Najari Sghaier ⁽¹⁾, Atoui Ahlem*⁽¹⁾ and Abdennebi Moldi ⁽¹⁾

(1). Institute of Arid Regions, Médenine. 4119. Tunisia. Faculty of sciences (F.S.G) Gabés, University of Gabés, Tunisia.

(* Corresponding author: Dr. Atoui ahlem , E-mail : ahlematoui@gmail.com)

Received date: 8/03/2021                      Acceptance date: 11/04/2021

Abstract

The growth of kids represents an important production phenotype for the local goat population in pastoral areas. Thus, daily gain is a component of the selection criteria in genetic improvement plans for the local population. The study aims to estimate the genetic parameters for the average daily gains of the local kids by fitting four random regression models including or ignoring permanent maternal or environmental genetic effects. The genetic parameters and the (co) variance components were estimated from the data of 945 kids (531 males and 414 females), from 19 bucks and 285 goats collected between 1998 and 2014. The genetic parameters were estimated for five phenotypes: ADG (1-30), ADG (31- 60), ADG (61-90), ADG (91-120), ADG (121-150). Mother’s age, mother’s weight at kidding, the interaction sex × mode of birth, and year × month of birth were included, as fixed factors, in the mixed model. The direct and maternal heritability estimates of mean daily gains vary respectively from 0.10 to 0.39 and 0.09 to 0.24 The ADG (1-30), which estimates the growth of the goat during the first month of life, had the lowest estimates of maternal and direct heritability among other age groups. The maternal component of the estimated variance is larger than the direct variance at early ages, indicating the importance of the maternal capacity of this adapted local population. The results help to develop the genetic improvement plans adapted to the production and adaptation potential of the local goat, and to the characteristics of its arid environment.

Keywords : Local kids , Mixed models Environmental effects, Average daily gains, genetic evaluation.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Faten alsafadi*⁽¹⁾, Hesham Alatwani⁽¹⁾, Abdel Mohsen Marie⁽²⁾ and Ramzi Murshid⁽³⁾  

(1). Sweida Research Centre -General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Syria.

 (2). Administration of Horticulture Research, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria.

(3). Department of Horticulture Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Damascus, Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding Author:Dr. Faten alsafadi, E.mail:  .f.alsafadi@gmail.com.)

Received: 19/01/2021                                 Accepted: 25/03/2021

Abstract:

This study was conducted at GCSAR-Swaida research center (Hout station) during the season 2018-2019, to evaluate six melon inbred lines P1(104)، P2(106)، P3(108)، P4(113)، P5(116) and P6 (118) and their 30 F₁ hybrids produced by complete diallel mating design, using RCBD with four replications. for estimate the general combining ability (GCA) effects for each parents, and the specific combining ability (SCA) for hybrids and their reciprocal, in addition to evaluate the broad and narrow sense heritability for some fruit quality traits of melon (fruit pulp thickness, dry matter, total soluble solids, total sugar, monosaccharaides, disaccharides, carotenoids, vitamin C).  The variance of GCA and SCA were significant for all studied traits, indicating the importance of additive and non-additive effects in the inheritance of these traits. The parent P5(116) showed positively significant and desirable general combining ability effects for the traits of carotenoids and sweetness of the fruits, and the parent P4(113) for the traits of the total sugars and disaccharides. The hybrids P1×P6, P2×P3 and P2×P4 showed positive specific combining ability effects for monosaccharaides, and the hybrids P1×P2 and P2×P5 for total sugars and monosaccharaides, and the hybrids P3×P5,P4×P5 and P5×P6 for disaccharides, and P1×P5 hybrid for the fruit content of carotenoids, and P1×P4 and P2×P3 hybrids for the fruit content of vitamin C, and four hybrids showed positively significant reciprocal effects for dry matter trait. The GCA/SCA showed that the non-additive gene action effects controlled the inheritance of all studied traits. The Estimates of the broad sense heritability was high in all traits. While the narrow sense heritability was an intermediate estimate for fruit content of carotenoids and total soluble solids.

Keyword: Combining Ability, Heritability, Melon, total sugar.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf 

Faten alsafadi*⁽¹⁾, Hesham Alatwani⁽¹⁾, Abdel Mohsen Marie⁽²⁾ and Ramzi Murshid⁽³⁾  

(1). Sweida Research Centre -General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Syria.

 (2). Administration of Horticulture Research, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria.

(3). Department of Horticulture Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Damascus, Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding Author:Dr. Faten alsafadi, E.mail:  .f.alsafadi@gmail.com.)

Received: 19/01/2021                                 Accepted: 25/03/2021

Abstract:

This study was conducted at GCSAR-Swaida research center (Hout station) during the season 2018-2019, to evaluate six melon inbred lines P1(104)، P2(106)، P3(108)، P4(113)، P5(116) and P6 (118) and their 30 F₁ hybrids produced by complete diallel mating design, using RCBD with four replications. for estimate the general combining ability (GCA) effects for each parents, and the specific combining ability (SCA) for hybrids and their reciprocal, in addition to evaluate the broad and narrow sense heritability for some fruit quality traits of melon (fruit pulp thickness, dry matter, total soluble solids, total sugar, monosaccharaides, disaccharides, carotenoids, vitamin C).  The variance of GCA and SCA were significant for all studied traits, indicating the importance of additive and non-additive effects in the inheritance of these traits. The parent P5(116) showed positively significant and desirable general combining ability effects for the traits of carotenoids and sweetness of the fruits, and the parent P4(113) for the traits of the total sugars and disaccharides. The hybrids P1×P6, P2×P3 and P2×P4 showed positive specific combining ability effects for monosaccharaides, and the hybrids P1×P2 and P2×P5 for total sugars and monosaccharaides, and the hybrids P3×P5,P4×P5 and P5×P6 for disaccharides, and P1×P5 hybrid for the fruit content of carotenoids, and P1×P4 and P2×P3 hybrids for the fruit content of vitamin C, and four hybrids showed positively significant reciprocal effects for dry matter trait. The GCA/SCA showed that the non-additive gene action effects controlled the inheritance of all studied traits. The Estimates of the broad sense heritability was high in all traits. While the narrow sense heritability was an intermediate estimate for fruit content of carotenoids and total soluble solids.

Keyword: Combining Ability, Heritability, Melon, total sugar.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Ali Yousif ⁽¹⁾,Ghiath Alloush *⁽²⁾ and Ahmad Jaloul ⁽¹⁾

 (1). Department of Hoticulture- Faculty of Agriculture- Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(2). Department of Soil and Water Sciences- Faculty of Agriculture- Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding Author, Dr. Ghiath Ahmad Aloush, E-Mail. galloush@scs-net.org)

Received 9/12/2020                  Accepted:  23/03/2021

Abstract:

This study aimed to investigate the tolerance of four tomato hybrid to salinity (Shanon, Merel, Julnar, and Astona) widely grown in greenhouses to salinity (0, 25, 50, 75, 100 and 150 mM NaCl) grown in nutrient solutions. Shanon hybrid had a higher shoot growth in non-saline nutrient solution (control treatment) by 10, 48, 85% compared to Astona, Julnar, and Merel, respectively. Shoot growth decreased gradually with increasing NaCl concentrations in the nutrient solutions. There were differences among tomato hybrid in their salinity critical level in which 50% of the growth is decreased. Shanon had greater shoots compared to other tomato hybrid in all applied salinity levels. Salinity influenced roots which became stunted, thick and easy to break at 75 mM NaCl, and became slobby when NaCl reached 150 mM in the nutrient solution. Root systems were reduced by 71, 46, 67, and 56% at 150mM NaCl treatments for Astona, Julnar, Merel and Shanon compared to control in which no salinity was induced. Shanon had a long root system (136 m/plant) in the control treatment compared to 113, 90, and 77 for Astona, julnar, and Merel respectively. Root growth was reduced by salinity in all hybrids right from 25 mM NaCl, but however Shanon remains with the highest root length at all applied salinity levels. Shanon root system showed a higher efficiency to absorb nutrients and nutrient translocation to the shoots for most nutrients when compared to Merel, Julnar, and Astona. All inflow rates and specific accumulation rated in the shoots were reduced gradually with increasing salinity up to 150mM NaCl in the nutrient solutions. The critical salinity level (50% reduction) varies among tomato hybrid, 50 mM NaCl for Merel and Astona, 75 mM for Julnar, and 100 mM NaCl for Shanon.

Key words: tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum), salinity, nutrient uptake, hydroponic culture, greenhouse.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Ammar Askarieh* ⁽¹⁾, Sawsan Suleiman ⁽²⁾,  and Mahasen  Tawakalna ⁽¹⁾

(1). General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Damascus (GCSAR), Syria.

(2). Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Eng. Ammar Askarieh. E-Mail: ammar.ask89@gmail.com )

Received: 31/01/2021                     Accepted: 25/05/2021

Abstract

This study was conducted during (2019-2020)  at the General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research laboratories, to assess pollen grains viability and germination capacity of four sweet cherry cultivars which spread in Al- Zabadani-Sargaya region. The pollen viability was estimated by tetrazolium chloride (TTC). The pollen was grown on 1% agar medium with (15 g sucrose + 5 ppm boric acid) and incubated at 24 ± 1 temperature for 24 hours, The results showed that pollen vitality of  (Sunburst and Lapins) cultivars was higher (63.8, 69.36 %), respectively, than pollen vitality of (Bing and Hardy giant) cultivars (50.78, 52.81 %), and as for the germination capacity,  the Sunburst pollen surpassed and its germination rate, reaching to (59.46%), followed by (Lapins) grains  (46.11%), while the germination percentage did not exceed (10.37 ,11.38  %) for (Bing and Hardy giant) cultivars. The results showed as well that pollen tube length was (1427.50 μm) for Sunburst cultivar, while it did not exceed (401 μm) for (Bing) cultivar.

Keywords: Sweet cherry, pollen grains, vitality, germination, tetrazolium chloride, pollen tube.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Zenib Suliman ⁽¹⁾, Nwara Mohamed* ⁽²⁾ and Khaled El-Mir ⁽¹⁾

(1) Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Omar Mukhtar University, Al-Bayda, Libya.

(2) Department of plant protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Omar Mukhtar University, Al-Bayda, Libya.

(*Corresponding author: Nwara A. Mohamed, nwara.mohamed@omu.edu.ly).

Received: 23/11/2021                       Accepted: 22/12/2021

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of extracts of Spartium junceum L flowers on the growth of some plant pathogenic organisms, including the Bacteria (Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Xanthomonas campestris pv.vesicatoria and Erwinia cartovora& the Fungi Botrytis fabae, Fusarium oxysporum and Penicillium sp. . The flowers were collected from the area of Ras Al Hilal Green Mountain of Libya and ‎then dried, grinded, and extracted aqueously, alcoholically and with hexane and poisoned the medium PDA with a concentration of 5% of each extract separately in the presence of the control plates, while the bacteria were made by Disk Method with these extracts separately, and distributed on plates cultured with bacteria in the presence of the antibiotic. The results indicated a significant decrease in growth of the tested organisms under laboratory conditions by measuring the radial growth of the fungi colonies (cm) and displaying the inhibition zone for bacteria on the media. The results also recorded significant differences between the solvents used in the extraction. The alcoholic extract had a high effect on the growth of the fungi Botrytis fabae and Penicillium sp. and the growth of the bacteria Erwinia carotovora, while the aqueous extract affected the growth of Botrytis fabae, Agrobactrium and Erwinia, while the hexane extract affected the growth of the fungus Penicillium sp., we conclude from this study that it is possible to obtain compounds that inhibit the growth of some plant pathogenic organisms from extracts of Spartium junceum L flowers.‎

Key words:   Flowers, Aqueous, Methanolic, Hexane, Extracts phytopathogenic fungi, Phytopathogenic bacteria.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Omar Khattab ^(1)*

(1). Department of Field crops. Faculty of Agriculture. Al-Furat University, Deir Ez Zoar, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Eng. Mohamed Baker. E-Mail: baker963949351833@gmail.com).

Received: 7/12/2021          Accepted: 8/02/2021

Abstract

This research was lay out in Al-Hask (10km East Haska) during 2019 agricultural season for Testing some maize hybrids to salinity tolerance by used RCBD with two factors, Hybrids (6) and salinity levels (2, 4, 6 and 8 ds/m). The results showed that significant differences for all characters. The salinity due to decrease it. The Hyb2 was best Hybrid (higher yield, 9.895 ton/ha, 100 seed weight (50 g) LAI (6.7) and plant height was in (195cm).

Key words: maize, hybrid, salt stress, genotype.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Saif saad allah Hassan^{) 1*(}and Abdullah Abdul krim Hassan⁾¹⁽

• plant protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Tikrit University,Salah Al-Din, Iraq.

(*Corresponding author: Eng. Saif Hassan. E-Mail: saifnassrei@gmail.com).

Received: 11/06/2021        Accepted: 11/11/2021

Abstract:

A laboratory and field study were conducted during the 2018/2019 season in the laboratories of the Department of Plant Protection and Fields of the College of Agriculture / Tikrit University. The study evaluated the efficiency of biosynthetic silver nanoparticles from the food fungus Pleurotusostreatus A2019 in controlwheat root rot disease caused by PythumaphanidermatumThe laboratory results showed the efficiency of all concentrations of the prepared silver nanoparticles to inhibit the pathogenic fungus P. aphanidermatum compared to the control, and the highest percentage of inhibition at the concentration was 1.5 mM in the filter of the fungus P. ostreatus A2019, which amounted to 0.68% compared to the control in which no inhibition rate was recorded. While all concentrations and types of prepared silver nanoparticles showed the highest activity of nitrate reduction enzyme compared to the control, and the highest activity was at a concentration of 1.5 mM in the filter of the fungus P.ostreatus A2019 It was 0.68 units/ml compared to the control, which amounted to 0.068 units/ml. on the other handthe field results for estimating the concentration of the mineral glutathione in the plant, where the control treatment showed the lowest concentration of glutathione, which amounted to 0.6 mg.ml-1, which did not make any significant difference with the treatment of silver nanoparticles, which amounted to 0.63 mg.ml-1 .

Key words: silver nanoparticles, Pleurotusspp, Pythium aphanidermatum, glutathione

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Laila Aldahak^*(1) Bashar AL sheikh ⁽²⁾ Ahmad Elkhalf ⁽³⁾ and Feras Mhamed Asaad ⁽⁴⁾

• Department of Field Crops, College of Agriculture Engineering, Hama University, Salamiyeh, Hama, Syria.
• Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture Engineering, Hama University, Salamiyeh, Hama, Syria
• Al Raqa Research Center, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research GCSAR, Damascus, Syria.
• Hamah Research Center, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research GCSAR, Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Laila Aldahak. E-Mail: laila.dahak@hama-univ.edu.sy ; laila.dahak@gmail.com).

Received: 13/09/2020        Accepted: 19/08/2020

Abstract

This research conducted during the growing season of 2019/2020 in Soran region, northern of Hama, about 18 km, this research aimed to evaluate the resistance of several approved wheat varieties in Syria to wheat stem sawfly (WSS), considering this one of the effective ways to resist this pest within the natural conditions in Hama Governorate. The results showed wide disparate levels of infection. Among the tested durum wheat varieties, females of the wheat stem sawfly were more likely to lay their eggs in the stems of this specific durum wheat type (Cham 5), which was susceptible to infestation, followed by (Cham 9). The stems these two varieties characterized by the highest height in the early spread stages of wasps, and not the least developed in late stages, while the rest of the tested cultivars distinguished by their resistance to infection. Speaking of the soft wheat, female wasps preferred to lay their eggs in the variety stem (Douma 2) and the reasons for this preference were unknown. Although (Douma 2) distinguished by their height, but without any significant differences with other varieties during the early appearance of wasps, while its plants were the most developed during the late period of wasp’s dispersal. The rest of the tested varieties of soft wheat distinguished by their resistance, as an indicator of the variety’s resistance.

Key words: wheat stem sawfly, Soft wheat, Durum wheat, Phenological stages.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Firas Al-shehawy *⁽¹⁾, Mohammad Nahaal ⁽²⁾ and Basma Afram ⁽³⁾

• The Scientific Agricultural Research Center of Salamieh, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Damascus, Syria.
• Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria.
• Directorate of Agriculture and Agrarian Reform, Hama, Ministry of Agriculture and Agrarian Reform, Damascus,

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Firas Asaad Alshehawy: Dr.fShehawy120@gmail.com).

Received: 29/06/2020        Accepted: 29/05/2020

Abstract

The potato tubers moth Phthorimaea operculella Zeller is one of the main pests of the potato crop, so the effect of alcohol extract for leaves of two plants Eucalyptus spp. and Thuja orientalis L. has been studied in the different phases of the potato moth in laboratory and field in north western of Aleppo governorate, Syria, in addition to studying the effect of mixing these two extracts in three concentrations with two insecticides (es-fenvalerate5%، emamectin benzoate5%) separately. Three laboratory experiments were performed to study the effect of these two extracts on the corrected death of the adult phase%, unhatchability of the eggs%, the repellence and attractive rate of the adult phase%, and a field trial to study the average% of repellence/plant. there were no significant differences between the two insecticides, as well as between the two studied potato varieties of Benilla and Spunta as a general mean of treatments for each experiment. laboratory results in the two seasons were showed superiority of the two pesticides and their mixing with Eucalyptus and Thuja leaves extracts in all treatments, follow that giving the treatment of Eucalyptus at concentration (10%) superiority in the corrected death of the adult%, and were observed superiority in Eucalyptus leaves extract (10%) and Thuja (10%) in unhatchability of eggs%, that is the increased efficacy of extracts against the moth by increasing their concentration. With giving the alcohol extract of Eucalyptus leaves (10%) in the two seasons the highest percentage of repellence, while the extract of Thuja leaves (10%) was the highest percentage of attraction. In field, all coefficients for mixing pesticides with extracts did not give superiority in their efficacy and positive effect against the moth, Eucalyptus leaves extract and its mixing with two insecticides made the best results, and the concentration 10% of Eucalyptus extract without mixing was the best in field. Consequently, thus the concentration 10% of Eucalyptus extract can be used in potato tuber moth control programs.

Keywords: alcohol extract for leaves of Eucalyptus spp. and Thuja orientalis L., Tow insecticides, Potato Tuber Moth, Syria.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF