Zeinab Hasso ^{* (1)}, Maher Yousef ⁽¹⁾ and Nerouz Ferdawi ⁽¹⁾

(1). Dept. of economic, Faculty of Agriculture, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Eng. Zeinab Hasso. E-Mail: zeinabhasso1992@gmail.com).

Received    21 / 12 / 2020               Accepted    24/02/2021                         

Abstract

The aim of the research is to analyze the risk in the layer Poultry Farms of eggs in the governorate Aleppo, using the uncertainty (CE) method through the estimation of the functions of each breeder of the layer poultry breeders in the studied governorate, and use the coefficient pratt to see the desire of the producer towards risk, and use multiple linear regression model to analyze the relationship between the risk factor (dependent factory), and some of the socio-economic characteristics of the farms (independent factors). Search adopted in the implementation of the initial data for a sample of Poultry egg were chosen in a manner stratified random sample, and the volume of the sample (16) breeders. The results of that analysis (43.76%,31.25%,25%), educators were neutral towards risk, do not want to risk, they want to risk, based on that, all the breeders were taken, in order to estimate the benefit function and risk factor for each breeder the results of applying the multiple linear regression model that the experience factors and the number of birds positively affect the risk factor, and the number of individuals and the area of domesticated animals negatively affect the risk and affect the dependent factors Y of (78%), and (22%) of the effect is due to other factors has not been studied.

Keywords: Egg Producers -Social Characteristics -Economic Characteristics -The Risk -Aleppo Governorate.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Mohammad Ghoush ^{* (1)}  and     Mahmoud Alio ⁽¹⁾                 

(1). Dep. Agricultural Eco., Fac. Agric., Tishreen Univ., Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corrsponding author: Dr. Mohammad Ghoush. E-Mail:  mohammadgh85@hotmail.com).

Received: 12/12/2020                      Accepted: 7/04/2021

Abstract                                        

This study was conducted on a number of special apiaries in Lattakia Governorate, which is considered one of the most important honey bee keeping areas in Syria, With the aim of calculating the average costs and productive returns of the productive cell, and calculating some economic indicators for this type of agricultural project, using the descriptive economic analysis method, and adopting Average data on the costs and productivity returns of the studied apiaries in the economic calculations. The average annual production costs of the producing cell were 55132 S.P, and the production yield attained 117230 S.P, with an average profit of 62098  S.P, while the average net production costs of honey produced at the cell level amounted to 42318   S.P, and the net profit was 47682   S.P. On other hand, the relative net income per kilo of honey produced is 112.69 % of the total net production costs, while the rentier and profitability coefficients compared to the production costs attained 127.94% and 112.64%, respectively, and economic efficiency was about 2.13, and the Payback period period was about 2.6 years.

Key words: honeybee, analysis, production costs, relative income, profitability coefficients.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Haitham Rajab Manhi Al-Kaisi^(1)* and Samawal Saadi Abdullah Al-Tikriti⁽¹⁾        

(1). Department of Animal Production-College of Agriculture-Tikrit University-Iraq

(*Corrsponding author: Haitham alkaisi. E-Mail: haithamalkaisi85@tu.edu.iq)

Received: 27/01/2021                      Accepted:10/05/2021

 Abstract:

  This study was conducted in the poultry farm of the Animal Production Department – College of Agriculture – Tikrit University from 2/27/2019 to 3/31/2020, To demonstrate the effect of the brown and gold color of plumage and generation in Japanese quail on some productive traits, two lines of Japanese quail with a brown plumage color line consisting of (15 males and 15 females) and line with golden plumage color consisting of (15 males and 15 females) and were raised in rooms with dimensions of 40 x 40 x 40 cm and numbered, and the birds were distributed randomly to the rooms in families and each family at a rate (1: 1) each generation. The results of the study showed significant differences in the effect of plumage color in the trait of the average number of eggs during 56 days of production, while there was no significant effect on average body weight at sexual maturity, the average age at sexual maturity, the average weight of the first egg and the average weight Eggs and average egg mass during 56 days of production. The third generation and parents were superior in the average body weight at sexual maturity and the third and second generation in the trait of age at sexual maturity as well as the third generation surpassed the parents in the trait of the average number of eggs produced during 56 days, while the third and second generation outperformed. And the parents over the first generation in the trait of the average egg mass during 56 days, as for the parents, they were significantly superior to the first and second generation in the average weight of the first egg and the average egg weight within 56 days, As for the overlap between the color of the plumage and the generation, the results showed significant superiority of the third generation with brown plumage color in the trait of the average body weight at sexual maturity and the average number of eggs produced within 56 days, while the third and second generation of brown and gold plumage color were superior in the trait of average age at sexual maturity. The third generation with brown plumage color and the parents of brown and gold plumage color were more than the average egg mass during 56 days, while the parents of brown plumage color significantly outperformed the average weight of the first egg, and the parents of golden plumage color were significantly higher in the average weight of eggs produced during 56 days. We conclude from this that the color of brown plumage was significantly superior to the average number of eggs. As for the generation and the overlap between them, they were significantly affected by the productive and reproductive traits.

Key words: plumage colour, generation, Japanese quail, production traits.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Mamon Alamir*⁽¹⁾ and Samer Ebrahim ⁽¹⁾    

 (1). Microbiology Department, Veterinary Faculty- Hama University, Syria.

(*Corrsponding author: Dr. Mamon alamir. E-Mail: mamon.alamir@gmail.com)

Received: 15/01/2021                      Accepted:20/04/2021

Abstract                                                   

This research aims to investigate Necrotic Enteritis for infected birds through isolating and identification Clostridium perfringens. As well as detecting the existence of the Clostridium Perfringens from cecum for healthy birds. The study has also considered comparing the spread of Clostridium Perfringens in both healthy and infected flocks beside searching for Alpha Toxin Genes in isolates and studying the disease field condition. This has been achieved through collecting 246 samples from birds belonging to various herds and are common in different zones in Hama governorate throughout the period October 2018- October 2020. The results showed that Clostridium perfringens are existing in %22.64 of the samples taken from infected birds and in %5 of the samples taken from healthy ones. The PCR results showed the existence of alpha toxin gene in all the isolates that were collected from both infected and healthy birds. Male birds are more exposed to infection when compared to female ones as of necrotic enteritis. 82.61% of male birds have been recorded infected whereas 17.39% of female ones. The results showed that broilers were more infected than breeders, where it recorded 86.14% of broilers whereas 13.86% of breeders.

Keywords: Clostridium perfringens, necrotic enteritis, alpha toxin, chicken.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Abdul Hadi Hatabi^(1)*    

(1). Animal Prodution department, Faculty of Agriculture,University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria.

(*Corrsponding author: Dr. Abdul Hadi Hatabi. E-Mail: abdhat12@gmail.com)

Received: 2/01/2021                                   Accepted: 10/05/2021

Abstract

This study was conducted on a herd of goats in the Aleppo-Sefira governorate, during the 2018/2019 season and included / 44 / goats. The data were subjected to the General Linear Model, and analysis of variance was used to study the effect of the shape of the udder, its type, the length of the teats, the distance between them and their effect on milk production and some of its components. The results showed a significant effect of the shape and type of the udder on the total milk production and the proportion of fat and protein, while the shape and type of the udder did not affect the percentage of lactose. The overall average teat length, nipple circumference and distance between the teats were 6.16, 5.09 and 20.74 cm, respectively. It found a high significant effect of teat length in total milk production, and teat circumference in fat and protein ratio, and teat distance in total milk. The effect of teat length was significant in terms of fat and protein. There was a positive and highly significant correlation between teat length with total milk quantity and fat and protein Percentage.

Keyword: udder, goat, teat, Milk component.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Najari Sghaier ⁽¹⁾, Atoui Ahlem*⁽¹⁾ and Abdennebi Moldi ⁽¹⁾

(1). Institute of Arid Regions, Médenine. 4119. Tunisia. Faculty of sciences (F.S.G) Gabés, University of Gabés, Tunisia.

(* Corresponding author: Dr. Atoui ahlem , E-mail : ahlematoui@gmail.com)

Received date: 8/03/2021                      Acceptance date: 11/04/2021

Abstract

The growth of kids represents an important production phenotype for the local goat population in pastoral areas. Thus, daily gain is a component of the selection criteria in genetic improvement plans for the local population. The study aims to estimate the genetic parameters for the average daily gains of the local kids by fitting four random regression models including or ignoring permanent maternal or environmental genetic effects. The genetic parameters and the (co) variance components were estimated from the data of 945 kids (531 males and 414 females), from 19 bucks and 285 goats collected between 1998 and 2014. The genetic parameters were estimated for five phenotypes: ADG (1-30), ADG (31- 60), ADG (61-90), ADG (91-120), ADG (121-150). Mother’s age, mother’s weight at kidding, the interaction sex × mode of birth, and year × month of birth were included, as fixed factors, in the mixed model. The direct and maternal heritability estimates of mean daily gains vary respectively from 0.10 to 0.39 and 0.09 to 0.24 The ADG (1-30), which estimates the growth of the goat during the first month of life, had the lowest estimates of maternal and direct heritability among other age groups. The maternal component of the estimated variance is larger than the direct variance at early ages, indicating the importance of the maternal capacity of this adapted local population. The results help to develop the genetic improvement plans adapted to the production and adaptation potential of the local goat, and to the characteristics of its arid environment.

Keywords : Local kids , Mixed models Environmental effects, Average daily gains, genetic evaluation.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Faten alsafadi*⁽¹⁾, Hesham Alatwani⁽¹⁾, Abdel Mohsen Marie⁽²⁾ and Ramzi Murshid⁽³⁾  

(1). Sweida Research Centre -General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Syria.

 (2). Administration of Horticulture Research, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria.

(3). Department of Horticulture Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Damascus, Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding Author:Dr. Faten alsafadi, E.mail:  .f.alsafadi@gmail.com.)

Received: 19/01/2021                                 Accepted: 25/03/2021

Abstract:

This study was conducted at GCSAR-Swaida research center (Hout station) during the season 2018-2019, to evaluate six melon inbred lines P1(104)، P2(106)، P3(108)، P4(113)، P5(116) and P6 (118) and their 30 F₁ hybrids produced by complete diallel mating design, using RCBD with four replications. for estimate the general combining ability (GCA) effects for each parents, and the specific combining ability (SCA) for hybrids and their reciprocal, in addition to evaluate the broad and narrow sense heritability for some fruit quality traits of melon (fruit pulp thickness, dry matter, total soluble solids, total sugar, monosaccharaides, disaccharides, carotenoids, vitamin C).  The variance of GCA and SCA were significant for all studied traits, indicating the importance of additive and non-additive effects in the inheritance of these traits. The parent P5(116) showed positively significant and desirable general combining ability effects for the traits of carotenoids and sweetness of the fruits, and the parent P4(113) for the traits of the total sugars and disaccharides. The hybrids P1×P6, P2×P3 and P2×P4 showed positive specific combining ability effects for monosaccharaides, and the hybrids P1×P2 and P2×P5 for total sugars and monosaccharaides, and the hybrids P3×P5,P4×P5 and P5×P6 for disaccharides, and P1×P5 hybrid for the fruit content of carotenoids, and P1×P4 and P2×P3 hybrids for the fruit content of vitamin C, and four hybrids showed positively significant reciprocal effects for dry matter trait. The GCA/SCA showed that the non-additive gene action effects controlled the inheritance of all studied traits. The Estimates of the broad sense heritability was high in all traits. While the narrow sense heritability was an intermediate estimate for fruit content of carotenoids and total soluble solids.

Keyword: Combining Ability, Heritability, Melon, total sugar.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf 

Faten alsafadi*⁽¹⁾, Hesham Alatwani⁽¹⁾, Abdel Mohsen Marie⁽²⁾ and Ramzi Murshid⁽³⁾  

(1). Sweida Research Centre -General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Syria.

 (2). Administration of Horticulture Research, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria.

(3). Department of Horticulture Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Damascus, Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding Author:Dr. Faten alsafadi, E.mail:  .f.alsafadi@gmail.com.)

Received: 19/01/2021                                 Accepted: 25/03/2021

Abstract:

This study was conducted at GCSAR-Swaida research center (Hout station) during the season 2018-2019, to evaluate six melon inbred lines P1(104)، P2(106)، P3(108)، P4(113)، P5(116) and P6 (118) and their 30 F₁ hybrids produced by complete diallel mating design, using RCBD with four replications. for estimate the general combining ability (GCA) effects for each parents, and the specific combining ability (SCA) for hybrids and their reciprocal, in addition to evaluate the broad and narrow sense heritability for some fruit quality traits of melon (fruit pulp thickness, dry matter, total soluble solids, total sugar, monosaccharaides, disaccharides, carotenoids, vitamin C).  The variance of GCA and SCA were significant for all studied traits, indicating the importance of additive and non-additive effects in the inheritance of these traits. The parent P5(116) showed positively significant and desirable general combining ability effects for the traits of carotenoids and sweetness of the fruits, and the parent P4(113) for the traits of the total sugars and disaccharides. The hybrids P1×P6, P2×P3 and P2×P4 showed positive specific combining ability effects for monosaccharaides, and the hybrids P1×P2 and P2×P5 for total sugars and monosaccharaides, and the hybrids P3×P5,P4×P5 and P5×P6 for disaccharides, and P1×P5 hybrid for the fruit content of carotenoids, and P1×P4 and P2×P3 hybrids for the fruit content of vitamin C, and four hybrids showed positively significant reciprocal effects for dry matter trait. The GCA/SCA showed that the non-additive gene action effects controlled the inheritance of all studied traits. The Estimates of the broad sense heritability was high in all traits. While the narrow sense heritability was an intermediate estimate for fruit content of carotenoids and total soluble solids.

Keyword: Combining Ability, Heritability, Melon, total sugar.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Ali Yousif ⁽¹⁾,Ghiath Alloush *⁽²⁾ and Ahmad Jaloul ⁽¹⁾

 (1). Department of Hoticulture- Faculty of Agriculture- Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(2). Department of Soil and Water Sciences- Faculty of Agriculture- Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding Author, Dr. Ghiath Ahmad Aloush, E-Mail. galloush@scs-net.org)

Received 9/12/2020                  Accepted:  23/03/2021

Abstract:

This study aimed to investigate the tolerance of four tomato hybrid to salinity (Shanon, Merel, Julnar, and Astona) widely grown in greenhouses to salinity (0, 25, 50, 75, 100 and 150 mM NaCl) grown in nutrient solutions. Shanon hybrid had a higher shoot growth in non-saline nutrient solution (control treatment) by 10, 48, 85% compared to Astona, Julnar, and Merel, respectively. Shoot growth decreased gradually with increasing NaCl concentrations in the nutrient solutions. There were differences among tomato hybrid in their salinity critical level in which 50% of the growth is decreased. Shanon had greater shoots compared to other tomato hybrid in all applied salinity levels. Salinity influenced roots which became stunted, thick and easy to break at 75 mM NaCl, and became slobby when NaCl reached 150 mM in the nutrient solution. Root systems were reduced by 71, 46, 67, and 56% at 150mM NaCl treatments for Astona, Julnar, Merel and Shanon compared to control in which no salinity was induced. Shanon had a long root system (136 m/plant) in the control treatment compared to 113, 90, and 77 for Astona, julnar, and Merel respectively. Root growth was reduced by salinity in all hybrids right from 25 mM NaCl, but however Shanon remains with the highest root length at all applied salinity levels. Shanon root system showed a higher efficiency to absorb nutrients and nutrient translocation to the shoots for most nutrients when compared to Merel, Julnar, and Astona. All inflow rates and specific accumulation rated in the shoots were reduced gradually with increasing salinity up to 150mM NaCl in the nutrient solutions. The critical salinity level (50% reduction) varies among tomato hybrid, 50 mM NaCl for Merel and Astona, 75 mM for Julnar, and 100 mM NaCl for Shanon.

Key words: tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum), salinity, nutrient uptake, hydroponic culture, greenhouse.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Ammar Askarieh* ⁽¹⁾, Sawsan Suleiman ⁽²⁾,  and Mahasen  Tawakalna ⁽¹⁾

(1). General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Damascus (GCSAR), Syria.

(2). Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Eng. Ammar Askarieh. E-Mail: ammar.ask89@gmail.com )

Received: 31/01/2021                     Accepted: 25/05/2021

Abstract

This study was conducted during (2019-2020)  at the General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research laboratories, to assess pollen grains viability and germination capacity of four sweet cherry cultivars which spread in Al- Zabadani-Sargaya region. The pollen viability was estimated by tetrazolium chloride (TTC). The pollen was grown on 1% agar medium with (15 g sucrose + 5 ppm boric acid) and incubated at 24 ± 1 temperature for 24 hours, The results showed that pollen vitality of  (Sunburst and Lapins) cultivars was higher (63.8, 69.36 %), respectively, than pollen vitality of (Bing and Hardy giant) cultivars (50.78, 52.81 %), and as for the germination capacity,  the Sunburst pollen surpassed and its germination rate, reaching to (59.46%), followed by (Lapins) grains  (46.11%), while the germination percentage did not exceed (10.37 ,11.38  %) for (Bing and Hardy giant) cultivars. The results showed as well that pollen tube length was (1427.50 μm) for Sunburst cultivar, while it did not exceed (401 μm) for (Bing) cultivar.

Keywords: Sweet cherry, pollen grains, vitality, germination, tetrazolium chloride, pollen tube.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf