Tofek Othman *⁽¹⁾ and Omiema Nasser  ⁽¹⁾ and Haitham Eid ⁽²⁾ and Mohamed Manhal Alzoaby⁽²⁾

(1). Department of Environmental Prevention, Higher Institute for Environmental Research, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(2). General Commission of Scientific Agricultural Research.

(*Corresponding author: Tofek Othman. E-Mail: tofek.osman@gmail.com).

Received: 12/02/2021                                 Accepted: 7/04/2021

Abstract:

This research aimed to study the effect of application mineral fertilizer (MF), liquid biogas digestate (BD), on some vegetative, productive and quality characteristics of peanuts. The experiment was carried out during (2020) at Zahed station for Water and Irrigation Research, which is located in Tartous Governorate – Syria. The experiment was designed in a Randomized Complete Blocks Design (RCBD), which were 5 treatments and each of them was by 3 replications. The treatments were distributed as follows: control treatment which it was not fertilizer (T0), one MF alone (T1; N 140 kg/h, P 174 kg / h, K 80 kg/h), and three organic BD treatments (6, 8, 10) L/m²; (T2, T3, T4). The results of the statistical analysis of  the BD treatments showed the superiority of the third level (T4) treatment (10) L / m² over the first and second level (T2) and (T3) treatments in plant height, leaf index area, dry weight and biological yield characteristics. While it was not found any statistically significant difference between the two treatments of BD from (T2) and (T3) levels, according to total number of pods and pod yield characteristics. As for the oil ratio, it was found that there were no significant differences between all BD treatments at all levels. The results showed that for MF and BD treatments, each one alone, MF and BD of level T4 (10) L/ m² had the same effect on plant height, dry weight, total number of pods, biological and pod yield characteristic. As for oil ratio; it was noticed that both MF and BD had the similar effect. Also, the results of the experiment showed that both treatments MF and BD were superior to the control treatment with high significant.

Key words: Mineral fertilizer, Biogas digestate, Growth, yield, Peanut.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Bouchra Ali*⁽¹⁾ and Wadieh Khoury⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of  Natural Resources Renewable and Environment, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria.

(*Corresponding author. Dr. Bouchra Ali. E-Mail: balali76@yahoo.fr)

Received: 22/11/2020                                 Accepted: 23/03/2021

Abstract:

The objective of this study is to assessment and analysis the occurrence of drought, and its impact on surface water resources, by Standard Precipitation Index (SPI) and the Stream Drought Index (SDI). For this purpose used monthly rainfall data in Marqieh River sub basin (the coastal Basin) and Stream flow data for the period (1989-2011).To study the effect of drought on surface water resources, the first were examined the relationship between rainfall, and discharge response and a time lag of rain was calculated. Then  Standard Precipitation Index (SPI) and Stream Drought Index (SDI) evaluated on different timescales (3, 6, 9,12 monthly) using Pearson correlation. Results of both indices indicate moderate drought, and rarely extreme drought during the studied period. It is concluded that both indicators are suitable for monitoring the main droughts in the studied basin

Key words: Drought meteorological, Drought hydrological, Marqieh River Basin, SPI, SDI.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Ansam Mahmood ^(1)* and   Khlood Abid-Alelah Mohamad ⁽¹⁾

(1). Ministry of Science and Technology, Agriculture Directorate, Department of Applied Microbiology, Iraqi.

(*Corresponding author: Ansam Mahmood,E-Mail: ansambio95@gmail.com)  .

Received date: 28/12/2020              Accepted date: 10/05/2021

Abstract

This study was conducted to detect the presence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria in treated drinking water in the Al-Zafaraniya district within Baghdad Province. During the period from September 2018 to July 2019, monthly drinking water samples were collected from AL-Rasheed water treatment plant (that equipped Al-Zafaraniya district) with drinking water and from three selected sites in residential areas at different spaces. Results are expressed seasonally (Autumn, winter, spring and summer). The bacteriological results showed that the highest mean value of the presence of these bacteria was 16.3 ± 1.41CFU/100 ml at R4 site in the summer season.

Keywords: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, contamination, water treatment plant.  

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Reem Al-mansour^(1)*, Thamer Hnesh⁽¹⁾, and Zenab Tadber ⁽¹⁾

(1). Crop research addminstration, General commission for scientific agricultural research,(GCSAR) Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Reem Al-Mansour, E-Mail: reemalmansour2@yahoo.com)

Received date: 21/01/2021              Accepted date: 7/04/2021

   Abstract

Field experiment was conducted at Homs Research Center, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research during 2015, 2016 to estimate the combining ability for six inbred lines of maize, three of them were sensitive {P1 (IL-197, P2 (IL-90), P3 (IL-29)} and the others were tolerant to drought stress {P4 (IL-200), P5 (IL-339), P6 (IL-239)}. The resultant hybrids were evaluated under well watered and drought conditions applied at tasseling by using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The significant variation in the combining ability indicated the importance of both additive and non-additive gene actions in the inheritance of leaf area, leaf area index, net assimilation rate, and grain yield under both conditions. Also results showed the predominance of additive gene action, non-additive gene action under well watered and drought conditions respectively for these traits, except the grain yield trait which showed the predominance of non-additive gene action under both conditions. High narrow sense heritability for leaf area index indicated the importance of this trait in the selection for high grain yield.

Key words: Maize, General combining ability, Specific combining ability, Drought stress, Heritability.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Aya Azzam⁽¹⁾ *, Aya Kanawaty ⁽¹⁾ and Imad aldeen AlKhalaf ⁽¹⁾

(1). Dept. of  Biology, Faculty of science, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Aya azzam . E-mail: aya.azzam151094@gmail.com).

Received: 8/03/2021      Accepted: 23/05/2021

Abstract

Heavy elements have metallic properties such as electrical conductivity, which makes them more toxic even at low concentrations, and chromium is one of the most dangerous elements affecting plants by inhibition seedling and root growth in addition to its ability to reduce biomass. This research was conducted in the Laboratory of Pollution and Plant eenvironment in ddepartment of Plant bbiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Aleppo. The aim of this research is to study the effect of chromium element on growth indicators of Zea mays seedlings. The seeds were treated with a series of graduated concentrations of potassium dichromate (25-50-100-200-400) mg. Seed germination indicators represented by germination percentage, dry and wet shoots and roots lengths and weights of maize seedlings were studied. Where all the indicators of seed germination decreased in all the studied concentrations, and the two concentrations (200-400) mg / L had the greatest effect as the roots were burned and died.

Keywords: Chromium, K₂cr₂o_7, potassium dichromate , Phenotypic traits,  Zea mays.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Ahmed Kassem^(1)*, Mohamed shafiq Hakim⁽¹⁾ and Abbdullah al Youssef ⁽²⁾

(1). Dept. of Field crop, Faculty of Agriculture, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria.

(2). Aleppo Research Centre -General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Ahmed Kassem.E-mail: ahmedkassem11194@gmail.com).

Received: 23/11/2020             Accepted: 8/04/2021

Abstract   

The study was carried out during 2018/2019 season in  two locations, first at AL-sfira zone B (rainfed) and Hmayma location zone C (irrigated)  belong to Scientific Agriculture Research Center in Aleppo, the study aim to identification of  selection indicators for local wheat Lips (Triticum durum) under varying environmental conditions، 25 durum wheat genotypes of (local lines) were planted in addition to 5 cultivars Cham 3, Cham 5, Cham 7, Cham 9 and Doma1 as a check verities under two treatments (water-stress) and (un-water stress) in a randomized complete block design with two replications Grain yield were studied and the percentage of reduction was estimated as result of drought stress, the Correlation between phonological  indicators (Days to Heading, Days to Maturity), morphological (peduncle length, spike length, Awn length), Flag leaf Area  and grain yield under both conditions was estimated for determining the most effective indices which were used to breeding programs،qualities were studied use of path Analysis were studied for qualities to know the contribution of each attribute yields ،The result showed the drought stress reduced grain yield for all genotypes significantly,  the lowest decreases was observed in cham5 compared to the rest of control and genotypes with decrease of (8.15%) which gave the highest productivity in rainfed agriculture conditions by (3289 kg/h) followed by the genotype Horani nawawy with a decrease of (9.85%) with a productivity of (2653 kg/h). The result showed presence of positive and high moral genetic and phenotypic link between grain yield and (Grains Per Spike, 1000 – Kernel Weigh) While the link was negative and highly moral with (Days to Heading, Days to Maturity) the weight attribute of one thousand tablets is more contributing to yield with positive direct effect(0.35) in irrigated farming conditions، in rainfed agriculture the results indicated a positive and highly significant genetic and phenotypic correlation between grain yield and (1000 – Kernel Weight, Spikes Per Unit Area, Flag Leaf Area, Awn Length) while the link was negative and highly moral with (Days to Heading, Days to Maturity) the number of spikes per square meter was the most direct attribute of yield with positive direct effect (0.282)، the recipe for number of days until splicing had a direct negative effect on grain yield (-0.403).  

Key wards: Durum Wheat, Selection indices, Drought Tolerance, combined analysis ، path Analysis.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Yasmine Ghandour ^(1*),Mahmood Alio⁽¹⁾ and Omar Farousi ⁽¹⁾

(1). Dep. Agricultural Economics., Fac. Agric., Tishreen Univ., Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Eng. Yasmine Ghandour. E-mail: sisialamera121212@gmail.com).

Received: 23/11/2020         Accepted: 24/02/2021

Abstract

The aim of the research is to establish an integrated database for poultry layers farms in the coastal region of Syria, focusing on the Jeriemquia poultry farm as a case study. Where the research was carried out by relying on a field questionnaire with the aim of identifying the technical characteristics of the poultry farm and all the production and marketing processes of the poultry for the production cycle 2018-2019. The research relied on comparing the results of the descriptive analysis of financial indicators with their value resulted from the database analysis to shed light on the most important features of the database compared to traditional methods of records management. Access 2010 was used to design and build the desired database. The results showed that the resulting database was characterized by flexibility and the ability to relate the basic variables to each other. According to this rule, the health indicators of the herd were monitored, the most important of which was the total mortality rate, which amounted to about 4.7% on average during the production cycle. The weekly consumption of feed from 70-750g / bird is an average of 620g / bird per week. Likewise, with regard to egg production, as the total egg production of the studied flock reached 16.5 million eggs. Taking in consideration the flock size that estimated at 60 thousand birds at the beginning of the period, the average productivity of the bird in the studied poultry reached 326 eggs / production cycle, with an average of 60.3 grams per egg. As for the financial analysis, the characteristics of the logical database were used to build relationships and inquiries in order to calculate costs and revenues, as it was found that the studied poultry farm was able to achieve net revenues from one production cycle estimated at about 26.4 million SP. This is mainly due to the ability of the domesticated animal to obtain basic fodder and some other inputs from government institutions at reduced prices compared to the market. As the total costs of one production cycle in this farmhouse were about 515.8 million SP. The cost of feed was the most important item by 82.3%, followed by the value of chicks by 4.1%, then fuel and veterinary medicinal materials at a rate of 3.7 and 3.3% for each, respectively.

Key words: database, poultry layers, table eggs, ACCESS Database.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Maya Al-Abdala^*(1), Safwan Abou Assaf ^{( 1)} and Afraa Sallowm ⁽²⁾

(1). Socio Economic Directorate, Swaida Research Centre, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria.

(2). Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Eng. Maya Al- Abdala. E-mail: mayaabdala6@gmail.com).

Received: 19/10/2020         Accepted: 20/04/2021

Abstract:

The research aimed to study the basic economic indicators of productivity and profitability in broiler breeding projects in Swaida region, located in Syria. Primary data obtained through a questionnaire that targeted broiler breeders in 2018, by sample size (total 104) broilers representing 50% of the studied statistical community. The results showed that the broiler projects at the sample level did not show economic feasibility in terms of all the economic indicators for the summer operating cycle, as indicated by the following indicators: Net income of 33346.7 SP/unit. And the value of the gross margin 318146.7 SP / And the slight rise in the ratio of revenues to the costs from the correct one. Which amounted to 1.004% and the operating ratio of 0.99% and the profitability of the Syrian Lira invested at 0.4%. And the analysis of financial indicators at the level of categories has been found that the third category with a production capacity of more than 7,500 birds showed all indicators of economic feasibility. These projects are economically viable and demonstrate the ability of these projects to pay their cash and non-monetary obligations. While the winter operating cycle showed unfeasibility of these projects, whether at the sample level or at the level of all studied categories. The study also recommended the need to pay attention to small production capacities, and try to merge them with each other and develop them to increase their profitability. It is preferable to go to the poultry farms with the largest production capacity (whose production capacity exceeds 7500 birds), especially after it became clear that the poultry with medium and small production capacities was not feasible.

Keyword: Revenues, Financial Evaluation, Costs, Economic Capacities, Broiler.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Maya Al-Abdala^*(1), Safwan Abou Assaf ^{( 1)} and Afraa Sallowm ⁽²⁾

(1). Socio Economic Directorate, Swaida Research Center, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria.

(2) Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Eng. Maya Al- Abdala. E-mail: mayaabdala6@gmail.com).

Received: 19/10/2020         Accepted: 20/04/2021

Abstract:

The research aimed to study the basic economic indicators of productivity and profitability in broiler breeding projects in Swaida region, located in Syria. Primary data obtained through a questionnaire that targeted broiler breeders in 2018, by sample size (total 104) broilers representing 50% of the studied statistical community. The results showed that the broiler projects at the sample level did not show economic feasibility in terms of all the economic indicators for the summer operating cycle, as indicated by the following indicators: Net income of 33346.7 SP/unit. And the value of the gross margin 318146.7 SP / And the slight rise in the ratio of revenues to the costs from the correct one. Which amounted to 1.004% and the operating ratio of 0.99% and the profitability of the Syrian Lira invested at 0.4%. And the analysis of financial indicators at the level of categories has been found that the third category with a production capacity of more than 7,500 birds showed all indicators of economic feasibility. These projects are economically viable and demonstrate the ability of these projects to pay their cash and non-monetary obligations. While the winter operating cycle showed unfeasibility of these projects, whether at the sample level or at the level of all studied categories. The study also recommended the need to pay attention to small production capacities, and try to merge them with each other and develop them to increase their profitability. It is preferable to go to the poultry farms with the largest production capacity (whose production capacity exceeds 7500 birds), especially after it became clear that the poultry with medium and small production capacities was not feasible.

Keyword: Revenues, Financial Evaluation, Costs, Economic Capacities, Broiler.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf 

Suzan Moualla ^{(1) *}and  Ghassan Yaqoub ⁽¹⁾

(1) . Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Latakia, Syria.

 (*Corresponding author: Eng. Suzan Moualla. E- Mail: suzymualla@gmail.com).  

Received: 3/01/2021           Accepted: 13/06/2021

Abstract  

The research was carried out in the Sheikh Badr district in Tartous governorate for the 2019 agricultural season due the importance of cultivating the tobacco crop in this region, A cluster random sample was taken and the sample size was calculated according to Morgan. A special search questionnaire was designed and its data collected from 355 views. The study aimed to study the reality of tobacco cultivation in Syria in general and the relative importance of its cultivation in Tartous governorate in particular in addition to identifying the most prominent training needs of farmers and production constraints it also aimed to study the most important financial indicators of tobacco cultivation. the study found that the most important training needs for farmers are methods of identifying and controlling diseases that affect the crop, Also, the majority of farmers suffer from the lack of effective pesticides, their high prices, and the lack of seeds in a timely manner. The total production costs per dunum were about (175595) SP, the net farm income per dunum was about (73730) SP and the profit was about (58405) SP .the study recommended expansion by supporting the cultivation of the tobacco crop, conducting and encouraging research in the field of plant protection, in addition to improving extension activities and enhancing the role of the agricultural guide                 

Keywords: tobacco, production costs, net farm income, profit.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf