Loubna Nasr Haidar*(1)
(1).Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria.
(*Corrsponding author: Dr. Lounna Nasr Haidar. E-Mail: lubnanaser82@gmail.com).
Received: 12/07/2019 Accepted: 07/03/2020

Abstract

The present research was carried out at the Agricultural Scientific Research Center in Al Gab, Hama Governorate, Syria, to study the effect of the tapping method of roots (two methods, Convex and Horizontal) using 4 different levels of cutting (cutting at the green leaf stalk of crown, cutting at1cm below the green leaf stalk of crown cutting at 2cm below the green leaf stalk of crown, and cutting at 3 cm below the green leaf stalk of crown) on the production of sugar beet. The experiment was laid, according to split-split block design with three replications. Paradi variety was used in winter date during the seasons 2008 and 2009. The results of this research showed that: the convex tapping method gave a significant increase in root yield of sugar beet (70.2 t/ha) and , sucrose (15.42%), purity (80.39%), theoretical sugar (9.69 t/ha), extractable sugar (7.77 t/ha) and root weight (810 g). Also, the results showed that: the treatment of cutting at the green leaf stalk of the grown gave a significant increase in root yield (73.01 t/ha), sucrose(14.23%), polarity (15.62%), Brix (19.43%), purity % (80.42%), theoretical sugar (8.45 t/ha), extractable sugar (8.45 t/ha) and root weight (820 g).
Keyword: sugar beet, levels of cutting, Tapping method.
Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Jasim Mohammed Aziz Al Jobouri* ⁽¹⁾ and Pashtiwan Hama Ali Abdalkarim⁽²⁾    

 (1).Collage of Agriculture -Tikrit University- Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research Iraq.

(2).Seed Testing and Certification Directorate, Iraq.

(*Corrsponding author: Dr. Prof. Jasim M. Aziz al-Jobouri, Email: jasim2017@ tu.edu.iq).

Received: 28/10/2020                                Accepted: 18/01/2021

Abstract

The research was carried out in two agricultural seasons 2017-2018 and 2018-2019 in three different locations (Kirkuk, Salah Al-Din, and Cham Chamal in Sulaymaniyah). The research included twelve varieties of Bread wheat in order to evaluate them in these sites. The experiment was carried out with a randomized complete block design RCBD with three replications. The results of the analysis of variance showed that varieties x the seasons interaction was significant in all of the studied traits. Wafia variety gave the largest number of spikes per square foot (395.1 spikes). We also distinguish the lesser variety Adna99 in this row (355.8 spikes and weighting thousand grains (40.3 g) and the number of grains per spike (50.3 grains), which contributed to its superiority in the grain yield (5.024 tons’ ha^-1). Al-Fayyad was classified with a grain yield (4.740 tons ha^-1), and it was also superior to the area of ​​the flag leaf (49.7cm²), the number of spike grains and the weight of a thousand grains (58.8 and 41.0 g), respectively, and the Adna99 and API99 varieties exceeded in the percentage of protein (14.54% 14.5%) respectively. As for the percentage of gluten, it distinguishes the ARAS variety by 34.55%. The insignificance of triple interaction gives an indication of the stability of the varieties for the sites as they behave similarly to them.

Keyword: Genotype × Environment Interaction, Bread Wheat, Iraq

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Rawaa Aoush* ⁽¹⁾, Faysal Bakkour ⁽²⁾ and Lina AL-Nadaf ⁽²⁾

(1). Biotechnology Research Center, Homas, Syria.

(2). Faculty of Agriculture , Albaath University Homas, Syria.

(*Corrsponding author: Rawaa Aoush. E-Mail: rawaayoush1987@gmail.com).

Received: 16/09/2020                                Accepted: 28/01/2021

Abstract

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum.L) is one of the most important leguminous crops in the world, drought is one of the most important abiotic stress that limit plant production as a whole, and it causes morphological, physiological, biochemical and molecular changes in plants, field study was carried out in the village of Jandar in  Homs, and chemical analyzes were conducted at the Biotechnology Research Center of Al-Baath University in 2019, with the aim of studying the change in some biochemical characteristics (the content of the leaves of proline (pro) – hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) – the activity of the enzyme catalase (CAT). Under drought stress, and to determine the possibility of adopting these indicators as a rapid detection method for the tolerant genotypes for later use in breeding programs. Seeds were sown in polyethylene pot and placed under a transparent canopy to avoid rain, completely randomized design was used in the experiments (CRD), and with three replications, and Irrigation was carried out regularly when ground moisture reached to 75% of the field capacity of non-stressed plants and 40% for stressed plants. The aforementioned indicators were studied at the flowering stage, and the results showed a significant increase in all the studied traits under stress when compared to the irrigated control. The tolerant Genotypes (Gap 5 and Gap 4) showed a significantly higher percentage of catalase increase compared to the two sensitive models and a lower percentage increase of free radical hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) under stress conditions, Whereas the role of proline varied between genotypes, it was significantly lower in the tolerant genotype GAP5  and significantly higher in the sensitive genotype LIC3279, while its content was significantly higher for the tolerant genotype GAP 4 compared to the sensitive Genotype Spring Municipal which indicates that the role that proline plays when exposed to stress It should be supported by an integrated antioxidant system as it is either evidence of tolerance or anaphylaxis and depletion of photosynthetic products.

Keyword: Chickpeas – Drought stress – Catalase – Proline – Hydrogen peroxide.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Ahmed soufi ⃰⁽¹⁾ Majd Darwish*⁽¹⁾ and Nizar Moalla⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(* Corresponding author: Majd Darwish, E-mail: majds26@yahoo.com).

Abstract:

  The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse at the Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University- Lattakia-Syria during the agricultural season 2019, by the cultivation of basil seedlings in plastic pots that were distributed according to the randomized complete design (CRD) with three replicates per treatment. The aim research was to study the effect of salicylic acid (SA) (1, 5 and 10 mM) on plant growth, development and productivity of basilica (Ocimum basilicum L.) plants, that were treated by SA spray before NaCl treatment (6, 12 and 18 dS/cm) with two weeks. So, the morphological (plant height (cm), number of branches (branch/plant) and stem diameter (cm), the physiological (leaf area cm²/plant and net assimilation rate (mg/cm²/day), the biochemical (chlorophyll and carotenoids contents (µg/g FW), proline content (µg/g FW) and malonyldialdehyde (MDA) (nmol/g FW)) and the productivity characteristics (fresh and dry leaves yield (g/plant) have been studied. The treatment with salt, especially at the high concentration, conducted to negative effects in the growth and the productivity of basil. The treatment with salicylic acid, especially at 1 and 5 mM, increased the growth and productivity of basil, as indicated in all the studied traits and characteristics. The salicylic acid pretreatment, particularly at 1 and 5 mM, also improved the growth and productivity of basil plant, and increased its tolerance to salt stress. Taken together, the salicylic acid spray, at 1-5 mM concentrations on basil seedlings, can be suggested to improve the plant growth, the fresh and dry leaves and the basil tolerance to salt stress.

  Keywords: Ocimum basilicum L., Salicylic acid, Salt stress.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Haba ALatrash⃰⁽²⁾, Mohamad Shfiek Hakim⁽¹⁾, Abdulah ALYoussef⁽²⁾  Mohamad Hamndosh⁽¹⁾and Ahmad Shaaban⁽³⁾

(1)- Dept. of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Aleppo University

(2)- General commission for scientific Agriculture research

(3)- Dept. of Biotech Engineering, Faculty of Technological Engineering, Aleppo
University

(*Corrsponding author: Hiba Al-Atrash. Email: hiba.fad.16@gmail.com).

Received: 07/12/2019                                Accepted: 11/01/2020

Abstract

• The study was carried out at AL-Sfireh location, Scientific Agriculture Research Center in Aleppo, GCSAR, during 2016/2017 season, in order to select drought tolerance chickpea genotypes. (28) chickpea genotypes and two checks (Ghab4 and Ghab5) were planted in tow experiments (under water stress and irrigated conditions) in randomized complete block design with tow replications. The seed yield trait and the decrease in yield under water stress condition were estimated. Drought tolerance indices mean productivity (MP), geometric mean productivity (GMP), yield index (YI), tolerance index (TOL), stress susceptibility index (SSI). The correlation between tolerance indices and yield trait under both treatments was estimated for determined the most effective indices which were used to estimate Principal component analysis (PCA) for genotypes in order to divided into groups based on drought tolerant. The data were analyzed by (GGB)Biplot design to identify the best genotype under the two water conditions. The results showed significant lose in grain yield between the genotypes, where the genotype (23) showed highest grain yield under water stress (459.9) g, whereas the genotype (14) showed highest yield under irrigated condition (638.7) g. The STI, MP, HM and GMP were the superior criteria for selection of high yielding genotypes and these genotypes (3،14،18،23) were found to be superior genotypes based on drought indices. Principal component analysis based on drought tolerance explained 99% of the variation. Further, group-1 was characterized to have the genotypes with superior performance under the two water conditions, which included the genotypes (3، 4، 10، 11، 12، 14، 17، 18 and 23). Based on (GGB) biplot analysis, the genotypes (23 and 14) were declared as most stable and high yield under both water conditions.

Keyword: Cicer arietinum, Drought Tolerance Indices, Principal component
analysis, (GGB) biplot

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Issa Nour al-Din Kabibou⁽¹⁾, Jamil Ibrahim Abbas⁽¹⁾, and Anje Amin Mahmoud^*(1)

(1). Department of Soil and Water, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

 (* Corresponding author: Anje Amin Mahmoud Email: anjemahmoud@gmail.com 0933969945)

Received: 23/06/2020                   Accepted: 10/12/2020

Abstract  

The purpose of this study is to determine the water quality of the 16 Tishreen Dam Lake and the water outlet of the lake (Ain Al Baida irrigation tunnel) to find out the possibility of diverting part of the lake water to the drinking water network in Lattakia city. Water samples were taken seasonally for analysis to determine the suitability for drinking from three sites, namely the northern inlet to the lake (Ghamam Bridge), the 16 Tishreen Dam Lake, and the Ain al-Bayda irrigation tunnel during the period 2018 and 2019. the standard plate count agar procedure was used for analyzing samples for heterotrophic bacteria (HPC). Water quality parameters (pH, Tur, NO3^–, NO2^–, NH4⁺, PO4^-3, and TOC) for the same samples were measured. Results showed significant differences for (HPC). The highest count was (40* 10^-2 CFU/ ml) in the river water, and spatial analysis showed that the (HPC) for the river samples correlate with NH4⁺ (r =0.71).  Then decreased in the water of the dam lake because of stratification, with a linear correlation with turbidity (r =0.87). Then increased again in the tunnel, with respect to phosphate relationship with HPC (r =0.91). Therefore, the treatment plant must be established in order to connect it to the drinking water network.

Keywords, Heterotrophic bacteria, Water quality, Al Kabeer Al Shamali River, 16 Tishreen Dam Lake, Ain al- Bayda irrigation tunnel, Treatment plant.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Muhannad Muna* ⁽¹⁾, Faisal Maya⁽²⁾, Osman Kaheel⁽³⁾

(1). General Commission of Scientific Agricultural  Research – Lattakia research center, Syria.

(2).Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Damascus University, Syria.

(3). General Commission of Scientific Agricultural  Research, Animal Production,  Damascus, Syria.

 (*Corrsponding author: Muhannad Muna. E-Mail:muhannadmuna@yahoo.com).

Received: 04/02/2020                               Accepted: 23/03/2019

Abstract

This study was carried out at Sheep Section of Shami Camel Research Station, Damascus, Syria in 2012. Thirty Awassi lambs homogenous in terms of age (142.7±10.69 day) and weight (28.3±1.67 kg) were selected to determine the effect of adding probiotic (EMOTIC) on some productive parameters. The lambs were randomly divided into five groups. All housing and management conditions were similar for all animals throughout experiment period (91 days). The first group T (control), first experimental group T₁ and second experimental T₂ were fed on basic ration (85.8% concentrate and 14.2% wheat straw on dry matter (DM) basis), while T₃ and T₄ were fed with another rate (79% concentrate and 21% wheat straw on DM basis). All experimental groups were supplemented with probiotic at levels of 2g/head/day for T₁ and T₃, and 3g/head/day for T₂ and T₄. The results showed that the total weight gain TWG of lambs of T₁, T₂, T₃ and T₄ were (23.17±0.78, 23.58±0.84, 21.52±0.34 and 22.4±0.67) respectively. The TWG values were significantly higher (P ≤ 0.05) than that of T (17.87±1.06 ). No significant differences in dry matter intake. The feed conversion ratio FCR was the lowest in T₂ (5.33±0.43) and it was lower (P ≤ 0.05) in all experimental groups in comparison with T. The cost of feed for each kg body weight gain values were lower in the fourth experimental groups by 17.5, 16.21, 11.8 and 12.41% respectively vs T. The gain of each sold lamb was .high in all experimental groups vs control, and it was the highest in T₂ (1948 SP) which, was higher than T by 87.74%. It could be concluded that using Emotic as probiotic at level of 3 g/head/day had high body gain and low feed conversion, in addition to better economic efficiency, while the level 2 g/head/day had the lowest feeding cost.

Keyword: Awassi lamb, Probiotic, Feed conversion, Total weight gain,
 Economic efficiency.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Zahra Ibrahim El-Gali^*(1), and Amina Abdul-Hamied Saad⁽¹⁾

(1).Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Omer Al-Mukhtar University, El-Beida, Libya.

(*corresponding, Zahra El-Gali, E. mail: Zahra.Ibrahim@omu.edu.ly)

Received: 19/09/2020                              Accepted:15 /10/2020

Abstract

This study was conducted during the year 2018-2019 in plant pathology laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Omer Al-Mukhtar University, with the aim of detection the ability of some local isolates fungi Botrytis cinerea, Macrophominaphaseolina, Rhizoctoniasolani, Sclerotiniasclerotiorumand Trichodermaharzianum to produced hydrolysis enzymes such as cellulose, amylase and pectinase in solids media, as well as testingtheir ability to Indol-3-acetic acid (IAA) growth regulator secretion in Czapek brothmedia amended with tryptophan. Observations showed that fungal species were significantly differed for their ability to produce lytic enzymes. All the isolated fungi had the capacity to cellulase enzyme production in solid media and the all of them also were able to amylase enzyme production, except B. cinerea, while T. harzianumwas be not produce of pectinase enzyme. harzianum gave the highest capability for the production of cellulase (2.9cm) and amylase(4.5cm) enzymes, while M. phaseolinagave the highest (2.4cm) in pectinase production. The production ability was reflected on degradation indicator and degree of degradation. Concerning with growth regulator the results showed that T. harzianum only was able on Indol-3-acetic acid secretion.

Keywords: Fungi, lytic enzymes, growth regulators, IAA, Libya.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Mohammad S .Ibrahim^(1)*  ,Yaser A. Hammad ⁽¹⁾ and  Salim Raahe⁽²⁾

(1). Soil and Water Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Latakia, Syria.

(2). Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Latakia, Syria

 (*Corresponding author: Mohammad. S. Ibrahim. E-Mail: mohammad.ibrahim@tishreen.edu.sy).

Received: 24/07/2019                               Accepted: 25/08/2019

Abstract

This study is aimed to study the effect of using four species of bacteria (PGPR) Azotobacter chroococcum, Rhizobium leguminosarum, Bacillus megaterium and Frateuria aurantia on growth, and reducing the effect of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) on pepper plants in a greenhouse experiment. The observed growth parameters were: (surface leaf area, its index, concentration of vitamin C, and concentration of salicylic acid) in a greenhouse expirment in Tartous in the season 2016/2017. The results revealed that the inoculation single or mixed led to significant increasing in the whole treatments compared with the non-inoculated healthy control, and the effect of CMV in the inoculated plants was reduced and increasing in growth parameters compared with the non-inoculated healthy control. However, the single inoculation with Frateuria aurantia gave the best significant increasing compared with the other strains Bacillus megaterium, Rhizobium leguminosarum and Azotobacter chroococcum and the treatment of the four bacterial species was the best and with significant differences The surface leaf area was 9843 cm²/ plant, and its index was 1.96 m²/m². The concentration of vitamin C in the peppers was 228 mg /100 g. The concentration of salicylic acid in the leaves of the peppers was 82.87 μg / g fresh.

Keyword: PGPR, CMV, Pepper, Inoculation.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Komait Al-Htra^*(1) and Abdul Rahman Khafteh ⁽¹⁾

(1).Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Syria.

  (*Corresponding author:Komait Al-Htra. E-Mail: komaitalhtra@gmail.com )

Received: 13/06/2019                    Accepted: 07/07/2019

Abstract

This study was conducted at Al-Hanadi forest nursery during the season 2017-2018 to identify the soil fungi causing the diseases of Evergreen Cypress seedling and determine the symptoms with estimating of their incidence and severity. Six fungal genera were isolated and purified from the bed soil and the roots of Evergreen Cypress. These genera namely, Fusarium, Aspergillus, Macrophomina, Verticillium, Cladosporium and Phoma. Fusarium was the most frequent in the soil compared to all other fungi and its incidence percentage was 28.5- 25% on the roots of the Evergreen Cypress seedling aged 4 and 12 months, respectively. The percentages of infection and severity were gradually increased with temperatures rising to reach the highest in June 10.1 & 4.6% for Evergreen Cypress seedling, respectively.

Keywords: Cupressus sempervirens, Soil fungi, Roots rot.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF