Urwah Suleiman ^(1)* , Nidal Darwich⁽¹⁾, Zuheir Shatter⁽²⁾ and Ghaydaa Barakat⁽³⁾

• Department of Agricultural Economics Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Latakia ,Syria.
• Department of Agricultural Ecology and Forestry, Tishreen University, Latakia, Syria.
• Ministry of Agriculture and Agrarian Reform, Directorate of Agriculture of Latakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Eng. Urwah Suleiman E-mail: sulaimanorwa@gmail.com).

Received: 8/07/2020                                  Accepted: 17/08/2020

Abstract

The research aimed to study the costs of forest afforestation projects in some forest areas affected by fires in Lattakia Governorate. So, the study of the afforestation was carried out at the Ras Al-Basit fire site (Al-Dafla – Al-Issawiya), which occurred on 2/9/2003. Social study is available in many forest fire areas in Lattakia. An analytical descriptive approach was adopted in the study of fire-affected forests and field survey method. A statistical analysis program (19) SPSS was used to calculate studied correlations, quai-square test, conjugation coefficient (PHI), T-test for independent samples, ANOVA bidirectional contrast analysis test, and indicator systems for economic purpose-appropriate. The results indicated that the cost of completing all the forestry works for the studied forest afforestation project (the basic initial costs) amounted to 685180 SP / ha. As for the capital interest, it amounted to about 84092.1 SP / H. It was found that the population type has nothing to do with the logging process because the values ​​of the coupling coefficient value (PHI 0.508, at the significance level (Sig) 0.0001, they have an effect of the level of education on the performance of logging.

Key words: forests – afforestation – primary costs – fires- lattakia.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Hassan Muhammad Taleb *⁽¹⁾

• Animal Production Department-Agricultural Technical Institute- Damascus University.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Hassan Taleb E-Mail enghassan12345@gmail.com)

Received: 8/10/2020                                 Accepted: 4/11/2020

Abstract

The research was took place on 270 chicks of Japanese quails in (Nour) poultry in Jerroud city in the period that extend between 21\8\2020 and 2\10\2020. Birds were distributed randomly at the beginning of the experiment to 9 groups at a rate of 30 chicks for each group and each group distributed to tow repeats, and each repeat have 15 chicks. With age of one day. All conditions of shelter and care were the same for all groups during the care period, which lasted from the age of one day to 6 weeks. But feeding of the birds in the different groups were different as follows: It included nine feed mixtures, each one differing from the other in protein content and the level of addition of acetic acid (3 x 3). The first factor: the effect of the level of crude protein in mixtures, as it decreased and increased by 10% than it was in (NRC1994). The second factor: the effect of the level of acetic acid in the mixtures, as they were added in the following proportions (0.0, 0.1 and 0.2%).The search is (3 × 3). The results of the research showed the following: Using high level of both of crude protein and acetic acid, and the overlapping by them in the mixtures leads to significant superiority with: average live weight index, average food conversion factor index and production number. As it gave the best performance and the highest economic returning

Key words: Japanese quails, Acetic Acid, Food Conversion Factor, level protein.

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Anass Ahmed Al-Muhaimid⁽¹⁾, Kamel Fattal^(2)*, Yahiya Al-Jubaili ⁽¹⁾, and  Mahmud Marwan Alsbbia⁽¹⁾

• Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria.
• General Commission of Scientific Agricultural Research, Aleppo,Syria.

(*Corresponding author:  Dr. Kamel Fattal. E-Mail: kamel1960@gmail.com)

Received: 3/05/2020                                  Accepted: 5/07/2020

Abstract

This study was conducted at Shatha Research Station, north of Sahel Al-Ghab, Affiliated to Hama Governorate, Syria, on/77/acting buffaloes, during the year2018/2019.The data were subjected to the General Linear Model, and a variance Analysis was used to study the effect of both the birth season and the level of milk production in some of its components, using SPSS24. The average percentage of fat, protein, lactose, solids-not-fat (SNF), density and ash were 7.13,3.40,4.61,8.68,27.01and 0.76%, respectively. The results showed that there was a highly signify cant effect of birth season on the percentage of fat, protein and lactose, while the Percentage of total solids, density and ash was not affected. The relationship was Negative and highly significant between the percentage of fat and the level of milk production. The percentage of protein and (SNF) was significantly affected in the amount of milk produced, while the percentage of lactose, density and ash were not affected by the amount of milk produced. It was noted that the protein and lactose content matched the level of milk produced unlike fat and (SNF). The correlation between birth season and milk lipid content was positive and highly significant, negative and significant with protein percentage, negative and unimportant with lactose percentage, positive and non-significant with both solid, density and ash solids. We recommend that it is necessary to: Calculate the educational value of males and arrange them according to preference with regard to the production of milk quantity, and calculate the educational value of males and arrange them according to preference with regard to milk components.

Key words: buffalo, birth season, milk compounds, fat, protein.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Mustafa Haj Hmaidi*(1) and Mohammad Naser Al-Murai (2)
(1). Department of Economic, Faculty of Agriculture, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria.
(2). Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria.
(*Corresponding author: dr. Mustafa Haj Hmaidi E-Mail: mhh4m@yahoo.com).
Received: 13/05/2020 Accepted: 03/06/2020
Abstract
This research was conducted to study the economics of bee keeping projects in Hama governorate during the year of 2018 by using descriptive analysis and financial feasibility. Data was collected form the studied area through questionnaire from a sample of (125 beekeepers). Some descriptive analysis tools were used in this study to determine the values of the most important indicators. The study also used discounted measures in order to make suggestive financial analysis to establish project for bee breeding containing 30 cells. The total cost of bee keeping in the studied area was 30082 SYP. The total revenue was 62350 SYP/per cell/year. Gross margin and farm net-income was 50942 and 37102 SYP/per cell/year, respectively. On the other hand, the economic efficiency and production efficiency reached 2.07 and 5.47, respectively. In addition, economic profitability factor reached 107.27% and commercial profitability factor was 446.55%. It is financially feasible to establish bee-keeping projects in Hama governorate since net present value reached 97904 SYP/per cell. Return-to-cost ratio was 1.32 and Internal Rate of Return (IRR) was 35.83%. Payback period was 2.79 year during project`s life cycle, which was estimated at 15 years. Beekeeping is considered profitable project. It is suggested to give it support in all other Syrian governorates.
Key words: Bee keeping, Financial analysis, Feasibility study, Internal Rate of Return IRR, Return-to-cost ratio, Payback period, Hama governorate.

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Ibtesam Jasem (1)* and Mohamad Anan (2)
(1) General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria.
(2) Department of Mathematical Statistics, faculty of science, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria.
(*Corresponding author: Dr. Ibtesam Jasem E-mail: e_sam_0 @hotmail.com).
Received: 16/05/2020 Accepted: 31/05/2020
Abstract
Forecasting economic variables in order to plan and formulate production policies and food security is one of the most important objectives of quantitative economic studies. Multiple methods may be used for the purpose of obtaining economic forecasts. In this study ARIMA models were used that combine the method of Autoregressive and Integrated Moving Averages of time series with PCA technique in order to forecast the production of citrus fruits and its plantation area in Syria. We opted for the ARIMA models as they are known for a high accuracy regarding analysis of time series. In this article, annual data for production and plantation area in Syria for the period) 1970-2018 (is being used. Further to statistical tests, ARIMA (5,2,0) turned out to be the best model for forecasting citrus production until 2021. Accuracy values for production were 85.3% in case of oranges and 88.3% in case of lemons. This excelled (substantially) accuracy of conventional models we determined. The best model for forecasting the plantation area was ARIMA (1,1,0). Accuracy was 92.7% in case of orange plantation area and 94.2% in case of lemon plantation area. Here too we determined that ARIMA modeling excelled (substantially) accuracy of conventional models.
Keywords: Orange, Lemon, PCA, Forecasting, Box-Jenkines.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Ali Deeb⁽¹⁾, Fahed Sahuny⁽²⁾, Mahasen Tawakalna⁽³⁾, and Yahya Yosef ^(1)*

(1)    Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture,Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.(2)    Horticulture Department, Second College of Agriculture, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria.(3)    Horticulture Department, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Damascus-Syria.(*Corrsponding author: En. Yahya Yosef . E-Mail yahya.yosof@gmail.com).

Received: 1/08/2020                                  Accepted: 21/09/2020

Abstract:The study has been worked out during the years 2019-2020 in (a village in Hawza / Tartous Governorate) in an orchard planted with May crest trees at the age of 9 years in order to study the effect of foliar nutrition with iron compounds (iron chelate Fe-EDTA 13% and aqueous ferrous sulfate Feso4,7H2o) and ascorbic acids Citric and salicylic in the flowering and fruiting of peach trees. Iron, ascorbic and citric acid were sprayed at a concentration of (500 mg / l) each, while salicylic acid was sprayed at a concentration of (150 mg / l), and it was used alone or in combination.-The results showed that foliar application with iron and antioxidants contributed to stimulating flowering and fruiting growth, stabilizing fruiting buds, reducing fruit loss, and increasing production and productivity in both seasons 2019-2020.- The treatment with aqueous ferrous sulfate, iron chelate and salicylic acid gave the best percentages for the initial decade, i.e. the best results for flowering and fruiting, as the two-year averages were (84.73-76.66-76.48) %, respectively, compared to (37.29).-The treatment with aqueous ferrous sulfate gave the best percentage for the final decade, i.e. the best result for flowering and fruiting, as the average of the two years came (83.97), while the control gave (28.37).- Treatment with ascorbic acid gave the best results in terms of production and productivity, as the average of the two seasons was (25.87) kg / tree and (1616.66) kg / dunum, compared to the lowest production and productivity (15.43-964.58). Peaches are considered a greedy plant for the element of iron, and it needs it in large quantities, and it is one of the plants most affected by the deficiency of this element and due to the importance of this plant and the increase in the need for good varieties of it, with attention to export and high economic value. To help get rid of the iron deficiency problem, the research aimed to study the effect of foliar spraying with iron, ascorbic acid, citric and salicylic acid on the flowering and fruiting of May crest trees.

Key words: peaches, foliar application, iron chelate, aqueous ferrous sulfate, ascorbic acid, citric acid, salicylic acid.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

 Abdulkareem M Abd ⁽¹⁾, Asaad R. Al-Hilphy^{* (2)}, and Haider I. Ali ⁽²⁾

(1)Department of Horticulture and Land Scape- College of Agriculture, University of Basrah-Iraq

(2)Department of food Science-college of Agriculture-University of Basrah. Basrah, Iraq.

(*Corresponding author: Asaad al-Hilphy, E-Mail aalhilphy@yahoo.co.uk ).

Received: 5/01/2021                                  Accepted: 14/10/2021

Abstract

The experiment was carried out at the Agricultural Research Station of the College of Agriculture, University of Basra for the season 2019 to study the effect of the magnet poles on the growth and productivity of the okra plant (Deira). The magnetization of a local agricultural variety (Deira), where the study included the control without magnetization, treatment in the north direction, treatment in the south, and treatment on the north-south. A randomized complete block design with three replications was used for each treatment. The results showed significant superiority (p<0.05) for the treatment of the south pole orientation of the magnet towards the plant in terms of plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, fruit weight and total production (178.33 cm, 79.67 leaves.plant^-1, 1.44 cm², 2.9 g, and 3.25 tons.d^-1) respectively for all treatments and the control that gave the lowest values ​​(156.67 cm, 43.00 leaves. Plant ^-1, 0.727 cm², 2.56 g and 1.66 tons.d^-1) respectively.

Keywords: okra, magnetism, vegetative traits, fruiting traits.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Afrah Jeratly^*(1), Sami Al-agha⁽¹⁾, and Majed Mousa⁽²⁾

• Animal Production Department -Faculty of Agricultural -Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria.
• Faculty of Agricultural -Hama University, Hama, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Eng. Afraha jeratly E-Mail afrah.algratly@gmail.com)

Received: 17/08/2020                          Accepted: 17/08/2020

Abstract:

The experiment was conducted in 2019 in Salamieh to study the effect of using different ratios of dried cultivated barley in broiler rations on some productive parameters. 112 broilers (Ross 308 hybrids), 1 day old, were used in this research Birds were divided into 4 groups and each one included 28 birds; all groups were similar in term of heating, ventilation, and all other management treatments except for feeding methods which were related to research plan. Groups of birds were fed by traditional rations. The control group (G1) was fed by a commercial feed while the other groups were treated by adding a dry cultivated barley to its commercial rations by 10 %, 15%, and 20% to the groups G2, G3 and G4, respectively. Birds were slaughtered at 6 weeks old. The results indicated no significant differences (P ≥ 0.05) among experimental groups for hemoglobin, sugar, cholesterol and the number of erythrocytes at the 21 and 42 days old, but highly significant differences (P<0.01) were observed in the total protein concentration between the birds in fourth group(G4), where the adding of the grown barley by 20% comparing with control group at 21 days old, There are also significant differences (P<0.05) in protein ratio Where he excelled group(G4), with the control group birds at 42 days old.

Keywords: Cultivated Barley – blood parameters- Broiler feeding.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Wafaa Abedo

(1). Horticulture department, Faculty of agriculture, university of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria.

(*Corrsponding author: Dr. Wafaa Abedo. E-Mail: madrid198182@yahoo.com).

Received: 27/08/2020                                Accepted: 21/09/2020

Abstract

This research aimed to study the effect of plastic and paper bags on the physiological and chemical characters of pear fruits by using three different sizes of fruits to know the lower lost in weight, water content and diameters, of fruits and its effect on the vitamins, the radio of solid and soluble substances. The results showed that keeping the fruits in paper bags is the best considering the loss of weight, which was (26.4), and the soluble substance arrived to 2.39% and C vitamin was 5.02 ml.gr/100g and the loss of humidity was 19.7%, while the small and medium fruits were the best team the big fruits becomes the loss of weight in the melon fruit arrived to 20.9 gr the loss in diameter was 8.1 mm and the solid substance was 3.02% and the C vitamin content was 7.23 ml.gr/100g and the less lose in humidity was 17.7% by studying the mental effect of the two processes the results showed that the paper bags and the small fruits was the best and over roll on the all treatments.

Keywords: paper bags, plastic. Soluble substance.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Mohamad Bishr Dababo^(1)*, Mahmoud Baghdadi ⁽¹⁾, Safaa Kelani⁽²⁾, and Moustafa mazen atri ⁽³⁾

(1).Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Aleppo University. Aleppo, Syria.

(2). Department of Renewable natural resources and environment, Faculty of Agriculture, Aleppo University. Aleppo, Syria.
(3). General commission for scientific agricultural research Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Eng. Mohamad Bisher Dababo E-mail: mr1d1mb1@gmail.com).

Received: 5/10/2020                                  Accepted: 19/10/2020

Abstract

The experiment was carried out at Al-Safirah district of Aleppo Governorate during the 2019/2020 season using foliar fertilization with chelated iron EDDHA at two concentrations (500, 750 ppm) and soil fertilization at the same concentrations in three dates (before leaf fall, before flowering, one month before Harvest), and control (without treatment) and it’s effect  on some of  physical, chemical and  productivity characteristics of the pear trees Pyrus communis L var. Coscia.The experiment was designed according to the Randomized Complete Block Design with three trees per treatment and the results showed that soil fertilization with iron chelated Fe-EDDHA at a concentration of (750 ppm) significantly increased the tree productivity, fruit weight, size, the percentage of dry matter, total sugars, vitamin C content and reduced the total acidity of fruits,  which were (30.33 Kg/tree, 164 g, 173. 9 cm³, 37.95%, 9.54%, 13.32 mg/100 g F.w. and 0.13%), respectively, compared with control (15.33 Kg/tree, 108.8 g, 103.1 cm³, 13.86%, 5.87%, 11.33 mg/100 g F.w. and 0.29%), respectively. Foliar fertilization with chelated iron Fe-EDDHA at a concentration of (500 ppm) also increased vitamin C content, fruits pH and reduced the total acidity of fruits (14.73 mg/100 g F.w., 4.79 and 0.13%) respectively.

Keywords: Chelated Iron, Fe-EDDHA, Pear, Coscia, Physical characteristics, chemical characteristics, productivity.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF