Razan Hallak (1)* and Naim al-Husien1
(1) General Commission of Scientific Agriculture Center of Aleppo, GCSAR, Aleppo, Syria.
(*corresponding author: Razan Halak. E-mail : razanhalla@gmail.com)
Abstract
Awassi sheep are one of the most important breeds of sheep in the world and are characterized by high productivity in both meat and milk. So, for the importance of defining the profile for this race, the objective of this study was to identify new functionally annotated SSR markers assigned to specific chromosome regions and to ensure their accuracy and specificity by In-silico PCR. This study was carried out in the biotechnology division of Aleppo Research Center in 2019, whole genomic sequences of Awassi race (Ovis aries Awassi) have been in-silico analyzed starting from blasting them with sheep reference genome in order to define their specific loci, then comparing them to protein databases to specify their functional annotations, and mining all SSRs from all studied sequences. The study identified genetic loci for 95.9% of the studied sequences, functionally annotated the genomic sequences, and identified the loci of SSRs associated with functional proteins. 15,696 sequences were functionally annotated and assigned to specific genes, the result showed that 962 SSRs are related to genes and associated with unique and specific geneti loci, while, 524 functional SSR without association, and 61,824 SSRs with specific loci without any relation to Known genes, 53,214 functional sequences with specific genetic loci were defined without any SSRs which may be an important source of other markers, Finally, primers where designed in this study for 382 SSR linked to a functional protein with specific loci, the results of In-Silico PCR showed that 196 specialized primers gave a single amplification, which can be laboratory tested on races and species before being adopted as markers of required genes used in breeding programs.
Keywords: Sheep, Awassi, Genome, functional annotation, Bioinformatics.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Abo Al Alaa Zarka (1) , Nadine Mohamed Asaad (1), and Tayseer Fouad Hatem (2)
(1) . Agricultural Scientific Research Center in Lattakia, Ciano Research Station, Syria,
(2) . Department of Economic Studies Research, Damascus, Syria.
(*Corresponding author: Dr. Abo Al Alaa Zarka. E-Mail: dralaazarka81@gmail.com.
Abstract:
The research aimed to study the impact of organizational structure characteristics and participation in the decision-making process on the performance of workers in the Ugarit commercial facility (natural juice and soft drinks company). To achieve this goal, a questionnaire was developed and distributed to a stratified random sample of (150) employees. (134) valid questionnaires (89%) were recovered. After conducting the necessary statistical analysis, the research reached the following results: There is a statistically significant effect (α = 0.05) on the characteristics of the organizational structure, and participation in the decision-making process on the performance of workers in the Ugarit business.There is a statistically significant effect of some personal variables (gender, educational level, number of years of experience) on the performance of workers, while the age variable did not affect statistically significant. It was recommended that management should make every effort to continue the continuous improvement of its organizational structure, with the aim of improving the performance of its employees, by encouraging individual initiatives and suggestions, and holding regular meetings and seminars between departments. To reconsider the management philosophy in terms of delegating part of the powers and following the open-door policy
keywords: Organizational structure, decision making, worker performance, company structure

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Hussain Almahasneh^*(1) and Jamal Saleh⁽¹⁾

(1) Plant Resources Department, ACSAD, P.O, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Hussain Almahasneh. E-Mail: hussain_1974h@hotmail.com)

Abstract

A field experiment was conducted in Izraa Research Station- ACSAD, during the growing seasons (2018/2019), in order to evaluate the performance of two wheat cultivars (ACSAD-1133 and ACSAD-1229) under conservation agriculture (CA) compared with conventional tillage system (CT) in rotation with chickpea crop and without crop rotation. The experiment was laid out using a randomized complete block design with split plots arrangement in four replicates. The results showed significant differences (P<0.05) overall studied traits, the mean value of grain yield was highest under CA-system (4530 kg/ha) compared with CT system (3904 kg/ha), and under the application of crop rotation (4333 kg/ha) compared with no crop rotation (4102 kg/ha). The mean value of grain yield was significantly higher in the cultivar of durum wheat ACSAD1229 (4349 kg/ha) compared with bread wheat cultivar ACSAD1133 (4086 kg/ha). The statistical analysis results indicated significant differences in water use efficiency (WUE) among conservation and traditional cultivation systems, where the CA-system surpassed in WUE (12.79 kg/mm rainfall/season) over the CT-system (11.02 kg/mm rainfall/season), the mean gross income and net income higher under CA-system (838050, 728050 SP respectively) compared to CT-system (722240, 587240 SP respectively), with reduction percentage in the cost of cultivation (20%). Application of CA-system recorded a significant increase in soil content of organic matter, mineral nitrogen, and available phosphorus (1.240 %, 11.67 mg/kg soil, 21.79mg/kg soil respectively) compared with CT-system (1.182 %, 10.47 mg/kg soil, 19.35mg/kg soil respectively). These results confirm the importance of the application CA-system as a complete package in order to have CA-application benefits which had useful effects in improving wheat productivity under rainfed conditions and improving soil chemical properties.

Keywords: Wheat, Conservation agriculture (CA), Conventional tillage (CT),Grain yield, Soil properties.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf 

Fadi Abbas*⁽¹⁾ Thamer AlHunish⁽²⁾ Entessar Al-Jbawi ⁽³⁾Manal Osman⁽²⁾

• Scientific Agriculture Research Center of Homs, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Syria.
• Crops Research Administration, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR).
• Ministry of Agrarian Reform, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr.Fadi Abbas. E-Mail: fadiab77@gmail.com)

Abstract

Lab and field experiments were conducted at Homs Agriculture Research Station, during 2019. In the lab experiment, PEG₆₀₀₀ was applied to the germination medium with low osmotic potentials (OP) i.e. 0, -2, -4, -6, -8 and -10 bar. In the field experiment, the varieties were subjected to water stress (no irrigation during the growing season) in addition to the irrigated control. Those experiments aimed to screen the quinoa varieties based on the relative drought tolerance indexes (RDTI), and to assess the response of some growth and yield indicators to drought in the field. The lab trial was designed according to the completely randomized design (CRD) with six replicates while Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) which arranged according to split plot design was used for the field experiment with three replicates. The lab experiment results showed variation between the varieties regarding the response to the application of PEG6000 in the medium. The two varieties NSL106398 and Giza1 achieved the highest rates in germination percent and speed, with significant differences compared to other varieties.  The drought tolerance indexes were studied to determine the differences between the varieties and the previous two varieties were considered drought tolerant at the germination stage, where they achieved the highest values with significant differences compared to other varieties (Titicaca, Q26,  and Red Carina) which considered drought sensitive. In the field experiment, the time required for physiological maturity decreased  significantly, and the effect of water stress on plant height was also negatively observed,  so the two varieties NSL106398 and Giza1 achieved the lowest rates (7.69, 7.08%) respectively, with significant differences compare to the other varieties which decreased by 17.70 to 22.82%. In term of grain yield, the same two varieties NSL106398 and Giza1 achieved the lowest rates of decline (16.19, 14.75%) respectively, with significant differences compare to the other varieties (Titicaca, Red Carina ,  and Q26) which decreased by (46.18, 39.34, 35.28%) respectively.

Key words: Water stress, PEG₆₀₀₀, Relative drought tolerance  index, Grain yield,  Quinoa.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Saleh Saleh^(1)*,Abdullah Al-Yousef^(1),M.Shafik Hakim^(2),Ahmad Shams Aldien Shaaban⁽³⁾

(1)General Community for Scientific Agriculture Research, Aleppo Research Center, Aleppo, Syria.

(2) Field Crop Dept., Faculty of Agriculture, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria.

(3) Faculty of Technical Engineering, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria.

)*Corresponding author: Saleh Saleh, Email:  Salehalsaleh989@gmail.com(

Abstract

The Research was conducted at western of Al Sfireh city site belonged to Agriculture Scientific Research Center of Aleppo, during 2015/2016 & 2016/2017 cropping seasons, The study aimed to evaluation behavior some grain yield traits of barley genotypes using diallel cross, therefore, the performance of seven barley genotypes. Three of them locals: Arabi Aswad (P1), Arabi Abyad (P2) & Furat 3 (P3), and four  introduced: Alanda-01 (P4), Rihan-03 (P5), Arizona (P6) & Avit (P7) and there half di-allel  hybrids. In the first season (2015/2016) the parent genotypes were planted at the end of November, and 10 spikes from each parental genotype were serialized and pollinated in one direction to obtain each hybrids group) half di-allel   Crosse). So, 21 hybrids were obtained. In the second season (2016/2017) F0 and parental seeds were planted and estimated to the following traits spike length cm,  number of grain / spike, grain weight / spike, ,  fertile tillering/plant. The results were analyzed using the computer program Genstat 12. The hybridization efficiency  based on the mid parent and best parent and the tester cultivar, the general and specific combining ability, and general heredity were estimated. The study of hybrid vigor showed the influence of significantly and highly  significantly hybrid vigor hybrid vigor in some hybrids for all studied trai.  The general combining ability (GCA)  study showed that the parent genotype P1 has a high GCA for traits of number of fertile tillers / plant, number of grains per spike The parental genotype P3 for the traits earliness and the number of fertile tillers / plant , spike length  and of 1000 kernel weight.  This means that these parental genotypes have the largest number of genes with additive  effects which play a significant role in the heredity of the above mentioned traits .  There were significant and highly  significant  values for the specific combining ability ( SCA) in several hybrids groups including groups resulting from parents have highly GSC   such as group (p1*p3) for earliness traits and number of fertile tillers / plant and spike length and number grain per spike . and the genetic interaction in these groups form the ( additive x additive) type  .Therefore these groups are considered as promising hybrids and it’s useful to select these  hybrids and to follow them in the next segregating generations because the low genetic segregations. The heritability were high for the most studied traits which indicated to the importance of the total genetic variability  in the inheritance of these traits .

Keyword: Diallel, Heterosis, Combining Ability, Heritability, Producti, Traits, Barley.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Ahmed Qasim* ⁽¹⁾, Mohammad Shafik Hakim ⁽¹⁾ and Abdallah Al–Yossef ⁽²⁾.

• Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Aleppo.
• Research center in Aleppo, GCAR, Syria.

(*Corrsponding author: Ahmed Qasim. . E-Mail: Ahmedkassem11194@gmail.com).

Abstract   

The study was carried out during 2018/2019 season in  two locations, first at AL-sfira zone B (rainfed) and Hmayma location zone C (irrigated)  belong to Scientific Agriculture Research Center in Aleppo, the study aim to identification of  selection indicators for local wheat Lips (Triticum durum) under varying environmental conditions، 25 durum wheat genotypes of (local lines) were planted in addition to 5 cultivars Cham 3, Cham 5, Cham 7, Cham 9 and Doma1 as a check verities under two treatments (water-stress) and (un-water stress) in a randomized complete block design with two replications Grain yield were studied and the percentage of reduction was estimated as result of drought stress, the Correlation between phonological  indicators (Days to Heading, Days to Maturity), morphological (peduncle length, spike length, Awn length), Flag leaf Area  and grain yield under both conditions was estimated for determining the most effective indices which were used to breeding programs،qualities were studied use of path Analysis were studied for qualities to know the contribution of each attribute yields ،The result showed the drought stress reduced grain yield for all genotypes significantly,  the lowest decreases was observed in cham5 compared to the rest of control and genotypes with decrease of (8.15%) which gave the highest productivity in rainfed agriculture conditions by (3289 kg/h) followed by the genotype Horani nawawy with a decrease of (9.85%) with a productivity of (2653 kg/h). The result showed presence of positive and high moral genetic and phenotypic link between grain yield and (Grains Per Spike, 1000 – Kernel Weigh) While the link was negative and highly moral with (Days to Heading, Days to Maturity) the weight attribute of one thousand tablets is more contributing to yield with positive direct effect(0.35) in irrigated farming conditions، in rainfed agriculture the results indicated a positive and highly significant genetic and phenotypic correlation between grain yield and (1000 – Kernel Weight, Spikes Per Unit Area, Flag Leaf Area, Awn Length) while the link was negative and highly moral with (Days to Heading, Days to Maturity) the number of spikes per square meter was the most direct attribute of yield with positive direct effect (0.282)، the recipe for number of days until splicing had a direct negative effect on grain yield (-0.403).  

Keywards: Durum Wheat, Selection indices , Drought Tolerance, combined analysis ، path Analysis.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

1. Essa¹; N. Asaad¹; A. Katnaji²; N. El Hosien² and M. Al Debss³

(1) Al-Ghab Center for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR)

(2) Aleppo Center for Scientific Agricultural Research, (GCSAR)

(3) General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR).

(*Corresponding author: Nader Asaad . E-Mail:  asaad_nader@yahoo.com).

Abstract

The work was carried out in the Al-Ghab Agricultural Scientific Research center and Tel-Hadya station, which is related to the Agricultural Scientific Research Centre of Aleppo, during the 2017-2018, and 2018-2019 cropping seasons. It aimed to an evaluation of eight promising chickpea genotypes (G7-08, G5-08, FLIP -02-84, FLIP-03-118, FLIP-03-142, FLIP-05-44, G11-08, and FLIP95-67) comparing with three released varieties (Ghab³, Ghab^4, and Ghab⁵) as well as to evaluation of its against Ascochyta Blight Disease under the field conditions. Field results showed that the genotype G5-08 was better than of released varieties in all studied parameters (morphological and production) as well as it was more tolerance against Aschochyta blight, Therefore, this promising genotype would be recommended to be registered as a chickpea variety in both Aleppo and Al-Ghab region for winter cultivation.

Keywords: Genotype, varieties, Yield, Disease, Aschochyta blight

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Ammar Abbas^(1)* and Ghonwa Khaddour⁽¹⁾

(1) Agriculture research center of Lattakia, General Commission for Scientific Agriculture Research, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Ammar Abbas. E-Mail: Ammarabbas1984@hotmail.com).

Received: 20/08/2022                      Accepted: 31/08/2022

Abstract: 

 This research was conducted at the al-Kabeer al-Shamali river basin between the Syrian-Turkish borders and the coastline of Syria within area of / 836 / km² in order to prepare main database  of the basin . Topographic and geological maps, climatic data (temerature and rainfall), satellite images, DEM maps and ARC GIS 10.4 were used to prepare some maps including: Contour and slope, geological, soils, temperature, isohytes and land use.  Then detailed tables were included to provide appropriate databases that provide appropriate management decisions. The results showed  the topographic variation, most of the basin are is dominated by low to moderate slopes, Geological  map  also indicated to the presence of seven geological structures most widespread is carbonaceous karst,while the soils map showed the presence of four soil orders ,most spread soils is  Luvisols. Forests are the most prevailing in most of the basin depending on the land use map. average annual temperature ranged between(18-25)`c and annual rainfall (1264) mm in Kasab, the hydrographic net is dense and total length of the river is (56)km

Key Words: al-Kabeer al-Shamali Basin, GIS, database, river

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Wassim Mahmoud Mayya^*(1), and Kamal Salem Al-Hanoun⁽²⁾

(1) Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria

(2). Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Wassim Mayya . E-Mail: wassimrand88@gmail.com).

Received: 11/06/2021                      Accepted: 24/10/2021

Abstract: 

 The current research included studying the feeding of a species of crustacean zooplankton of the order Cyclopoida Oithona nana (Giesbrecht, 1892), in addition to investigating the microstructure of the mandible and determining the preferred food for the species, then examining 112 samples, collected vertically continuously and gradually over the period between In March 2020 and February 2021, sample collection was accompanied by taking hydrophysical and hydrochemical measurements from three different areas from each other with their environmental characteristics. Knowing the gut content of the aforementioned species gave new data on the conditions and behavior of its feeding under the influence of various environmental factors. The number of phytoplankton and zooplankton species that appeared in O.nana reached (16) species and (4) genera, of which (5) belong to the flagellate phytoplankton, two genus of diatoms, and five stages of the napelius larvae of the type Acartia clausi, in addition to (6) species of The Ciliates and two genus from the rotors, as for the average number of individuals, it was recorded (3268) individuals, whereas the mean Ciliates were recorded for the number of individuals (1875) individuals in all seasons of the year.

Keywords: Oithona nana, The Feeding , Mandible, Gut Content, Environmental factors.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Ammar Daher*⁽¹⁾, Ziad Barbar⁽¹⁾, and Ismail Al-Mohammed⁽²⁾

(1) Al Baath University, Homs, Syria.

(2) Al Furat University, Al Hassakah, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Ammar Daher. E-Mail: ammardaher88@gmail.com).

                    Received: 8/07/2021                      Accepted: 24/10/2021

Abstract: 

This research aimed to study the population dynamic of Two Spotted Red Spider Mites Tetranychus urticae in a cotton field located at Al Dabbaghia in Al-Hassakah governorate during 2019 and 2020. The density of T. urticae did not differ between 2019 and 2020 (the mean was 0.27±0.03 mites / leaf in 2019 and 0.24 ± 0.03 mites / leaf in 2020). In 2019, the first appearance of T. urticae was on 19 July and its density increased and reached the highest level on 10 August. However, in 2020, the first appearance of T. urticae was on 3 August and its density increased and reached the highest level during second week of October. The results showed also that the highest density of T. urticae was observed in the apical leaves of cotton plants during the two seasons of the study. The highest infection rate by T. urticae was observing during harvest, in the two seasons. Concerning the severity of the injury, the highest degree was observed in 2019 where 16% of the leaves of the mid-level cotton plant showed stippling and reddening.

Keywords: Tetranychus urticae Koch– population dynamic – cotton – Syria.  

Full paper in Arabic: pdf