Esraa Al Masoud ^(1)*, Fawaz Al-Hajji Abboud ⁽²⁾,  and Ziad Huwaijem ⁽³⁾

 (1). Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Fourat University,  Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Esraa Al-Masoud, E.mail:  msoodesraa@gmail.com.    Tel:  0931496707).

Received:24/08/2024          Accepted: 6/01/2025

Abstract: 

The experiment was conducted in Al-Huwaiqa area, east of Deir Ezzor, in the two planting seasons 2022-2023 to study the effect of fertilization with a suspension of dry bread yeast and humic acid on the growth and productivity of capsicum plants planted in open ground, the experiment was carried out according to the design of the Complete Random Blocks of factor experiments using two factors: the first factor is the varieties and the second factor is the fertilizer coefficients, and the data was analyzed statistically using the F test to find the significant differences between the varieties and fertilizer coefficients and the interaction between the two factors, and the lowest significant difference was calculated LSD   At a confidence level of 5%, where the results showed that the fertilization treatment exceeded 100% yeast significantly in most of the studied traits (number of branches, number of flowers, number of fruits and their weight, productivity of one plant, total productivity over the rest of the studied transactions and control treatment. The 100% Humic treatment was superior for the traits (plant height, number of leaves, number of branches, leaf area) compared to the control. The positive effect of fertilizing with a suspension of bread yeast and humic acid at the 25% yeast 75% humic treatment appeared in most of the studied traits (plant height, number of leaves, leaf area). The interaction between treatments and varieties also affected the effect, with the hot variety outperforming the sweet variety in all traits except for fruit weight.

Keywords: Capsicum, Humic acid, Bread yeast, Growth, Production.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Osama Radwan ^(1)*, Samer Naser* ⁽¹⁾ and Manal Fdi ⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Forestry and Environment, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr.Osama Radwan, Email: osamagr3@gmail.com or Dr. Samer Naser, E.mail: samo17973@gmail.com).

Received:14/08/2023          Accepted: 4/12/2023

Abstract: 

This research Carried out in  Tishreen Universty , during 2021-2022 in order to obtain improvehigher proportion of seeds germination of Laurus nobilis L.the experiment was designed in randomized block design at a rate of three treatments and five replicates control (T0), treatment keep on (4) (T1) and treatment with moist stratification (T2). The study and the results of the statistical analysis showed at the level of significance (5%) the superiority of the wet stacking treatment (T2), with regard to the germination rate (66%) and for the length of the roots, the treatment ((T1) was superior to a value of (15.17) with significant differences compared with the treatment of the control As for the diameter (mm), the wet stacking treatment (T2) was superior to the treatment of the control (T0) with a value of (0.52a), with significant differences between them, and by moving to the dry weight of the shoot, the wet stacking treatment (T2) was superior with a value of (1.01g).

Key words: Laurus nobilis L. moist stratification, germination.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Mohammed Dosh Al-daemes ⁽¹⁾ and Mohamad Fadi Habiba^(2)*

(1). Department Of Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Al-Furat University.

(2).  Ministry of Internal Trade and Consumer Protection, Damascus countryside.

 (*Corresponding author: Dr. Mohammed Dosh Aldaemes. E-Mail: maldaames@yahoo.com + dr,aldaemes@yahoo.com).

Received: 19/07/2024                        Accepted: 19/01/2025

Abstract: 

The aim of the research was to study the effect of adding roasted barley flour on the chemical and sensory properties of dried green thyme at three levels (10-20-30)%. The research used green table thyme available in the local market of Aleppo city and roasted white barley flour with an extraction rate of 80%. This research was conducted in the Grain Technology Laboratory, Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Deir Ezzor, during the years 2023-2024. The results showed that the sensory properties of the samples studied of dried green thyme were not affected by the addition ratios of (10-20-30)%. of roasted white barley flour used in the studied treatments, and all of them remained without significant differences with the control, except for the addition ratio of 30%, which reduced the degree of flavor of thyme to a good degree. The results also showed a decrease in the percentage of proteins, total fats, total fibers and ash with increasing the percentages of adding roasted barley flour compared to the control sample, and the differences were significant between all treatments with increasing the percentages of substitution 30-20-10%, the percentage of moisture and carbohydrates increased with increasing the percentage of adding roasted barley flour to dried green thyme compared to the control sample, A1, A2 and A3 for the two mentioned traits. This confirms the possibility of fortifying meals with directly roasted barley flour (roasting is a sterilization and cooking process) due to the quality of the amino acids that make up barley proteins on the one hand and its richness in healthy dietary fibers on the other hand.

Keywords: dried green thyme, barley flour, chemical properties, and sensory properties.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Zahraa Baidaq ^(1)* and Al-Mouthana  Hasan⁽¹⁾

(1). General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Latakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding Author: Dr. Zahraa Baidaq zahraaok2@hotmail.com).  

Received: 13/08/2023                   Accepted:28/01/2024

Abstract: 

Some experiments were conducted on the use of Sliced onion (Allium cepa L.) that were distributed in different places in ambient conditions, as they were hanged at a height of 1.5 m, in order to identify the bacterial species adsorbed on the surface of the onion slices, The onion slices were placed with a diameter of 2.5 cm In 3 different places in terms of the nature of the use of the place, with an average of 3 replications in each of (office room _ living room _ public bathroom), and after three days of hanging, samples were drawn, numbered, and transferred to the laboratory for bacterial examination in the Supply Directorate in Lattakia to study the following criteria: ( The total count of bacteria – special tests for some types of pathogenic bacteria). The most important media that were used in the research were: Nutrient Agar (NA), Red Bile Glucose Agar Violet (VRB), Baird Parker Agar, and Salmonella Tetrathionate Broth. The samples were incubated at specific temperatures suitable for the types of target bacteria to be identified, ranged between 37-44 oC and was incubated for 24 and 48 hours. The results showed that the samples were hanged in office and living rooms, and public bathrooms, and within only three days; It had a high bacterial count compared to the control (samples were taken for direct digestion), as it reached the highest  3.2×   10³ bacteria per 1g of the bathroom samples, While the lowest was 3.0×   10³  germs per  1g in the living room sample on Nutrient Agar NA, while the control contained 5.0 ×   10²bacteria per 1 g, while the office and living room samples contained types of coliform group bacteria, including Escherichia coli, while all samples were free of Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella

Keywords: Onion, Coliform, Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Staphylococcus aureus.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Yousef Khalaph ^(1)*

(1). Department of Soil and Land Reclamation, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Aleppo University,   Aleppo, Syria.

 (*Corresponding author: Yousef Khalaph, E-mail: yosef_walid55@hotmail.com).

Received:25/09/2023                     Accepted: 27/11/2023

Abstract: 

A laboratory experiment was carried out in the Clay Minerals and Colloids Laboratory in the Department of Soil Sciences and Land Reclamation at the Faculty of Agricultural Engineering – University of Aleppo. The research aims to know the effect of two types of salts (NaCl – Na₂SO₄) with five concentrations of each of the salts studied in the laboratory experiment on the stability of artificial soil aggregates and to know the salt concentrations that cause the greatest damage in the destruction of artificial soil aggregates. The results indicated the effect of the increased concentration of salts in increasing the percentage of aggregates that were subjected to collapse.The study also indicated that soil aggregates were damaged more by sodium chloride salt compared to sodium sulfate salt. The results indicated that sodium chloride salt contributes to the destruction of soil aggregates, especially at a concentration of 10 g/l, where the percentage of destroyed aggregates reached about 35%. Sodium sulfate salt also contributed to the destruction of soil aggregates, and the highest value for the percentage of destroyed aggregates was (25.1%) at a concentration of 8 g/l.

Key Words: soil aggregates, Stability of soil aggregates, Sodium salts.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Yasmeen Gandour ^(1)*,  Ghassan Yaqoub ⁽¹⁾  and Ghassan Baddor ⁽¹⁾

(1). Dep. Agricultural Economics., Fac. Agric., Tishreen Univ., Lattakia, Syria1.

(*corresponding: Yasmeen   Gandour,   E-Mail: Yasmina gandour777@gmail.com).                                                                                             

Received:18/08/2024                             Accepted:27/11/2024

Abstract: 

The aim of the research is to indentify the reality of citrus production and marketing in Lattakia Governorate for the period (2014_2023) and the production problems it faces. To achieve the previous objectives, the study relied on secondary data issued by the ministry of agriculture and agricultural reform in Syria during the studied period. In addition to the data issued by the directorate of agriculture and agrarian reform in Lattakia governorate. Some information was also obtained from producer and traders in the wholesale markets in the governorate through questionnaires prepared for this purpose. The descriptive analytical method was also use to present and organize the data and then analyze it using some indicators and mathematical relations, in addition to using some statistical programs like SPSS. The research results showed that the area and production of citrus in Syria and lattakia governorate gradually decreased during the studied period. This decline was due to the significant increase in the costs of production inputs, the cutting down of citrus trees, and replacing them with crops that provide better income, such as olives and some tropical crops. In addition to the spread of fires due to weather conditions, which have consumed thousands of hectares, it has been shown that the high marketing costsand the difficulty of marketing the crop abroad have led to surplus of the crop in the markets and the prices not reaching the desired level, in addition to the decrease in the average marketing efficiency of various marketing channels during the studied period, which was about 47.5%. As the results showed, the issue of brokers and intermediaries controlling the market and the high prices of packaging were among the most significant marketing problems facing the producers Meanwhile, the marketing problems facing citrus traders and exporters in Latakia governorate are the high fuel prices and transportation costs , in addition to competition from other countries citrus, such as Turkish and Iranian citrus. Additionally, there is an export issue related to the extended time that refrigerated trucks spend at border crossings, which increases export costs.                                                                                         

Keywords: citrus crops, marketing, production costs, marketing margin.

 Full Paper in Arabic: pdf

Safaa Razzouk^(1)*

(1). Faculty of Agriculture, Lattika University, Lattika, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Safaa Razzouk. E-Mail: alshrookcenter@gmail.com).

Received: 6/10/2024           Accepted:9/03/2025

Abstract: 

The effectiveness of extension services provided to protected tomato farmers in Tartous Governorate was studied with the aim of evaluating the impact of these services on crop productivity and quality. The descriptive analytical approach was used to collect data from a sample of 370 For the agricultural season 2024, and the results showed that 46% of farmers were dissatisfied with these services, which negatively affected their productivity and crop quality. Statistically significant differences were found in the level of satisfaction based on demographic characteristics such as educational level and income. Moreover, 69.6% of the participants expressed dissatisfaction with the transfer of agricultural research results related to protected tomatoes, while 67.8% expressed satisfaction with determining the seasons of demand for the crop. Based on these results, the study suggested restructuring the agricultural extension apparatus to better meet the needs of farmers, provide a suitable working environment for extension workers, and support the marketing of agricultural products, as 57.1% of farmers expressed dissatisfaction with this support. Finally, the study recommended the need to enhance communication between stakeholders and farmers to maximize the benefit from extension services.

Keywords: Effectiveness, services, guidance, tomato, reserve, Tartous.

Full Paper in Arabic: pdf

Lama Ehssan * ⁽¹⁾

(1). Ecology and Forestry department, Faculty of Agriculture Engineering, Latakia university, Latakia, Syria.

 (*Corresponding author: lama ehssan. E-Mail: ehssan.lama@gmail.com)

Received: 11/06/2024         Accepted:9/02/2025

Abstract: 

Forest fires play a critical role in landscape degradation and cause significant damage to public property. As fire occurrences have increased over the last several decades, forest fire behavior modeling has become the key to predict the rate of fire spread, exploring fire spread, plan firefighting, reduce fire spread and extinguishing them before they reach a critical size. This study aimed to simulate AL SIRAJ fire which occurred during 2017 in Latakia Governorate by comparison the differences between real and simulated fire using FFSM-GIS model, which depends on the factors affecting forest fires behavior in study area as inputs: Wind Speed (WS) , Wind Direction (WD) Combustibility Index (CI), Vapor Pressure Deficit (VPD), the Normalized Difference Moisture Index (NDMI), Slope (S), and Aspect (AS). The simulated area was determined depending on the outputs of the model (Fire Spread Index FSI and Fire Spread Time (FST). Results show that, the performance of simulation was acceptable by the similarity of spread behavior between the real and simulated fires . However, the burned area predicted by the model was overestimated

Keywords: Forest fires, FFSM-GIS model, Latakia Governorate, Forest simulation, Geographic information system.

Full Paper in Arabic: pdf

Ammar Abbas⁽¹⁾ * Mohammad Nizam⁽¹⁾ and Nisreen deeb⁽¹⁾

(1). Agriculture research center of Lattakia, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: E-Mail ammarabbas1984@hotmail.com,   00963991978115).

Received:  1/10/2024                                Accepted:9/02/2025

Abstract: 

The research was conducted based on data from Al-Basel Airport climate station in Lattakia to study and analyze the climatic factors and identify their changes during the study years (1985-1986 and 2019-2020).The temperature, precipitation, and relative humidity were studied by calculating the monthly, annual, and seasonal amounts and the monthly and annual average during all study years.The results indicated to fluctuations in temperatures, and 54% of the annual average temperature was higher than the general average, and the autumn season was the highest compared to the general average.The study of precipitation also showed fluctuations in values, and December was the most value (189.15) mm, and May was the most frequent drought with a percentage of (54.7)%.50% of the years had precipitation (788.1) mm based on the rainfall probability.As for relative humidity, the values showed a clear variation and the highest values were in the year (2012-2013) where it  reached (71.4)%.Spring has the highest relative humidity at (54.3) % of the total years.By studying the relationship between the previous factors, it was found that the temperature curve is opposite to the precipitation curve and partially in line with the relative humidity curve.

Keywords: Climatic parameters, Temperature, Precipitation, Relative humidity, Meteorological station.

Full Paper in Arabic: pdf

Abdulmalek Alsaier * ⁽¹⁾, Zakaria Hassani ⁽¹⁾ , Badr AL-deen Jalab ⁽²⁾ and Moustafa Mazen Atri ⁽²⁾  

(1).Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria.

(2). Department of Natural Resources, Agricultural Research Center in Aleppo, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research.

(*Corresponding author:Abdulmalek Alsaier. E-Mail:malekalsayer66@gmail.com).

Received: 23/09/2024                Accepted: 24/02/2025

Abstract: 

This study was conducted during the two seasons (2022-2023). The field experiment was carried out in a private farm in Deir Hafer area – Rasm Abboud village, to study the effect of foliar spraying with Nano iron prepared using the leaf extract of the azdrecht plant at three concentrations (50, 75, 100 mg/L), and to compare them with foliar spraying with iron sulfate at three concentrations (100, 150, 200 mg/L). The results of the study showed the positive effect of the Nano iron and iron sulfate treatments in the both seasons, as all treatments outperformed the control without spraying and the control sprayed with water only, for most of the indicators studied, and the treatment (Nano Fe 100) average weight tree productivity, average percentage of total soluble solids and reducing sugars, (73.48 Kg, 21.56 %,18.62 %), The lowest values were for the control without spraying and the control sprayed with water only.

Keywords: Nano iron, Iron sulfate, Foliar spray, Grape trees, White Shami.

Full Paper in Arabic: pdf