Mohammed Alsharhi * ⁽¹⁾, Abdoul Aziz Zabal⁽²⁾and Noofal I. Bayaqoob⁽³⁾

(1).Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Thamar University, Yemen.

(2). Ministry of Agriculture & Irrigation, Yemen.

(3).Honey bee center, Hadramout University, Yemen.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Mohammed Alsharhi, E.mail,alsharhi@gmail.com).

Received: 23/10/2020                                Accepted: 01/2/2021

Abstract

A pollen analytical study of Yemeni honey provides a basis for identifying the origins of a honey in terms of locality and floral source: The information may be used to develop analytical standards for pollen, contributing to quality control of a product offered for export or for the home market.  Pollen analysis was carried out 68 Yemeni honey samples collected in two years (2016-2017) from Shabwah, Yemen. Pollen grains were extracted from honey samples by centrifugation, and then the process of quantitative and qualitative evaluation of pollen grains was performed under a microscopie counting slide. The results of the study showed that Sidr honey from Shabwah, Yemen is considered a mono floral honey with a high content of Sidr pollen grains, where the percentage of Sidr pollen is 63%, with an average of 48,294 Sidr pollen grains per 10 gm, and 76667 total pollen grains for every 10 g of honey. Secondary pollen associated with Sidr pollen grains can be considered a geographical source of Yemeni Sidr honey produced from Shabwa, Yemen. The results also indicated a negative correlation between the price of honey and the content of honey from Prosopis pollen and the presence of a sugar feeding during the nectar season.

Keyword: Yemeni Sider Honey, Melissopalynology, Botanical origin, Geographical Origin, Shabwah, Yemen

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Maya Al-Abdala^*1, Safwan Abou Assaf  ¹, Afraa Sallowm²  

(1). Socio Economic Directorate, Swaida Research Center, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria.

(2). Department Of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Maya Al-Abdala . E-Mail: mayaabdala6@gmail.comm).

Received: 16/11/2019                                Accepted: 28/12/2020

Abstract

The research aimed to identify the most important economic factors affecting the production of broiler in As- Swaida under the current production conditions, using a questionnaire targeting broiler farmers in As- Swaida  in 2018 season, through a random sample of 50% of the studied statistical community, where the Cop-Douglas function was adopted to estimate the broiler production function in As- Swaida governorate. أThe results showed that the independent variables that were included in the model explained 96% of the changes in the total broiler production, where the parameters of the actual number of chicks, number of bags and the amount of drinking water were positive, which is consistent with the economic logic. The production elasticities of these variables indicated that each increase of 1% leads to an increase in output of 0.824, 0.163 and 0.169, respectively, while the loss of chicks negatively affected production. أThe return to capacity had shown to be greater than one, which indicated that this return was taking an increasing trend, which indicated that production was still in the first stage of production, and that any increase in the operating rates of some of these factors will lead to a larger relative increase in production. As the economic efficiency was achieved in terms of the number of chicks, where r is greater than one and therefore the addition of the element should be increased because there was an opportunity for additional profits, and unrealized for the elements of the number of sawdust and litter bags and the number of water trailers, because r less than one, and therefore the product should reduce the addition production component.

Keyword: Cobb-Douglas Function, Marginal Product, Elasticity, Economic  Efficiency, Broiler.ms.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Khetam Edress* ⁽¹⁾ and Nissren Edress ⁽¹⁾

(1). Homs Center For Scientific Agricultural Research, General commission For scientific Agricultural   research (GCSAR), Syria.

(*Corrsponding author: Khetam Edress. E-Mail: Vera_naya@yahoo.com).

Received: 19/11/2019                                Accepted: 13/1/2020

Abstract

The objective of the research is to study the impact of the Syrian crisis on various aspects related to the social, economic and cultural conditions affecting women’s decision on food processing at home. Primary data were collected using a questionnaire for rural married women in agricultural families affected by the crisis in Homs Governorate during 2017. The sample size was (150). The research employed descriptive analysis, Chi Square, Gamma and Kramer coefficient to study the correlation relationships. In addition, ordinal regression was used to determine the most important variables affecting the decision of women on food processing. An index, of the role of women in improving household income through domestic agriculture and local traditional industries, was built using literature review and previous relevant studies. The results showed that (34%) of women have a low role and (30%) have an average role while (36%) have a high role in improving the income of their families,   as  showed significant positive relations between women`s motivation for work and cultural openness, the extent to which women own land and animals, the number of females aged 14 within the family and the role of women in improving the household income. This relationship was negative with standard of living of these families. It was concluded that women`s work had a good impact on empowerment of rural women and activating their economic and social role.  In addition, it increased household income improving the standard of living.

Keyword: Rural woman, Empowerment, domestic food processing, ordinal regression.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Basma Alatrach*⁽¹⁾   Iskandar Ismail ⁽²⁾

(1).Pome and Grapevine Division, Agriculture Scientific Research Center in Sweida, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research GCSAR,Sweida, Syria.

(2). Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, University of Damascus, Damascus, Syria.

(*Corrsponding author: Eng. Basma Alatrach. E-Mail: Basma.alatrach@gmail.com).

Received: 31/10/2020                                Accepted: 18/01/2021

Abstract

This research aimed to study the reality of grape cultivation and production in the Sweida Governorate, through the economic analysis of the costs and revenues of grapes to estimate some of the most important financial indicators. Through a questionnaire distributed to 68 grape growers in the main villages during 2018 season. The results revealed that a dunum of planted grapes cost 65871.40 SP, as the plowing and control operations occupied 15.01% and 14.20%, respectively, of the production costs. The Revenues reached 70745.49 SP, that is, it covers all production costs and achieves a net profit of 4874.09 SP. The economic efficiency index also reached 1.07. The area planted with grapes in Sweida insignificant increase by 2.77%, and then significantly decreased at the level of 5% by 55,66 hectares, to increase again, While production insignificant decreased by 4181,58 tons, then significant increased at the level of 5% by 0.83%. The most prominent problem facing grape farmers was the high prices of pesticides, as 85.30% of them suffered from them, while 66.18% of them faced the problem of a shortage of fuel distributed.

Keyword: Grapes, Production costs, Economic efficiency, Sweida .

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Alaa Khallouf*¹, Abd ElMuhsen Meri², Samiha Mahmoud³, Amira Khazal³, Dima Al-Sied³

• Administration of Natural Resources Research- General Commission for scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR). Damascus, Syria.
• Administration of horticulture Research- General Commission for scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria..
• Homs Research Center- General Commission for scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Homs, Syria.

(* corresponding author:  A. Khallouf E-mail:  alaakhallouf@gmail.com)

Received: 15/08/2020        Accepted: 14/9 /2020

Abstract

The research was carried out in plots at Natural Resources Research Department- Homs Research Center- General commission for Agricultural Scientific Research, during the 2017/2018 season. It aimed to study some phenological and morphological characteristics and the nitrogen fixation efficiency of some pea genotypes under Homs Governorate conditions. 20 genotypes were used in addition to two local introduced varieties as control C1 and C2. The amount of nitrogen fixation was determined using the N-difference method. The study demonstrated that A14 and A12 genotypes were the earliest to complete germination (16.8-17.5 days) respectively, while the genotypes A15 and A17 were the earliest to reach maximum flowering (63.3- 63.9 days) respectively. The experiment also showed that the genotype A14 had the most effective bacterial nodes number with (24.3 nodes/ plant) with significantly differences from the genotype A5. As for the efficiency of genotypes in nitrogen fixation, the study showed that the genotype A5 was the most efficient in fixing atmospheric nitrogen at a rate of (81.68 Kg N/ha), followed by A14 genotype (71.46 Kg N/ha) and the rest of the genotypes. Therefore, both genotypes A5 and A14 may be included in genetic improvement programs to obtain high-efficiency of atmospheric nitrogen fixation and thus reduce the use of chemical fertilizers.

Keywords: Phenological and morphological traits, Atmospheric nitrogen fixation, Effective bacterial nodes, Pea.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Maher AlAbrash ⃰^(1), Yahia Kamari⁽²⁾, Mahmoud Khudour⁽¹⁾

(1)- Dept. of Horticulture. Faculty of Agriculture, University of Aleppo. Aleppo, Syria

(2)- Aleppo Research Center , General Community for Scientific Agriculture Research,\ (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria.

(*Corrsponding author: Maher AlAbrash. Email: Almaher99a@gmail.com).

Received: 27/11/2019                                Accepted: 17/01/2020

Abstract

The research was carried out at privet nursery in Homs, study  the effect of the type of cuttings (young, half-wooded and wooded), planting date (spring and autumn) and IBA concentrations (0,1000,2000,4000,6000 and 8000) mg.liter ^-1 on some rooting criteria of Pyracanth cuttings which were taken from two genotypes (red and orange),to determe the optimal treatment and the optimal date for vegetative propagation. The cuttings was implanted into containers containing perlite to monitor rooting, with three replications per treatment and each repeater contained eleven cutting. The studied characteristics were:  Rooting ratio, rooting start date, average number of roots and rooting success rate. Variation analysis was performed and averages were compared using the value of the LSD at 0.05 using Genstat V12.0. The results showed the superiority of the half-wooded and wooded cutting over the young cutting in rooting ratio and superiority concentration of IBA 2000 mg.liter ^-1 on the other of the concentrations relative to the studied standards for those two genotypes of cutting. The rooting ratio reached 100% at this concentration of IBA for half-wooded and wooded cutting in both genotypes and planting dates. While the concentration exceeded 4000 mg.liter ^-1  on the rest of the concentrations for the young cutting for most of the studied standards was the highest rooting rate for the young cutting was 87.9% and was taken from the orange model in the spring. No significant differences were observed between the studied treatments for the mean number of roots in addition, there were no significant differences between the red and orange genotypes in the most of the studied treatments.

Keyword: Pyracantha, vegetative propagation, IBA, planting date.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Kamel Khalil, Wafaa Rajab, Ali Thabet, Kamel Ghadeer

(1)- Environmental Prevention Department, Higher Institute for Environmental
Research, Tishreen University.

(2)- Department of Renewable Natural Resources and Ecology, Faculty of Agriculture,
University of Aleppo.

(*Corrsponding author: Kamel Khalil. Email: d.kamelkhalil@tishreen.edu.sy).

Received: 29/06/2020                                Accepted: 01/09/2020

Abstract

Plant biodiversity has been studied in Khribat Al-Qala’a Forest (Jabal Al-Arbaeen) of the Qardaha-Lattakia region in 2017, which was subjected to a fire in 2007. The study included 5 Releves (surveys) of burnt plant and 5 releves of unburnt plants in all exposures. Plant diversity indices (specific richness, Shannon and Sorenson) and some site characteristics were used to find out the effect of fire on plant diversity. The results showed that the fire led to an increase in plant diversity in all parts of the forest. This increase was positive in the northern and western exposures where the forest maintained its qualitative composition in addition to the new species, while in the southern and eastern exposures was negative due to the spread of spiny and indicators of degradation species at the expense of the main species of the forest and this is due to site conditions where these exposures are characterized by high slopes and a high concentration of calcium carbonate.

Keyword: Plant biodiversity, Forest fire, Lattakia, Syria.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Nabila kridi* ⁽¹⁾ Muhammad Manhal AL-Zoubi ⁽¹⁾ Muhammud Abogora⁽²⁾Mohamed Said Al-Shater ⁽²⁾

(1). Administration of Natural Resources Research, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria

(2). Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Damascus University, Damascus,  Syria   

(*Corresponding author: Nabila kride. E-Mail: nabilakridi@hotmail.com).

Received: 24/3/2020          Accepted: 08/ 07/2020

Abstract

 The availability of large quantities of olive mill waste water and the difficulty of disposal, and the random addition of agricultural soils as organic fertilizer led to the contamination of the soil with phenolic compounds and poisoned plants and microorganisms. Phenolic compounds olive mill waste water isolated from olive mill waste water and saturated soils, and from colonies that appear on the roofs of pots keep the olives home. The ability of isolated microorganisms to dismantle phenolic compounds was tested by planting them in nutrient media containing phenolic compounds as the sole carbon source. The ten isolates were incubated with unsterile Olive Mill Waste Water and after sterilization by filtration method for 21 days with a control sample without isolation.

 The results showed that isolated microorganisms were able to more the proportion of phenolic compounds decompose to the control in different proportions, the (non-sterile) was able to decompose the phenolic compounds by 7.78% compared to the sterilizer. The fungus also outperformed the bacteria in its ability to reduce the concentration of phenols, where Penicillium sp significantly outperformed the other isolates in olive mill waste water (sterile and non-sterile), followed by Aspergillus flavos, then Pseudomonas sp and Bacillus sp. The rest of the isolates were less effective in the decomposition. The most effective isolates can be used to reduce the content of olive mill waste water from toxic phenolic compounds and the biological treatment of soils contaminated with this substance.

 Keywords: Biodegradation, bacteria, fungi, olive mill waste water, phenol

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Jina Eskef *⁽¹⁾_, Jihad Ibrahim ⁽¹⁾, Rabei Zaineh⁽²⁾  and Nabil Habib⁽¹⁾

(1)- Dept. of soil and water, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University. Lattakia, Syria.

(2)- Lattakia center, General commission for scientific Agriculture research (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria

(3) Dept. of Field crop, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University. Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corrsponding author: Jina Eskef. E-mail: Jina.Eskef@gmail.com).

Received: 18/9/2019          Accepted: 14/7 /2020

Abstract:

The research was conducted in Lattakia ( at Dabba research station) in clay-loam soil,  it had designed as Randomized Complete Block Design ( 6 treatments and 3 replicates for each treatment) the soil was exposed to three levels of pressure (0, 187.5, 307.4 ) Kpa respectively, then the compressed soil was tilled up to 20cm in depth homogeneously and the subsurface soil remained compressed  in different levels, a mechanical disassembly for compressed subsurface soil was conducted at shrinkage limit (SL) via mechanical disassembly in addition to control treatment without disassembly. The study showed a significant increase in bulk density by increasing the pressure and the highest value was at 307.4 Kpa, the disassembly led to decrease it significantly by 0.11 and 0.17 g/cm³ at the pressure levels 187.5 and 307.4 Kpa respectively. That confirm the important role of disassembly by moving the layers of compressed subsurface soil. Also, the mechanical disassembly led to a significant increase in the bulk of macro porosity by 4.17% at 187.5 Kpa and 6.44% at 307.4 Kpa compared with no disassembly treatments. As well as the pores which their diameter more than 10µm increased by 3.78 and 6.7% at the pressure levels of 187.5 and 307.4 Kpa respectively. The soil compacting led to decrease in the size of pores that contains the available water capacity by 3.69% and the mechanical disassembly increased these pores by 2.91% at 307.4 Kpa. Also, the soil compacting and increasing its density led to decrease the values of saturated conductivity coefficient with increasing the pressure and the value of pressure was 1.17m/day at 187.5 Kpa and decreased to 0.091m/day at 307.4Kpa exceeding the threshold limit value, the disassembly led to a significant increase in its value and the increment value was 0.69 and 1.43m/day at the pressures 187.5 and 307.4 Kpa respectively.

 Keywords: Compression, Subsurface Soil, Mechanical disassembly, physical properties.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Munzer Tamouz ^(1)*, Mahmoud Hasan ⁽¹⁾, and  Gamal Al-Ahmad⁽¹⁾  

(1). Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Munzer Tamouz. E-Mail: munzer.s.tammouz@tishreen.edu.sy ).

Received: 05/10/2020                                          Accepted: 26/10/2020

Abstract:

The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of tow fungicides vis. Defazeem (carbendazim 50%) and Agri sin (thiophanate methyl 70%) on the mycelia growth and conidia spores germination of a local isolate of Botrytis fabae in vitro at Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, during 2017-2018. The same concentrations of each fungicide were used, they ranged from 0.001 to 100 part per million (ppm) (active ingredient) within the nutrient medium (PDA or PDB), according to completely Randomize Design with three replications. The results showed that the tow fungicides had significant effects in inhibiting the radial growth and spores germination, but carbendazim efficacy was significantly more better, because it could inhibit radial growth and spores germination 100 % by the concentration 1 ppm, but it needed 10 ppm, to achieve that efficacy by thiophanate methyl.

Keyword: Pesticides – Botrytis fabae – Vicia faba – Syria

Full paper in Arabic: PDF