Samar Bashir Taha ^{(1) *} and Mohamed Shaker Mansour ⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Plant protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tikrit, Tikrit, Iraq.

(*Corresponding Author Dr. Samar B Taha, E-mail address: albashasamar4@gmail.com)

Received: 12/03/2021                                 Accepted: 9/08/2021

Abstract

Nutritional and biochemical experiments were conducted on Apis mellifera L. honey bee colonies in the apiary of the College of Agriculture / University of Tikrit for the period from 1/12/2018 to 1/2/2019 to study the effect of some natural food supplements and pollen substitutes on the activity of honey bee colonies and the body content of workers’ from Basic chemical compounds The results of the treatment of feeding with pollen supplements showed the presence of significant differences between the treatments, and the treatment (pollen + honey + protein) was superior, and its value reached (73.00 , 359.67 ,36.00 and42.17) ang², respectively, and the treatment (pollen + honey) gave the lowest value. In the open and closed brood area, it reached (11.33 and 5.33) ng², respectively. The results also showed significant differences in the effect of pollen supplement feeding on the chemical composition of the insect’s body. The comparison treatment exceeded the moisture content, as well as carbohydrates and ash, reaching (69.10 ,41.26 and 5.24) % respectively, and it gave the treatment of (pollen + honey) and treatment (pollen grains). + Honey + protein (the highest percentage of protein in the body of the insect was) 54.16 and 54.19 % respectively. The treatment of (pollen + honey + palm pollen + protein) exceeded 10.04% and the proportion of chitin increased in the treatment (pollen + honey + protein) as it stood at 77.14%.

key words: Alternatives to pollen, Chemical components, Honey bees, Winter.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Muslim, A. Al-Etby^{٭ (1)}, Iyad, A. Abdel-Qader ⁽¹⁾ and Labeed, A. Al-Saad ⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of plant protection, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah,Al- Basrah, Iraq.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Muslim, A. Al-Etby, E-Mail moslemhony67@gmail.com)

Received: 25/01/2021                                 Accepted: 10/06/2021

Abstract

The study included a survey of six geographical locations in Basra province, Southern Iraq, which are the Shatt al-Arab, Al-Hartha, Abu Al-Khasib, Al-Zubeyr, Al-Faw, and Qurna regions for the period from 1/2/2018 to 1/11/2019. To study the presence of wild bees, the results of the taxonomic study showed of samples collected for the diagnosis of 7 species or morphospecies, traced to four genera its (Ceratina , Andrena , Megachile  and Icteranthidium ) and belonged to four tribes, three subfamily, and three families. It is less than was recorded in the old years.

Keywords: Taxonomy, Wild bees, Basrah. Southern Iraq.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Mustafa Beda * ⁽¹⁾, Rami Kaba ⁽²⁾, Yasser Kert ⁽³⁾, Sherin Alfttah⁽¹⁾  , Daoud Daoud ⁽¹⁾  and Lubna almawali ⁽¹⁾  

(1). General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria.

(2). Faculty Of Agriculture, University of the al-furat, Syria.

(3). Hasakeh Agricultural Research Center, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Mustafa Beda. E-Mail: bedda.agri@hotmail.com).

Received: 14/05/2021                                 Accepted: 29/07/2021

Abstract

This research was conducted during 2018-2020 at the Scientific Agricultural Research Centre in Qamishli under the first agro-ecological zone in Hassakeh governorate, 10 km west of Qamishli’s city center towards Amuda, with the aim of evaluating the pH of precipitation, and air pollution level and quality in the study area. Seven observation points for collecting rainwater samples were selected, and rainwater samples were collected at 4 m high above ground level. The results indicated that the rainfall of the studied points for the season (2019-2020) is not within the acidic range, although the pH tends to be below seven at some points, and that the pH value differed by observation point; the lowest reading recorded for the lowest value and the highest value (1.4-1.3) was at the second observation point, respectively, and the highest reading for the highest value was at the fifth observation point (8.2). The values of studied indicators ​​differed by observation point and study month, where the EC highest value was at the fifth observation point (0.53) dS/m, and the lowest one was at the sixth and seventh observation points with a value of (0.04) dS/m. Therefore, we suggest continuing air pollution monitoring in the area and expand the study to cover other susceptible areas.

Keywords: Air pollution, Al-hasakeh, Acid Rain, Ph, Ca, So₄^–

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Mohammd Bilaal^{* (1)}, Walid Alsaid ⁽¹⁾and Imad aldeen Alkhalaf ⁽¹⁾

(1). Department. of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria

 (*Corresponding author: Mohammd Bilaal. E-Mail: mohammd.r.bilaal@gmail.com).

Received: 20/03/2021                                 Accepted: 29/07/2021

Abstract

This research was conducted in the Research Labs of Plant Ecology, Pollution, Plant Genetics and Ecological Garden of the Department of Plant Life Science, Faculty of Science, University of Aleppo, between August and January 2019/2020. The aim of this research is to study the effect of graded concentrations (50, 100, 200) mg/l of lead elemental on some morphological and biochemical parameters of two varieties (LOBNA and KARMA) F1 hybrids of capsicum plant.  The results showed a gradual decrease in all the morphological indicators of the treated plants for the two varieties compared to the control, as the length of the root decreased to (16.23 and 7) cm, the dry weight of the shoots was (1.72 and 0.193) g, and the dry weight of the roots were (0.461 and 0.034) g, and the leaf area decreased to (7.75 and 5.54) cm², In varieties LOBNA and KARMA respectively, at the concentration of 200 mg/l of lead. The total chlorophyll content decreased to (2.32 and 5.18) mg/g, and the proline content increased to (1.319 and 1.125) μmol/g in the varieties LOBNA and KARMA respectively, at the concentration of 200 mg/l of lead. The results also showed that the sweet pepper variety was affected by lead more than the hot pepper variety.

Keywords: Pepper, Capsicum annuum L., Lead stress, Morphological Parameters, Chlorophyll, Proline.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Ghzoan saeed^{* (1)}, Nazih Rukeie ⁽¹⁾ and Issa Kbaybu ⁽²⁾

(1). Field crops department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(2).  Soil and Water Sciences department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Ghzoan saeed. E-Mail:  ghzwansyd018@gmail.com).

Received: 20/04/2021                                 Accepted: 29/07/2021

Abstract

The research was carried out at the Seed Multiplication Center in the Alsanubr Region (Syria/Latakia), during the season: (2018). The research aimed to study the effect of biological fertilizer and mineral fertilizer on some productive and qualitative characteristics of peanuts, The following treatments were used with three replications: Four treatments in which only mineral fertilizer (NPK) was used at rates: (25 – 50 – 75 – 100%) of the fertilizer recommendation recommended by the Ministry of Agriculture and Agrarian Reform, four treatments in which mineral fertilizer was used at rates: (25 – 50 – 75 – 100%) of the fertilizer recommendation with the addition of bio-fertilizer (EM1) at a rate (5 ml / m 2), one treatment in which the bio-fertilizer (EM1) was used at a rate of (5 ml / m 2) only without any addition of fertilizer. The experiment was designed according to the design of complete randomized plots, with three replications. The results showed that Adding mineral fertilizer with biological fertilizer(NPK) with an average of (65kg/ha superphosphate fertilizer- 160 kg/ha potassium sulfate- 43 kg/ha urea) with bio-fertilizer with an average of 5ml/m2  led to an increase in productivity and quality traits for all the studied traits, and the highest values ​​were recorded for the following traits: harvest index, seed yield weight, biological weight protein and oil percentage when adding biological fertilizer (5 ml/m²)  and reached Respectively (34.32%, 4345 kg/ha, 17652 kg/ha 26.13%, 42.81%).

Key words: Peanuts – Mineral Fertilizer – Biological Fertilizer EM1 – Productive Traits

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Samia Alshbib^(1)*, Abd alghani Khorshid⁽²⁾, Ahmad Aljomaa⁽¹⁾and  Abd alghani Khaldi⁽¹⁾.

(1). Cotton Research department, General Commission of Scientific Agricultural Research, Aleppo, Syria.

(2). University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Eng. Samia Alshbib. E-Mail samshbib3@gmail.com)

Received: 24/03/2021                                 Accepted: 24/08/2021

Abstract

Cotton is one of the most important fiber crops in the world, the availability of essential nutrients is one of the main factors on which the growth and the yield of the crop depends. In order to quantify the crop, need out of these elements, a full evaluation of crop nutrient requirements is required. Field experiments were conducted in 2020 in two sites, the first is the agricultural scientific research center in Hama, the second is the Jeb Ramla research station of Al-Ghab scientific agricultural research center. To assess for the requirements of cotton crop (variety Aleppo 124) to main elements NPK applied in seven different levels in addition to the control, the experiments were arranged in randomized block design with three replications. Result showed that increasing the application of fertilizers by 15% higher than the recommended fertilizer recommendation led to a significant increase in crop yield in Hama site, where it reached the highest productivity 4988 kg.h^-1, the results also showed that the increase in the amount of applied fertilizer over the fertilizer recommendation was not significant in the second site. It was also found that the increase in fertilizer levels led to a significant increase in plant height, as it reached 91 cm in Hama and 98.89 cm in Al-Ghab and the number of monopodia and sympodial branches reached the highest number of 9.44 in Hama and 12.17 in Al-Ghab, likewise, the chlorophyll content of leaves increased, as well as the leaf area index with some differences between the two sites, this indicates that the yield was positively affected with an increase in the available essential nutrients to a certain extent, then, the increase in the amount of fertilizer turns into a decrease in the yield of the crop.

Key words: Nitrogen, phosphor, potassium, cotton, chlorophyll number, leaf area index.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf 

Joud Mahnaya^{* (1 )}, Nada Altonji ⁽¹⁾, Muhammad Manhal Alzoubi1⁽²⁾ and Abdulghani Alkhaldi ⁽³⁾

(1). College of technical Engineering, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria

(2). General commission for scientific Agriculture Research, Damascus, Syria.

(3). General commission for scientific Agriculture Research, Aleppo, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Eng.  Joud Mahnaya. E-Mail: joud.mhanaya@gmail.com)

Received: 27/06/2021                                 Accepted: 13/07/2021

Abstract

Water pollution is considered one of the most important current risks due to the transmission of pollution to soil, vegetation and crops, especially its contamination with heavy metals due to its cumulative effect and lack of decomposition. Especially contaminated with untreated sewage water that irrigates agricultural soils, after the sewage treatment plant in Aleppo was sabotaged, these areas became irrigated from that water. The aim of this research is to study the extent of pollution of the Queiq river course below that station with some heavy elements (Pb – Cd – Ni – Cr) and the study of its chemical and bacterial contamination , Where water samples were collected from 10 sites along the river from the treatment plant and towards Al-Wadhahi in both summer and winter, where the results of the analysis of heavy elements for lead in summer were between (0.1-0.6 ppm) and in winter ranged between (0.04-0.12 ppm). And nickel in summer ranged between (0.01-0.02 ppm) and in winter ranged between (0.01-0.02 ppm) and chromium in summer ranged between (0.01-0.06 ppm), and in winter it ranged between (0.01-0.07 ppm) and cadmium in summer Between (0.01-0.06 ppm) and in the winter between (0.08-0.09 ppm), and all were within the permissible limits except for cadmium, which was outside the permissible limits. As for the chemical analyzes, the results showed the values ​​of COD in the summer between (100-940) mg /L, while in the winter it ranged between (18-120) mg /L, As for the required bio-oxygen BOD values, its values ​​ranged between (110-170) mg/liter in the summer, and between (6-24) mg/liter in the winter, and all of them were outside the permissible limits. Salmonella and Shigella range in summer from (2000-31000) eggs, while in winter (2000-30000) eggs, all are outside the permissible limits The E-coli population was in summer between (2000-30000) Bacillus and in winter between (8000-39000) Bacillus and was outside the permissible limits.

Key words: sewage pollution , Queiq river, Cd,  Pb, Ni, Cr

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Ahmed H. Abdullah Anees ⁽¹⁾ * and Qahtan A. Kareem Mohamad⁽¹⁾

(1).College of Agriculture,University of Tikrit,Iraq.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Ahmed H. A. Anees .E-Mail: Ahmed75hawas@tu.edu.iq).

Received: 9/04/2021                                   Accepted: 10/06/2021

Abstract

The experiment was conducted in Research Station / Field Crop Department / Agriculture College / Tikrit University , for seasons 2017 – 2018, to evaluate ten genotypic of broad bean namely (PO6-OO1FB/FL(1) , PO6-OO2FB/FL(2) , PO6-OO3FB/FL(3) , PO6-OO5FB/FL(4) , PO6-OO9FB/FL(5) , PO6-O11FB/FL(6) , PO6-O13FB/FL(7) , PO6-O14FB/FL(8) , (9)Syrian Local larg and Aguadolce (10)) under effect of two levels of copper oxide nanoparticles (0 and 100 mg .^-1 ). The experiment was designed according to Randomized Complete Block Design with Split Plot arrangement in three replicates . The levels copper oxide nanoparticles were in main plots, while genotypic was in sub plots. characteristics were studied : ( number of days to 50% flowering ,  leaves area index , plant height ,  branch numbers , pod numbers , seed numbers in pod , weight of 100 seeds , total yield of seeds). Analysis of variance results showed that signification variation in the factors and interaction for all characters except number of days to 50% flowering, plant height and seed numbers in pod for of copper oxide nanoparticles, as well number of days to 50% flowering and plant height for the interaction between the factors, the genotype (4) was superiority in eaves area index (10.304), pod numbers (38.1 pod.plant^-1) and total yield of seeds (13.27 tn.h^-1) and the genotype (7) in branch numbers (7.77 branch.plant^-1) and seed numbers in pod (4.48 seed.pod^-1), the interaction between the second levels with the genotype (4) were superiority for leaves area index (12.532), seed numbers in pod (4.92 seed.pod^-1) and total yield of seeds (16.05 tn.h^-1). From this standpoint, it is possible to continue following up these entries after evaluating them with all the importing environmental conditions and thus can be approved in future.                     

Keywords: Copper oxide nanoparticles, Faba bean genotypes.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Ibrahim Al abdullah^*(1), Muhammad Ayman daire⁽²⁾, Mohamad kardoush⁽²⁾and Mahasen Tawaklna⁽³⁾

(1).pistachio office, ministry of Ministry of Agriculture and Agrarian, Hama, Syria.

(2). Department of horticulture, faculty of agriculture engineering, Aleppo University, ministry of high education, Aleppo, Syria.

(3). Administration of Horticulture Research, GCSAR, Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Eng. Ibrahim Al abdullah. E-Mail: ima198720@gmail.com).

Received: 20/05/2021                                 Accepted: 29/07/2021

Abstract

The research aims to study the effect of potassium element in maintaining water balance under different levels of irrigation. it was carried out in Pistachio Office in Hama city on two-years-old pistachio plants grown in polyethylene bags. three irrigation and potassium treatments(0,75,150 mg/kg) were applied during. 2019 and 2020. The results showed a significant  effect of water stress due to an increase period  interval between irrigation, as most of the growth indicators (planting length – planting diameter – leaf area, etc.) decreased and reached its lowest value when irrigation with  14-day interval between irrigation. As for the potassium treatments it was reduced significantly and avoided the harmful effects of water stress and improved the water balance of seedlings. A significant increase was observed in the average length of the main axis of seedlings  that treated with potassium sulfate (61 cm) compared with control plants (55.5) under water stress conditions, in addition to it was observed  an increase in concentration of chlorophyll (38 mg / g ww) compared to control plants (36.19 mg / g  ww), while the level of proline in the treated plants decreased significantly (46 mg / g ww) compared with untreated control plants (50 mg / g ww), and these results illustrate the important role of potassium ions in regulating water relations within the plant. And increase the plant’s ability to withstand the negative effects of water stress.

Keywords: seedlings, pistachio (P.vera), Water balance, Potassium Fertilization.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Reem Hamid⁽¹⁾, Faisal Bakkour⁽¹⁾ and Fadi Abbas^*(2)

(1). Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Al Baath University, Homs, Syria.

(2). General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Agriculture Research Center of Homs, Homs, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr.Fadi Abbas. E-Mail: fadiab77@gmail.com).

Received: 22/05/2021                                 Accepted: 16/08/2021

Abstract

This experiment was conducted in the labs of General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Researches GCSAR, Homs Center, during 2020. PEG₆₀₀₀ was applied to the germination media with low osmotic potentials (OP) i.e. 0, -0.2, -0.4, -0.6, -0.8, MPa, for screening 15 chickpea genotypes under controlled conditions (in incubator at 20±3 C, constant humidity 70% RH) . Complete randomized design (CRD) with three replicates was used. The germination %, germination speed, radicle and hypocotyl length, and seed vigor were studied, and the genotypes classified according to these attributes, relative drought stress indices, and Z. distribution. The results exhibited a genetic difference between the genotypes concerning the response to the application of PEG₆₀₀₀ in the media. The germination percent was decreased with the decline of osmotic potential 0, -0.2, -0.4, -0.6, -0.8, MPa, the percent of germination were (100, 87.11, 73.78, 54.11, 20.67 %) respectively, as compared with the control. While the speed of germination was (2.92, 2.14, 1.59, 0.83, 0.38) respectively. The length of epicotyl and radicle were estimated in all of tested osmotic potentials, the results showed that with decreasing the osmotic potential the length decreased, and the decrement in epicotyl was more than radicle. And seed vigor decreased with OP decreasing. According to the differences between genotypes in the response to drought stress using PEG₆₀₀₀ during germination, RDTI indices, and the z-distribution analysis, the genotypes were classified to tolerant to drought stress, i.e., Gab4, FLIP87-59C FLIP87-8C, and Gab5. and could be sown successfully under the most drought conditions, compare to other genotypes. While the genotypes Turkish, Morocco, FLIP12-250C, ILC3279, and FLIP08-42C classified the most sensitive, 

Keywords: Osmotic Potential, Polyethylene Glycol PEG₆₀₀₀, Germination Stage, Chickpea.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf