Hala Al-alagouria^(1)* Imad Ismail⁽¹⁾ Badea Samra⁽²⁾ and Fahd Soheoni⁽³⁾

(1). Department of plant protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen university, Lattakia, Syria.

(2). Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen university, Lattakia, Syria.

(3). Faculty of Second Agriculture, Aleppo university, Idlep. Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Hla Alajouria. E-mail:  hlaalajouria1986@gmail.com)

Received: 21/01/2021                                 Accepted: 20/04/2021

Abstract

The field experiment was conducted at an Al-Muturki village in Lattakia Governorate, during 2019/2020 growing season in the autumn knot and the experiment was repeated in the spring loop to study the effect Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) infection on indicators of vegetative growth of four hybrids of pepper plants Taline F1, Amani F1, Harek F1 and Marvilo F1 at three times after viral infection 15, 30, 45 days. The experiment was carried out using the randomized complete block design with 8 treatments and 4 replicates per treatment. The results showed in autumn and spring planting that, the symptoms of infection with Cucumbr mosaic virus appeared on all hybrids of peppers, infected with the virus, the severity of the symptoms varied on hybrids after 15, 30, 45 days after infection. Infection with Cucumber mosaic virus affected on the vegetative growth indicators (apparent symptoms, the number of leaves, number of branches and plant height) after 15 days of viral infection, the highest effect of the viral infection was 30 days after infection, Where the values indicators ​​of vegetative growth of the hybrids of infected peppers decreased by significant differences compared to control plants. As for 45 days after infection with the virus, the effect of the viral infection decreased with the age of the plant. On the three dates, the decrease in the values of indicators of vegetation in spring loop higher than the decrease in the values in autumnal knot.                                                                                             

Key word: Pepper, Cucumber mosaic virus, Hybrids, Vegetative growth. 

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Yasmine Alewi*⁽¹⁾,Kinan Abo jahjah⁽¹⁾, Morhef Abo Ein⁽¹⁾ and Waddah Alsayed⁽¹⁾    

(1).Second Faculty of Agriculture, Damascus University, Syria.

(*Corrsponding author: Yasmine Alewi. E-Mail: J.alewi@hotmail.com)

Received: 27/10/2020                                 Accepted: 23/03/2021

Abstract

We surveyed and classified wild plants that grow in Tal Shehan, Jabal Al Arab- Alswayda governorate in the period between Aughust 2019 and July 2020. Through periodical Field tours to collect samples of the growing plants, Classify them, determine the degree of their spread and determine the endangered species We have been Identified /30/ thirty plant species belong to several plant families: Apiaceae, Asteraceae, Boraginaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Chenopodiaceae,  Fabaceae, Iridaceae,  Lamiaceae, Papaveraceae, Poaceae, Polygonaceae and Scrophulariaceae.   On the other hand, no specimens of the plant species had mentioned previously to have spread in Tal Shihan by Mouterde (1983) were surveyed and these species are: Achillea fragrantissima, Allium drusorum, Androsace maxima, Antirrhinum orontium, Astragalus guttatus, Helianthemum ledifolium, Hypericum olieviri, Myosotis refracta, Paronychia Arabica, Prangos hermonis and Pterocephalus pulverulentus, Salvia palaestina. This indicates that these species have become extinct or threatened with extinction.

Keyword: Weeds, Tal Shihan, Alswayda, species plants.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Mohannad al-ebrahim al-ghajar ^*(1)

(1). Dept. Of Soil and Land Reclamation, Faculty of Agriculture, University of AL- Furat, Hassakeh, Syria.

^(*Corresponding  author: Mohannad alebrahim alghajar. E-mail :mohanadghajar@ gmail.com)

Received: 3/01/2021                    Accepted: 27/05/2021

Abstract

The research was carried in soils North of Aleppo government, to determine the level of available iron existence, and finding correlation between studied Soil properties and available iron. For this purpose, 30 compound soil samples were taken from different locations in North of Aleppo government, at surface depth (0-30) cm by( ugure). to determine of chemical and physical properties that effect on availability of iron.Results of study showed that ,soil of studied locations in west of  Aleppo were (loam, loam clay), pH soil was basic ,none salty, have high content of calcium carbonate, and lime Active , medium content of  organic matter (0.93-3.3)% who effected on available iron (0.64-3.11)ppm. In addition to correlation were studied between chemical properties and available iron ,strong negative linear correlation was observed  between available iron and (soil PH, calcium carbonate ,lime Active Reached to (r²=0.97, r² =0.60, r² =0.90 (respectively. which were  bigger role in fixing of iron ,while was strong positive significant correlation between available iron and (Clay percentage , organic matter, CEC) Reached to (r²=0.94, r² =0.83, r² =0.52 (respectively. 

Keywords: calcium carbonate, active lime, clay, organic matter ,available iron. 

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Moeen Najm Al-Abdullah⁽¹⁾,  Lubna Al-Bashi^{(2) *} and  Anoar alsed ⁽¹⁾

(1).  Soil and Land Reclamation Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Furrat University, Dier Azure, Syria.

(2). Natural Resources Administration, GCSAR, Damascus, Syria.

(* Corresponding: Lubna Al-Bashi, E-mail  lubnabashshe@gmail.com)

Received; 27/11/2020                    Accepted: 7/04/2021

Abstract:

The experiment was carried out at the Salou Research Station of the Agricultural Scientific Research Center in Deir Ezzor to study the effect of foliar spray with solutions of increasing concentrations of boron (30,25,20,15,10,5,0) PPM on the growth and productivity of peas. The experiment was planted on 12/12/2020. /. Use the borax solution in the first spraying process in the young phase (6) leaves, at a rate of 10 ml per plant, and the rest of the solution (90 ml) was sprayed before flowering. The experiment was designed in a way to complete the random random sectors (RCBD) with three replicates per transaction. The results showed that the treatment of B5 exceeded the rest of the treatments in terms of the studied indicators (number of pods, century length, number of pills per century, weight of 100 tablets). When treatment B6, the studied indicators began to decline gradually to reach the lowest value at B7.

Key words: Foliar spray, borax, boron, pea

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Kamel Khalil*⁽¹⁾, Mahmoud Ali ⁽²⁾, Lubna Hassn⁽²⁾

(1). Environmental Prevention Department, Higher Institute for Environmental Research, Tishreen University.

(2). Department of Forestry and Ecology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University.

(*Corresponding author:Dr. Kamel Khalil. Email: d.kamelkhalil@tishreen.edu.sy)

Received date: 27/11/ 2020              Accepted date: 7/04/2021 

Abstract:

This study aimed to estimate the concentration of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) elements in the thalli of lichen Parmelina pastillifera taken from the Cedar and fir reserve in Slunfah which is an unpolluted area (control area: STC) on 1/6/2019 and transplanted to four sites (ST1, ST2, ST3, ST4) in the city of Latakia (rural and urban), differentiated according to the traffic density and industrial activity. The concentration of lead and cadmium was determined by using the atomic absorption spectrophotometer after placing the lichen in the four sites for grades  periods of time 2, 4, and 6 months of exposure. The results showed an increase in the accumulation of lead and cadmium elements over time at all sites compared with the control. The lead concentration ranged in the sites (53.33-97.17 ppm) and the control (5.75 ppm), and the highest concentration of lead was at the site (ST4), an area of industrial activity. The cadmium concentration ranged (15.10-17.76 ppm) and the control (0.63 ppm) and the highest concentration of cadmium was on site (ST4). The Exposure- to -Control (EC) ranged for lead (9.36-16.90) and for cadmium (23.84-28.04). This means that there is a severe bioaccumulation of the two elements in all sites. As a result, we can consider that Parmelina pastillifera lichen is an effective bioaccumulator that can be adopted in environmental studies for estimating heavy elements (lead and cadmium) in cities where the lichens are missing.

Key words: Transplanted lichens, Parmelina pastillifera, Bioaccumulator, Lead, Ccadmium, Lattakia, Syria.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Kamel Khalil*⁽¹⁾, Mahmoud Ali ⁽²⁾, Lubna Hassn⁽²⁾

(1). Environmental Prevention Department, Higher Institute for Environmental Research, Tishreen University.

(2). Department of Forestry and Ecology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University. (*Corresponding author:Dr. Kamel Khalil. Email: d.kamelkhalil@tishreen.edu.sy)

Received date: 27/11/ 2020              Accepted date: 7/04/2021 

Abstract:

This study aimed to estimate the concentration of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) elements in the thalli of lichen Parmelina pastillifera taken from the Cedar and fir reserve in Slunfah which is an unpolluted area (control area: STC) on 1/6/2019 and transplanted to four sites (ST1, ST2, ST3, ST4) in the city of Latakia (rural and urban), differentiated according to the traffic density and industrial activity. The concentration of lead and cadmium was determined by using the atomic absorption spectrophotometer after placing the lichen in the four sites for grades  periods of time 2, 4, and 6 months of exposure. The results showed an increase in the accumulation of lead and cadmium elements over time at all sites compared with the control. The lead concentration ranged in the sites (53.33-97.17 ppm) and the control (5.75 ppm), and the highest concentration of lead was at the site (ST4), an area of industrial activity. The cadmium concentration ranged (15.10-17.76 ppm) and the control (0.63 ppm) and the highest concentration of cadmium was on site (ST4). The Exposure- to -Control (EC) ranged for lead (9.36-16.90) and for cadmium (23.84-28.04). This means that there is a severe bioaccumulation of the two elements in all sites. As a result, we can consider that Parmelina pastillifera lichen is an effective bioaccumulator that can be adopted in environmental studies for estimating heavy elements (lead and cadmium) in cities where the lichens are missing.

Key words: Transplanted lichens, Parmelina pastillifera, Bioaccumulator, Lead, Ccadmium, Lattakia, Syria.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Ghiath Abd-al Hameed ^(1)* and Ibrahim Nesafe ⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Forestry and Ecology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, lattakia, Syria.

(*correspondence: Ghath abd-al hameed. Email: ghiath.277@gmail.com)

Received date: 31/01/ 2021                 Accepted date: 10/05/2021

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to estimate the degree of contamination of soils surrounding the Safraqiah’s Dam in Qurdaha city in Lattakia by lead (Pb), and Nickel (Ni), and study their mobility by estimating the total amount by using the method of digestion with aqua regia, and water extracted form (dissolved form) in the area’s soils. Soil samples were collected from eight sites on surrounding sides of the Safrqiah’s Dam and on two depths (0-30 cm) \ (30-60 cm), for estimating some physical and chemical properties of the soil, and the total and the water-soluble forms. The mean achieved results that the total amount of Pb element was within normal limits is the agricultural lands, because it did not exceed (100 mg/kg), but it was outside the permissible limits in agricultural lands of Ni (50 mg/kg). While the amount of dissolved forms were high for the both elements, it was (2.57 mg\kg) for lead and (2.65 mg\kg) for nickel. On the other hand the percentage for water soluble forms of the total amount was for Pb and Ni (3.25%), (5.1%) respectively. Thus, there is a leaching risk in to the ground water and a possibility of absorption by the plants, especially in clay to sandy soils

Key words: Soil pollution, Heavy metals, Lead, Nickel.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Ali Al-haj Akeel^(1)*, Muhammad Nour Al-dean Al-tenbi⁽¹⁾ and Youssef  Khoudary⁽²⁾

(1). Rural Engineering Department, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, University of Aleppo.

(2).  Soil Reclamation Department, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, University of Aleppo.

(*Corresponding author: Ali Al-haj Akeel. E-Mail: ali.hagaqil@gmail.com).

Received: 25/02 /2021                         Accepted: 20/04/2021

Abstract

The aim of the experiment was to study the effect of different roller shapes (smooth, sharp discs, serrated discs, reciprocating discs) on loam soil physical characteristic and the productivity of lentil yield. An Experiment conducted at village of Tarhine, in the Al-Urimah area in the governorate of Aleppo, bypassing the rollers over the soil after planting in its various forms, and then comparing it with the treatment of control. The results showed that all forms of roller worked to increase the bulk density value and reduce the porosity value, in contrast to the disc roller treatment that reduced bulk density and increased porosity, as well as all forms of roller worked to reduce the value of soil moisture content, compared with the control treatment. Also, all shapes increased the resistance to soil penetration in different percentage compared to the control, and the highest was in the smooth roller and the lowest in the disc roller. Among the indicators of the ability of the soil to retain water after irrigation, the building factor, the percentage of germination and the productivity of the lentil crop. These indicators were the highest in the treatment of reciprocating roller, while the smooth roller treatment gave the lowest values ​​for these indicators.

Keywords: roller, bulk density, porosity, Physical Properties.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Alaa Khallouf ^(1)*, Sameer Shamsham⁽¹⁾ and Younis Idriss⁽²⁾

(1). Department of Soil and Land reclamation- Faculty of Agriculture- Al-Baath University, Homas, Syria.

(2).Researcher, General Organization of Remote Sensing (GORS)

(*corresponding: Eng. Alaa Khallouf Email: alaakhallouf@gmail.com).

Received: 21/11/2020                     Accepted: 10/05/2021

Abstract

The research aims to study of using remote sensing data, including Landsat 8 OLI and DEM (Digital Elevation Model), to predict available micronutrients (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, B) in Misyaf region- Hamah governorate. 56 soil samples were taken in August 2020. The Landsat 8 OLI image was processed and some vegetation indices (NDVI, SAVI, GSAVI) were derived. A Stepwise regression was set based all soil samples in adopting micronutrients- predictive models, while cross-validation method was used to evaluate the performance and the accuracy of the model based on the coefficient of determination(R²), the adjusted coefficient of determination (R²adj), mean absolute error (MAE), and root mean square error (RMSE). The results revealed that the topographic factor, particularly elevation, was the most significant factor in predicting Fe, Mn, and Cu with a positive relationship, while Zn had a different behavior, since EVI index was the most important index in predicting of boron. The performance validating the of the models show, the coefficient of determination and the adjusted coefficient of determination of the Fe model were 81.5 and 80.8%, respectively, with RMSE = 2.183 mg/kg, and MAE = 0.744. For manganese, it was found that the model with R² = 66.1%, while the adjusted coefficient of determination = 64.7%, for calibration of the model, it was found that MAE = 0.562 and RMSE = 2.091 mg / kg.

Key words: Basalt-developed Soils, Landsat8 OLI, Micronutrients, Multiple Linear Regression, Misyaf.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Sawsan Hayfa ^(1)*, Amina Alnesser ⁽²⁾and Suzan Abdullah ⁽²⁾

(1). Soil and water science department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University.

 (2) .Basic science department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University.  

 (* Corresponding author: Prof. Sawsan Hayfa.. E-mail: sawsan.hayfa@tishreen.edu.sy).

Received: 5/01/2021                              Accepted: 23/03/2021

Abstract:     

In this study, the total concentration and changeable (mutual) concentration of Cadmium were determined in the agricultural soils in Banias region( Tartous- Syria). Soil samples from five sites from the north-east of the thermal station and the following dimensions: first 200 m, second 2000 m, third 4000 m, fourth 6000 m, fifth 8000 m from the thermal station. samples we taken at each site from two layers: sample from topsoil (0-20)cm, and sample from subsoil (20-40)cm. The relationship studied between this concentration and some soil properties.  The study showed that the total concentration of cadmium in the surface layer of soil ranged between 1.82 – 1.35 mg/kg In the subsurface soils 1.85 – 1.29 mg/kg. The values ​​of changeable concentrations cadmium in topsoil ranged between 0.87 – 0.66mg/kg and in subsoil 0.83 – 0.63 mg/kg. The concentration of cadmium in the topsoil is higher than the subsoil at all sites. All concentrations are within the natural limits and did not exceed the critical limit of 2 mg/kg, There was a positive correlation between total amount of cadmium with organic matter, clay content of soils, CEC and distance of station.

Keywords: Environmental pollution, soil properties, Cadmium, Banyas thermal station.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf