodiflorum, Ammi majus, Visnaga daucoides, Malabaila graveolens, Malabaila secacul, Tordylium cordatum, Tordylium trachycarpum. The results showed that the species separated into two clusters. The first cluster included of Scandix spp., which are distinguished by its very long beak. The second cluster included 7 subclusters, A.nthriscus caucalis was isolated alone in a subcluster close to the first cluster, also C. maculatum and C. sativum, each of which was isolated in a separate subcluster. Tordylium species were occupied a subcluster, as were species of the genus Malabaila. There was a separate subcluster for Ammi species, and H. nodiflorum. The largest euclidean distance was between S. pecten -veneris and A. majus with a value of 581, the shortest euclidean distance of only 2 was between T. tenelle and T. leptophylla, and no distance was shown between the two Malabaila species, and also between the two Tordylium Species. The study showed that morphological and anatomical characteristics of the Apiaceae fruits plays a very important role in separating and distinguishing genera, and may contribute less significantly to species distinguishing.

Keywords: Apiaceae, Carpological characteristics, Cluster Analysis, Morphology, Anatomy, Aleppo.

Full Paper in Arabic: pdf

Haifa Hossen^(1)* , Naziha Ruqaya⁽²⁾ and Nabil Habib⁽²⁾

(1). Syrian Grain Establishment, Latakia, Syria.

(2). Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture,  Tishreen University,  Latakia,  Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Haifa Hossen. E-Mail: haifahossen@yahoo.com).

Received: 13/10/2024              Accepted:5/02/2025

Abstract: 

A field experiment was conducted at Bouqa Farm, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Tishreen University, during the agricultural seasons of 2019 and 2020, by planting one line of barley and one line of triticale from the General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, in addition to common vetch Vicia sativa L., to study the effect of mixing ratios of each of barley and triticale with vetch on forage production and competition indices. The experiment was carried out according to a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) design, with three replicates. The results indicated a significant effect of mixed cultivation in terms of the type of grass crop and its percentage in the mixture on the production of dry matter of the mixture, and the studied competition indices (grass competition coefficient, total relative yield, relative crowding coefficient, and percentage of vetch in the mixture). In both seasons, triticale in single cultivation significantly outperformed the rest of the studied treatments in terms of dry matter production, followed by the mixture consisting of 75% triticale and 25% triticale, which significantly outperformed all studied mixture treatments in terms of the percentage of legumes within the mixture, the total relative yield and the relative crowding coefficient, while barley grown with vetch at a mixing ratio of (75% B + 25% V) significantly outperformed the rest of the studied treatments in terms of the Competitive ratio. Based on the research results, it is suggested to grow triticale in fodder mixtures with vetch at a mixing ratio of 75% triticale + 25% vetch to obtain high fodder production.

Keywords: Common vetch, barley, triticale, fodder mixtures, competition indices.

Full Paper in Arabic: pdf

Ali Abboud^(1)* , Mohammad Nael Khattab⁽¹⁾ and Majd Darwish⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University,  Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Ali Aboud . E-Mail: aliabboud608@gmail.com.)

Received: 24/10/2024           Accepted: 19/03/2025

Abstract: 

The research was carried out in the Jableh area of Lattakia Governorate, in mid-April 2024 AD, with the aim of applying foliar spraying with potassium humate at concentrations of (1-2) g/l and seaweed extract at a rate of 1.5 -3 ml/l and irrigation at a level of 50 and 100% of the field capacity on two hybrids of sweet corn (Cooper and Golden Swede) according to a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates for each treatment. The following indicators were measured (plant height (cm), number of leaves, leaf surface area (cm2/plant), ear length (cm), number of rows per ear, number of grains per ear, weight of 100 grains (g), weight of grains per ear (g). The results showed that spraying with seaweed extract at a concentration of 3 ml/L and potassium humate at a concentration of 2 g/L on the hybrids of sugar corn Cooper and Golden Sweden when irrigated at a rate of 50 and 100% of the field capacity led to a significant improvement in the values of many of the studied traits such as (plant height, number of leaves, area of leaves per plant, ear length). Spraying with seaweed extract at a concentration of 1.5 ml/L and potassium humate at a concentration of 1 g/L on the hybrids of sugar corn Cooper and Golden Sweden when irrigated at a rate of 50 and 100% of the field capacity led to a significant increase in many of the studied traits such as (number of rows per ear, number of grains per ear, weight of 100 grains, weight of grains per ear). It was also observed during the application of spraying with seaweed extract at a concentration of 3 ml/L and potassium humate at a concentration of 2 g/L and irrigation at 100% of the field capacity, the hybrid Cooper was superior to the hybrid Golden Sweden in some of the studied traits, The Golden hybrid was superior in other characteristics, and thus both responded to the study treatments and could be grown in the region.

Keywords: Sugar corn, potassium humate, seaweed, water deficit.

Full Paper in Arabic: pdf

Mais  Naoof ^(1)* and Roula Bayerli ⁽²⁾

(1). Faculty of Agriculture, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria.  

(*Corresponding author:  Mais Naoof, Email: mais3462@gmail.com).

Received: 12/02/2025         Accepted:10/12/2024

Abstract: 

The experiment and Chemical analyses were carried out in the Biological Control Department in Hama Governorate and the laboratories of the Faculty of Agricultural Engineering – Damascus University – Syria during the years (2020 – 2021 and 2021 – 2022). The aim of it was to studying the effect of the bio-fertilizer Trichoderma harzianum (at concentrations 10⁵ ,10⁶, 10⁷ spores/ml), indole acetic acid IAA (at concentrations of 50 and 100 ppm) and the interaction between them, in improving vegetative growth, fruits and productivity indicators of tomato plants (Shorouk variety).The experiment was designed according to a complete randomized block design. The results showed that treatment Trichoderma at 10⁵ spores/ml was superior to the other biofertilizer treatments and control with significant differences in morphological indicators (81.57 cm for plant height, 77.33 leaves for number of Leaves and 7853.3 cm² for leaf surface area), indicators related to fruits (4.13 Brix° for TSS, 4.55 for 4.47, 1.91 kg/cm²  for hardness) and production indicators (13.02 clusters for number of clusters/plant, 4.07 flowers for number of flowers set/cluster and 211.24 g for average fruit weight), While there were no significant differences between IAA 50 ppm and control. Also, the interaction treatment between Trichoderma at 10⁵ spores/ml with IAA 50 ppm was superior to the other treatments and control with significant differences in morphological indicators (92.22 cm for plant height, 85.28 leaves for number of Leaves and 8770.4 cm² for leaf surface area), indicators related to fruits (4.43 Brix° for TSS, 4.55 for pH) and production indicators (14.94 clusters for number of clusters/plant, 4.61 flowers for number of flowers set/cluster and 231.50 g for average fruit weight) and without significant differences with the treatment of Trichoderma at 10⁵ alone, while the treatment of Trichoderma alone (at 10⁵) was superior to the other treatments and to the control with significant differences for the fruit firmness indicator (2.28 kg/cm2). the treatments with Trichoderma at 10⁶ and 10⁷ spores/ml, IAA at 100 ppm and their interaction gave lowest value for all indicator.

Keywords: Tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum, biofertilizer, Trichoderma Harzianum, IAA, Productivity.

Full Paper in Arabic: pdf

Ammar Askarieh ^(1)*, Nsreen Dib⁽¹⁾, Alisar Shaabow⁽¹⁾,Amal Haj Hassan⁽¹⁾, Omar Hamoudi⁽¹⁾,Ammar Abbas⁽¹⁾, Soulaf Haloum⁽¹⁾ and Rami Adraa⁽¹⁾

  (1). General Commission for Scientific Agriculture  Research, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Ammar Askarieh . E-Mail: ammar.askarieh89@gmail.com, Mob: 0934373387).

Received: 19/06/2023           Accepted: 19/12/2023

Abstract: 

The research was carried out at the Agricultural Scientific Research Center in Lattakia, within a 400 m² greenhouse planted with lettuce, during the fall of 2022, with the aim of studying the effect of three types of compost prepared from pruning residues of citrus trees (Cc), olive trees (Oc) and greenhouse residues (Tc) on some vegetative and productivity parameters of lettuce grown under greenhouse conditions. Where the experiment included four treatments (control: soil without fertilization – compost prepared from the waste of pruning citrus trees (Cc) – compost prepared from the waste of pruning olive trees (Oc) – compost prepared from the waste of plants grown in protected houses (cucumbers and tomatoes) (Tc)) The experiment was distributed according to a randomized complete block design with four replicates for each treatment. The results were analyzed statistically using Genestate12 statistical analysis software, ANOVA analysis of variance test, and the LSD value was calculated at a significant level of 5%. The results showed that all treatments contributed to increasing the percentage of organic matter in the soil compared to the control, which helps to improve the spread of roots, and also contributed to the availability of nutrients needed for plant growth in a greater way, which contributes to increasing plant productivity, and the results also indicated that all treatments contributed to improving plant weight Whereas, the compost treatment (Tc) was the best among the treatments in increasing the stem weight (77.33 g) and the least in the compost treatment (Cc) (62.33 g). However, none of the treatments contributed to increasing the root weight without significant differences between the treatments and the control. The results also show the role of compost in increasing the weight of the pulp with significant differences between the treatments, as the highest pulp weight was recorded in the compost treatment (Cc) (172g), followed by the compost treatment (Tc) (165.3g) and the lowest was in the compost treatment (Oc) (137.3g) compared to control (145g). The results also show the role of treatment with different types of organic fertilizers in improving the representative surface area and improving the productive characteristics compared to the control. The highest productivity per unit area was recorded in (Cc) treatment (4.375 kg/m2) and the lowest in (Oc) treatment (3.465 kg/m2), with significant differences between the treatments. The treatment with different types of organic fertilizers also contributed to improving some qualitative characteristics of lettuce without significant differences between the treatments and the control. This confirms the role of organic additions to plant residues as an effective tool in maintaining and sustaining agriculture, increasing soil organic matter, improving soil fertility and increasing agricultural crop productivity.

Keywords: lettuce, organic fertilization, compost, plant waste, yield.

Full Paper in Arabic: pdf

Talal  Fozo ^(1)* and Eman Matar ⁽²⁾

(1). Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattika, Syria.

(2). Administration of Horticulture Research, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Talal Fozo. Email: Talalfozo544@gmail.com).

Received:10/09/2023                Accepted:4/12/2023

Abstract: 

Almond is economically one of the important fruit crops especially nut fruits in Syria according to the fact that the wild genetic resources still exist along the Syrian forests, mountains, and hills. The study was conducted on the agricultural research center of Homs; Syria aimed to study self-incompatibility for some introduced Italian varieties of Almond. (Prunus amygdalus L.) Results revealed an existence of complete self-sterile varieties such as Feragnes and Don carlo, and varieties varied according to the results of free fertilization in fruit setting rates; for example Touno and Genco varieties had the highest fruit setting rates (32.9585% and 32.0996% respectively). However,Filippocco and Supernova varieties recorded the lowest fruit setting rates (11.7742% and 11.8184% respectively). Genco, Tuono,Doncarlo, Feragnes, Filippocco and Pepparudda varieties varied according to pollen viability between 88.6300% for Genco and 70.7100% for Pepparudda but in the other hand the variety Supernova pollen viability was the lowest by 60.4263%. Genco occupied the highest rank in pollen germination rate by 76.0763% butFilippocco had the lowest pollen germination rate by 60.4263; in parallel ofthat,Genco had the highest fertility index while the lowest was for Filippocco.

Keywords: Prunus amygdalus L., self-sterile, pollen viability, pollen germination

Full Paper in Arabic: pdf

Wasim Aljuhni^(1)* , Radwan Alkhatib ⁽²⁾  and  Mohammed Massri ⁽²⁾

(1). Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Baath University, Homs, Syria.

.(2) Higher Institute for Applied Sciences and Technology, Damascus

(*Corresponding author:Wasim Aljuhni : E-Mail Wasim.aljuhni@gmail.com,T: 0951324670)

Received  : 1/07/2024                           Accepted :15/11/2024

Abstract: 

This study was conducted at the Biotechnology Center of Al-Baath University during 2022. The study aimed to investigate the impact of polysaccharide coating solutions enriched with nano zinc oxide and lemongrass oil on the marketing qualities and storage capabilities of ‘Golden Delicious’ apples stored at ambient temperature. Polysaccharide coating solutions were prepared from sodium alginate (ALG) and pectin (PEC), and were enriched with lemongrass essential oil (LG) and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs). Golden Delicious apple fruits were treated with prepared coating solutions, and fruits without any treatment were used as a control. The fruits were stored at a laboratory temperature (18 ± 3 °C) for 8 weeks. Changes in fruit characteristics during storage were studied. The indicators studied included weight loss, percentage of dissolved solids, Firmness, titratable acidity, vitamin C, total phenolic compounds, and antioxidant activity. The results exhibited that treating apple fruits with polysaccharide emulsions containing lemongrass oil and ZNo-NPs were significantly (P<0.05) reduced undesirable changes in quality indicators during storage. Treating apple fruits with the double composite layer (layer by layer) consisting of (ALG+LGEO+ZnO-NPs) and (PEC+LGEO+ZnO-NPs) was significantly (P<0.05) superior to the other treatments in maintaining quality indicators during storage. The results of the study indicate the possibility of using polysaccharide emulsions enriched with zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZNo-NPs) and lemongrass essential oil to improve the marketing specifications and increase the storage capacity of stored apple fruits.

Keywords: Golden Delicious, polysaccharides, lemongrass essential oil, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZNo-NPs), Storage capacity.

Full Paper in Arabic: pdf

Huda jansiz^*(1)

(1) Department of Food Science, University of Homs, Homs. Syria.

Corresponding author*)  :Huda jansiz: E-Mail , hudajansiz2@ gmail.com,T: 0994975850)

Received  9/08/2024                           Accepted :6/01/2024

Abstract: 

The research aims to study the effect of different concentrations of ethanolic extract of propolis (1-5-10)% on the quality and physiological and chemical characteristics of strawberries stored at a temperature of (1±4) °C for 10 days after washing them with acetic acid3% and drying them at room temperature for two hours. The results of chemical analyses showed that the fruits treated with propolis 10% were superior in maintaining the moisture content, pH, and values of vitamin C and phenolic substances, flavonoids, anthocyanins, their weight, hardness, and TSS value, increasing the ash content, and decreasing the percentage of mold, noting that the control samples could not withstand storage for more than 5 days. In addition, there was an effect of covering with propolis on the values of the color index (a b L), as a decrease in the values of the color(index*L) was observed. As the storage period continued, the color tended to darken, but when treated with propolis at a concentration of 10%, the degree of brightness was higher (the fruits were lighter in color) As for the color index (*a), the value of (*a) increased towards red with the increase in the storage period, as the degree of redness increased with the increase in the concentration used, while the values of the yellowness index (*b) decreased with the continuation of the storage period. Strawberries treated with propolis 10% showed the best acceptance by the evaluators in terms of taste, color, smell and texture, and achieved the highest general acceptance by the consumer. Therefore, propolis can be used to extend the shelf life of strawberries and maintain their quality characteristics.

Keywords: Strawberries, ethanolic extract of propolis, physical properties, chemical composition. 

Full Paper in Arabic: pdf