Mais Daher* ⁽¹⁾,  Saleh Qabili ^(1), and Sawsan Haifa⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(* Corresponding author: Mais Daher, e-mail: maisdaher00@gmail.com, Tel: 009699467087).

Received: 21/02/2024                     Accepted: 3/10/2023

Abstract: 

The experiment was carried out in the greenhouse of the Faculty of Agricultural Engineering- Tishreen University- Latakia during the 2022/2023 agricultural season by planting seeds of four genetic-environmental types of Lathyrus sativus L.(Latakani, Tartousi, Homsi, and Shami) in plastic bags with a capacity of 5 kg of soil. These bags were distributed according to a completely randomized design with three replicates. The research aimed to evaluate the behavior of some morphological, morphysiological and productive traits of the studied genotypes under different levels of sodium chloride salinity (0, 3, 6, 10 and 15 mmho/cm) in order to determine the effect of salinity levels and the most tolerant genotype for future use in breeding or cultivation programs in lands affected by salinity. The results indicated that the values of all the studied traits decreased significantly (P<0.05), and increasingly proportional to the salt concentrations used (3, 6, 10, 15 mmho/cm). The Homsi genotype was superior in control conditions and under conditions of salt stress, especially at high levels of 10 and 15 mmho/cm, and significantly (P<0.05) in most of the traits studied compared to the other genotypes. The results also showed that the largest percentage decrease under the applied salinity levels was primarily noticeable in the characteristics of plant leaf surface area  at Tartousi genotype (5.07 cm2/plant) at the concentrations of (15 mmho/cm), leaf weight at Tartousi genotype (0.6 g) at the concentrations of (15 mmho/cm), number of branches at Tartousi genotype (2.33 branch /plant) at the concentrations of (15 mmho/cm), pod length at Shami genotype (1cm) at the concentrations of  (15 mmho/cm) and its weight at Tartousi genotype (1g) at the concentrations of (15 mmho/cm) and the number of seeds at Tartousi and Shami genotypes (1.67 g/plant) at the concentrations of (15 mmho/cm) and their weight at Tartousi and Shami genotypes (1g) at the concentrations of (15 mmho/cm). This indicates the possibility for using these traits to screen genotypes that are more tolerant to salt stress. The research concluded to grow Homsi genotype in control conditions, and under salinity conditions, whether at low levels of 3 mmho/cm or high levels of more than 10 mmho/cm, because of its superiority in most of the morphological, morphysiological, and production traits studied.

Keywords: Lathyrus Sativus L.; Morphysiological traits; Productivity; salt stress.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Ahmed Soufi*⁽¹⁾ and Ahmed Darkalt⁽²⁾

(1). Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(2). Department of Renewable natural resources and the environment, Faculty of Agriculture, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria.

(* Corresponding author: Dr. Ahmed Soufi, E-mail: 7mada.movo9@gmail.com, phone: 0991266905).

                             Received: 12/12/2023                Accepted: 12/02/2024

Abstract: 

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of foliar spraying with salicylic acid  on vegetative growth of safflower under saline conditions in Damsarkho village, Latakia, Syria in 2023. A factorial trial based on a randomized complete design (R.C.D.) with three replications was used.  The treatments consisted of four salinity levels (0, 4, 8 and 12 ml/cm2) and four salicylic acid concentrations (0, 0.5, 1 and 1.5 mmol).  Traits such as plant height, number of branches, leaf content of chlorophyll, proline, MDA and number of seeds per plant were measured.  The results of the study showed that salinity levels and salicylate concentrations significantly affected (P<0.05) the studied properties and indicators, and as salinity increased, the properties of all studied indicators decreased.  Comparisons of averages indicated an improvement in the vegetative growth Characteristics, biochemical indicators, and studied plant productivity when treated with salicylic acid, especially at a concentration of 1 mmol.  The interaction between salinity and salicylic acid led to significant effects on the studied indicators. Low concentrations led to a relative improvement in the studied morphological, biochemical and production characteristics, and the A2S1 treatment outperformed all treatments and the control. In contrast, the high concentration led to negative effects.

Keywords: salicylic acid, salt stress, safflower.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Safaa Razouk^*(1), Ghassan Yacoub⁽²⁾ and Wael Habib⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(2). Bouqa Agricultural Research Station, General Commission for Scientific and Agricultural Research, Latakia, Syria.

(*Correspondent: Safaa Razouk. E-mail: alshrookcenter@gmail.com    Phone:0999610342   )

                             Received: 21/12/2023                Accepted: 26/02/2024

Abstract

The study was implemented in Latakia Governorate for the 2021-2022 season, and targeted a random sample of citrus growers of 380 farmers distributed among the citrus growing areas in this governorate. Data were collected using a field interview method according to a preliminary form prepared for this purpose with the aim of identifying the factors affecting risk in… Citrus cultivation, and included data related to production costs, production marketing methods, and technical characteristics of citrus farms, in addition to the economic and social characteristics of these farmers. The research used a descriptive and quantitative analysis methodology using the SPSS program. The results showed that there is a significant risk in citrus production. The percentage of farmers in the risk category in general was about 60.8%. About 28.2% of them were able to overcome these risks and achieved positive deviations in net income compared to the total sample, while 32.1% failed to overcome the risk and were exposed to negative deviations in income. Net resulting from citrus cultivation. The study recommended the necessity of adopting the most environmentally and economically efficient class structure to confront the risk, and reconsidering the class map and updating it to suit changing and emerging risks.

Key words: Risk analysis, Discriminating Analysis, Citrus production.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Salam Ibrahim^(1)*, Wael Habib⁽¹⁾ ,Atie Arab⁽¹⁾ and Ibrahim Abdulla⁽²⁾

(1). Center of Scientific Agricultural Research, Lattakia, Syria.

(2). Department of Agricultural Economics,  Faculty of Agriculture, Hama University.

( *Corresponding author: Dr.Salam Ibrahim; Email : Salamibra2@gmail.com).

Received: 1/10/2023                       Accepted: 23/01/2024

Abstract: 

The study was conducted in 2021, included 30 silkworm breeders in Lattakia ,Tartous, and Hama governorates, and the study aimed to clarify the economic and social importance of the project of mulberry silkworm rearing and natural silk production at the level of producing families in Syria, and to determine the most important problems facing  silk breeders and workers in this field. The Data were analyzed using descriptive and quantitative analysis methods, in order to classified The producing families and determined their economic characteristics. The results showed that The role of women was considered to be major in the silkworm rearing activity with a participation rate of 62.9%. The results also showed that the sericulture project is one of the successful and acceptable projects according to investment and economic efficiency scales, the net profit was 9574 SYP per kilogram of cocoons , and it increased to 232017 SYP per kilogram of silk threads. The total economic efficiency index was 2.8 points for producing cocoons, and increased to 4.4 points for producing silk threads, which explains the preference for the production of silk threads compared to the production of cocoons. The results also showed that breeders face numerous problems and difficulties, including a lack of official interest in supporting and organizing sericulture activities, marketing difficulties, and a shortage of sufficient labor.

Key words: Mulberry silkworm, natural silk, economic efficiency

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Nadia ALKhalaf ^(1)*, Abboud ALJasim⁽¹⁾  and MouhammedALBalekh⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of  Horticulture-agriculture faculty- alfurat University, Syria.

 (^*Corresponding author: Dr. Nadia Alkhalaf. E-Mail: nadiaalkhalaf5@gmail.com)  .

Received: 25/11/2023                       Accepted: 7/01/2024

Abstract: 

The research was conducted in Mrat  village of Deir-Ezzor during 2020 and 2021 seasons. The Aims was Effect Of Spray By Fulvic Acid and addition of the levels of fertilizer recommendation in  Morphology Characters And Yield Of Cucumber . by average Four of Fulvic acid (0, 1000, 2000, 3000) ppm and Five levels of the Ground Mineral fertilization With Macro Elements N,P,K According to the Quantities Recommended  by The Ministry  of Agriculture and Agrarian Reform For Cucumber Crop and Based on the Results  of soil Analysis at The Site of Implementation of Research Where Percentages of this Equation  were used as follows (0 ، 25 ، 50 ، 75 ، 100(%. Splite Plots Design with three replications and Rate of Ten Plants In Refined was used. The Aim of studying: Fulvic acid was using by average (3000) ppm spray on cucumber leafs showed  significant increase for Morphology Characters. And there was a significant increase compared with or to other treatments for most productivity traits. While was significant increase  for  the Level of mineral fertilization 100% compared with or to other treatments for all Morphology Characters traits. And was a significant increase compared with or to other treatments for most  productivity traits. As for the interaction Between them was significant increase for interaction (3000ppm*100%) and (3000ppm*75%) compared with or to other treatments for all Morphology Characters traits . AS for most the Characteristics of Productivity, It was (46.96 fruit/plant) For Number of  Fruit on the one plant and (6326.40 kg/acres) for Total Productivity, While reached (14.40 fruit/plant ) For Number of  Fruit on the one plant and (914.30 kg/acres) for Total Productivity for Treatment of Comparison.

Key words: Fulvic acid, cucumber, Morphology, productivity, Mineral fertilization.  

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Ziad Khouri^(1)* , Mohammad Nizam⁽¹⁾ and Kenda Almohammad ⁽¹⁾

(1). Latakia Research Center, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research GCSAR, Damascus, Syria.

(^*Corresponding author: Dr. Ziad Khouri. E-Mail: khouriz@yahoo.com).

Received: 29/10/2023             Accepted: 22/02/2024

Abstract: 

The research was carried out in Kafron district in Tartous countryside during the year 2019-2020, with the aim of comparing the effect of thinning in the pre bloom using two concentrations of soybean oil (4%, 6%) and hand thinning by (10, 15 and 20 cm) on peach (July elberta cv.) of vegetative and fruitful growth traits compared control. The results showed that improving vegetative and fruitful growth traits due to treatments especially hand thinning treatment by 20 cm and increasing leaf area, length and diameter shoot (44.77 cm²_, 70.33 cm, 0.75 mm) respectively, also this treatment reduced fruit set percentage and fruit firmness compared other treatments and control (44.22%, 11.12 kg/cm²) respectively. Also increased fruit size, productivity, total soluble solids and total sugar compared control (120.33 cm³_, 41.33 kg/tree, 11.15%, 8.44 microgram/ml glucose) respectively.                                                                           

Key words: Peach, July elberta, Soybean oil, Vegetative growth, Thinning, Productivity. 

Full paper in Arabic: PDF 

Kinana Omran⁽¹⁾, Mohammad Battha⁽²⁾ and Ali Elkhateeb⁽³⁾

(1) .Faculty of Science, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria.

(2) .Faculty of Agriculture , Damascus University, Damascus, Syria.

(3).General Commission Agriculture Scientific Research, Lattakia,  Syria.(*Correspondingauthor:KinanaOmran.Email:kinana.omran@damascusuniversity.edu.sy,KINANA6@yahoo.com, 0933472876).

                Received:6/10/2023                   Accepted:6/01/2024

Abstract: 

The research was carried out at the Cyano Citrus Research Station in Jableh, affiliated with the Center for Scientific Agricultural Research in Latakia – the General Authority for Scientific Agricultural Research – the Ministry of Agriculture and Agrarian Reform, during the growing seasons 2018 and 2019, by studying many morphological, production  on the Orange Valencia variety. We used NPK fertilizers, natural fertilizers (cow waste, sheep waste, chicken dung), potassium humate, in addition to minor mineral elements (Boron, zinc, iron, manganese). With the aim of determining the effect of organic and inorganic fertilizers on the growth and productivity of Valencia orange. Fertilizing Valencia orange trees with mineral fertilizers or with different types of organic fertilizers gave good positive results compared to the control, and the use of a mixture of natural fertilizers, whether alone or in interaction with NPK or with humic acids or with foliar spraying with some microelements, has a significant positive effect on all The growth indicators studied, as well as productivity that reached 94.2 kg/tree for the interaction treatment between NPK and the natural fertilizer mixture.

Keywords: Valencia orange variety, natural fertilizers, mineral fertilizer, growth indicators, productivity.

 Full paper in Arabic: PDF

jenan othman⁽¹⁾  , Riad Zidan⁽¹⁾ and Tharaa ali  ⁽¹⁾*

 (1). Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Tharaa Ali, E-Mail: whitecat1991aa@gmail.com ).

Received: 18/12/2023         Accepted:19/02/2024

Abstract: 

The research was  conducted in Tishreen university during the period of  2021/2022  and 2022/2023, to determine the effect  of Nano fertilizers Casper fix and Dima complex  on growth and productivity of Broad Bean Vicia faba L Bareh cultivar. The study included three treatments (T1 control without spraying, T2 spraying with Casper fix 1ml/l, T3 spraying with Dima complex ml/l), The completely randomized design was used with three replications.  The results showed that Tretment 2 spraying with Casper fix gave the superior results with significant difference in the most of vegetative indicators: leaf surface area and indicator,efficieny of photosynthesis, and percentage of fruit set. In addition of , both of  T2 spraying with Casper fix and T3 spraying with Dima complex gave the superior results with significant difference in the total yield (3.067, 3.217)kg/m² respectively, compared to the control(2.147)kg/m² There isn’t any significant difference between the treatments in the content of dry meter, carbohydrate and protein. Whereas, Casper fix the compound the highest value for S.S.T (7.833%), and the least nitrate in pods (73 ml/kg). 

Keywords: Broad bean, Nano fertilizer, Percentage of fruit set, Total yield.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Riad zidan⁽¹⁾, Jihan motawaj⁽²⁾, Hegazi mando⁽³⁾, Samaher Ibrahim⁽¹⁾*

(1). Department of Horticulture, Tishreen University, College of Agriculture, Lattakia, Syria.

(2). General Organization for Seed Multiplication    
(3). National Commission for Biotechnology (NCBT), Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Samaher Ibrahim. E-mail: smhribrahem@gmail.com).

                    Received: 22/10/2023                       Accepted: 13/02/2024

Abstract: 

Agaricus bisporus , by repeating two experiments in the years 2022-2023. It included five treatments: control (without sodium nitrate) , sodium nitrate at concentrations of 2, 3, 4, and 5 g/liter to the malt agar medium, with the aim of studying its effect on the growth of mycelium the mother culture’s. The research was carried out with a completely randomized block design.The results of the average repetition of the experiment twice in a row in the years 2022-2023 showed that all sodium nitrate addition treatments were superior to the control in terms of the start date of mycelium growth, growth speed, and growth coefficient. As for the diameter of the fungal colony, the treatment with the addition of sodium nitrate concentration of 5 g/L was superior, reaching 57.2 mm compared to the control, 52.2 mm. It was also superior in the time period required for the complete growth of the fungal colony, reaching 12.87 days, compared to 19.17 days for the control.

Keywords: agricultural mushrooms, sodium nitrate, supporting the mother culture, growth speed, growth coefficient.

Full paper Arabic: PDF

Anas Kiwan * ⁽¹⁽, Roula Bayerli ⁽²⁾ and Ali Elkhateeb ⁽³⁾

(1). Sweida Research Center, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Syria.

(2). Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Engineering, Damascus University, Syria.

(3). Lattakia Center, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Anas Kiwan. E-mail: anas.kiwan@damascusuniversity.edu.sy).

Received: 27/09/2023         Accepted: 10/10/2024

Abstract: 

This research was carried out at Cyano Research Station, Agricultural Scientific Research Center, Lattakia, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Syria, during two successive seasons, 2020-2021 and 2021-2022 to study the effect of foliar spraying with paclobutrazol (PBZ) on growth of Citrus Jambhiri Lush. seedlings under salt stress conditions. The experiment was designed according to a split-plot design. Five levels of NaCl (0, 8, 16, 24, 32 mS/cm) were applied, and five concentrations of PBZ (0, 250, 500, 1000, 2000 ppm) were foliar sprayed. The results showed that the gradual increase in salt levels resulted a decrease in all the studied parameters. On the other side, the treatment with PBZ improved most of the studied parameters under all studied salt levels. The interaction treatments of PBZ (2000 ppm) and salinity (in all tested levels) showed superiority in average root length (27.54 cm), shoots fresh and dry weight (36.12 g, 14.32 g, respectively), roots fresh and dry weight (31.39 g, 9.89 g, respectively), relative water content (64.82 %), leaf content of chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids  (1.40, 0.74 and 0.52 mg/g FW, respectively), proline accumulation (0.92 mg/g), total soluble sugars (0.58 mg/g), leaves concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (4.34, 0.28, 0.74%, respectively) compared with interaction treatments of  PBZ (0 ppm) and salinity (16.05 cm for root length, 15.94, 5.69 g for shoots fresh and dry weight, 18.45, 5.51 g  roots fresh and dry weight, 52.07% relative water content, 0.97, 0.48, 0.38 mg/g FW chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids, 0.71 mg/g proline, 0.41 mg/g total soluble sugars and 2.84, 0.21, 0.59% NPK concentrations, respectively).

Keywords: Rootstock, Seedlings, Citrus Jambhiri Lush., Salinity, Paclobutrazol.

Full paper in English: PDF