Aref Mohammed Ahmed Ali Al-hasani ^(1)*

(1). College of Education Radfan, University of Lahg, Tobn, Yemen.

(*Corresponding author:Aref al hasani, E-mail: aref14902@gmail.com).

Received: 2/08/2022              Accepted: 9/10/2022

Abstract: 

The study was conducted in the Biology Laboratory of the College of Education Radfan – University of Lahj, for the year 2022 AD to evaluate the efficiency of the aqueous extract of C. Papaya leaves and seeds; as a larvicide; For the early fourth lifespan of C. pipiens mosquitoes at concentrations (0.75, 0.5, 0.25, 0.0 and 1%) for exposure periods (4, 12, 8 and 24 hours). The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design with four repetitions. The results indicated that the seed sample was significantly superior to its leaves in death rates %, reaching 53.13% and 43.25%, respectively, at a probability level of 5%, and the concentrations used caused a significant increase in death rates % compared to the control treatment (0%), and that the concentration (1%) had The apparent effect, their percentages reached % for the two samples (97.50, 87.50%), respectively, at the highest exposure time, and % death rates increase with increasing exposure time. The highest percentage of seeds was 67.00 and 57.75% for leaves for 24 hours. The calculated LC50 values ​​for papaya seed and leaf extract were 0.303 and 0.469 % at the time of 24 hours.

Keyword: Aqueous extracts, Carica. Papaya plant, larva, early fourth instar, Culex. pipiens mosquitoes.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Nagham Allan*^(1), Emad Koubaily⁽¹⁾ and Wael Ali⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Forestry and Ecology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Nagham Allan, E-mail: naghamallan5@gmail.com.)

Received: 7/12/2021              Accepted: 22/02/2022

Abstract: 

This research was carried out in Al Rastin -Al Bahloulyia site – Lattakia for the year 2020-2021 to  evaluate growth and prouductivity of Pinus brutia Ten.& Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn.(mixed plantation) at age of 40 years. 15 circular  plots were taken, the area of each plot was 400 m². The following parameters were taken for each plot: trees number, diameter at breast height, crown width trees and 37 trees height (16 trees of Pinus brutia Ten. and 21 trees of Eucalyptus camaldulensis ). Form factor, wood stock, mean annual increment and basal area were estimated. Power equations was used to estimate total  biomass. The results showed that the mean of form factor of Pinus brutia Ten. was 0.49 and 0.48 for Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn. and the  mean wood stock value reached to (122.81, 87.93) m³/ha for pinus brutia Ten.& Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn. respectively with tree density (296,223) trees/ha. The mean annual increment was 3.07 m³/ha/yr for Pinus brutia Ten. and 2.19 m³/ha/yr for Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn. The mean biomass of Pinus brutia Ten.& Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn. was (99.03,78.98)ton/ha. The results of this study can help foresters to evaluate growth and prouductivity of mixed forests similar to the study area to improve and benefit from this productivity to invest it in the future.

Key words: mixed forest, biomass, wood stock, Pinus brutia, Eucalyptus camaldulensis.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Kamel Khalil ⁽¹⁾*, Ali Thabeet ⁽²⁾ and Diana Hamad ⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Environmental prevention, Higher Institute for Environmental Researches, Tishreen University, Lattika, Syria.

(2). Department of Renewable Natural Resources and Ecology, Faculty of Agriculture, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria.
(*Corresponding author: Kamel Khalil. E-mail: kamelkhalil@tishreen.edu.sy)

Received: 9/10/2021              Accepted: 23/02/2022

Abstract: 

The aim of this research is to estimate the values of some heavy metal elements (Mn, Cu, Zn, Ni, Pb) accumulated in the annual tree rings of Pinus brutia Ten. Using Dendrochemistry techniques. Two sites were selected in Baniyas area (Al-Daraykiyah and Mehwarati) and control site in a forest near Baluran Dam (Lattakia). Five trees were selected from each site, and one core was taken from each tree in 2018. The cores were subjected to Cross-dating process, and were divided into /3/ Periods: the first one is from the year of planting trees in 1972 until the start of operation of the Banias refinery in 1982. The second one is from the start of operation in 1983 until the beginning of the crisis in Syria in 2010. The third period is the crisis period (2011-2018). By /3/ replications for each period. The concentrations of heavy metals were estimated by the atomic absorption device at the Higher Institute for Environmental Research (Tishreen University/Lattakia).The results showed that the element accumulation trend as a general average was as follows: In Al-Daraykiyah site: [Zn (17.74) > Cu (10.02) > Mn (8.43) > Ni (3.58) > Pb (0.34) ]. In Mehwarati site: [Zn (20.15) > Cu (8.56) > Mn (8.26) > Ni (3.32) > Pb (0.34)]. The values of elements (Zn, Cu, Ni) were within the normal limits for their presence in the plant, and the values of  (Mn, Pb) were lower. The results also showed an increase in the accumulation of elements in the third period, and it was generally higher in Mehwarati site for (Zn, Ni, and Pb), while the concentrations of (Cu, Mn) were higher in Al-Daraykiyah site. The results also recorded the values of the enrichment factor <1 in the third period for (Zn, Mn, Ni, Pb) in Mehwarti and Al-Daraykiyah sites, while the value of the enrichment factor (EF) was >1 only for Cu in Mehwarti site. The heavy metal elements were associated with each other with significant correlations, except for Cu which was not associated with any other element. It is concluded from this study the possibility of using tree rings in the biological monitoring of pollutants during very long periods of time, and herein lies the importance of Dendrochemistry.

Keywords: Pinus brutia, Dendrochemistry, Tree rings, Heavy metals, Baniyas, Syria.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Wafaa Ghandour * ⁽¹⁾ and Lina Rayya ⁽²⁾

(1). Department of botany, Faculty of sciences, Tishreen university, Lattakia, Syria.

(2). Agricultural Research Center , Latakia , Syria.

(*Corresponding author:Lina Rayya, E-Mail:, Ali.m.lina.75@gmail.com).

Received:2/11/2021            Accepted:6/03/2022

Abstract: 

This study was carried out  in Tishreen University, Scientific Agricultural Research Center in Lattakia during /2019-2020/ on Laurus nobilis spreed in three sites of various altitude representing the Mediterranean vegetation in the Syrian, Lattakia,which are(Kassab,Goubet Borgal,Abo Makah). Different  measurements were used on /13/ features of plant , starting from leaf till seed ,in ordre to study the effect of the Mediterranean vegetation on the morphological characteristics of samples taken from  these sites. The results showed variability at the level (5%)  superiority the Kassab site, in addition to superiority the tree (k1 )which followed Kassab of length of the leaf (8.03), length of fruit(1.49),and length of stone(1.26). It was dissimilarity of all other types.in the same  site and the different  sites.  This research shows that there is an effect of Mediterranean vegetation on morphological characteristics of Laurus nobilis.

Keywords:Laurus nobilis, Mediterranean vegetation ,Morphological.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Alaa Soubh ^{* (1)} and , Suleiman Mohammad ⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tartous University, Tartou, Syria

(*Corresponding author: Alaa Soubh , Email: Alaa.sobh1984@yahoo.com).

Received:21/05/2021          Accepted:13/02/2022

Abstract: 

In this research, the performance of steel slag (SS) as an activator of persulfate (PS) for the removal of the Methylene blue (MB). This research has been done in graduate faculty of environment, university of Tehran, during the year 2018.The experiments were conducted in a batch reactor. The SS was obtained from the Esfahan Steel Company. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis were used to investigate the characteristics of the SS. The effects of SS dosage (0-5 g L^-1), PS concentration ratio (1-5 mmol L^-1), and reaction time (0-180 min) on the removal of MB was studied. The results showed that the Maximum removal efficiencies at optimize operational conditions (SS concentration 4 g L^-1, PS concentration: 4 mmol L^-1 and reaction time: 45 min) was 84.76%. The addition of SS (4 g L^-1) to PS led to about a  7-times increase in removal rate constants of MB. The results confirmed the performance of (SS) as a (PS) activator for the  removal of MB from aqueous solution.

Keywords: Steel slag (SS), Persulfate (PS), Methylene blue (MB), Removal.

Full paper in English: pdf

Ola Merhej ^(1*)

(1). General Organization of Remote Sensing, Latakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Ola Merhej. E-Mail: olamerhej@gmail.com).

Received: 21/05/2021                Accepted:19/02/2022

Abstract: 

In this study, the application of four spectral indices (BAIS2, GEMI, NDVI, NBR) derived from sentinel 2 to map the burned areas for the Cedar-Fir Protected area was evaluated. Although the study area is considered as natural reserve, which is located in the top of coastal mountains (Slinfeh) in Syria, it was exposed to a large fire in the Fall of 2020. We used two Sentinel 2A images acquired before and after the fire on September 4 and October 22 2020. The studied Post-fire indices showed a similar spatial distribution for the burned area, with a preference for BIAS2 index. BIAS2 and dBAIS2 gave the best coefficient of variation value, which ​​reached 40%. On the other hand, BIAS2 and dBAIS2 also recorded the highest values ​​of Separation Index (more than 1). All indices which calculated from the difference between the before and after fire images gave higher values ​​of the SI, as calculating the difference reduces errors in the classification of burned areas. The BIAS2 index takes advantage of the spectral bands in the Red Edge range provided by Sentinel 2A data and provides an important tool for accurately mapping fire in the Cedar-Fir protected area.

Keywords: Burned Area Indices.; Cedar- Fir Protected Area; Forest Fires; Sentinel 2A; Separation Index.

Full paper in English: pdf

Abbas Jabbar Muhammad*⁽¹⁾ and Najla Gabr Muhammed ⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Soil and Water Resources, College of Agriculture, University of Basra, Basra, Iraq.

(*Corresponding author: Abbas Jabbar Muhammad, E-mail: abbasjm2000@gmail.com.)

Received: 13/08/2022                        Accept:14/02/2022

Abstract: 

The agricultural experiment was carried out in the shadow of the Faculty of Agriculture/Basra University during the agricultural season (2020) using 5 kg plastic containers according to the complete random design and three duplicates per level with the aim of studying the impact of chloride levels in irrigation water on the vocabulary of wheat plant growth, three levels of chloride were used, the first level C1 (140) mg l^-1, the second level C2 (325) mg l^-1, the third level C3 (710) mg l^-1. The results showed that the use of irrigation water with increasing levels of chloride led to a clear reduction in the dry weight production rate of the vegetable part of the wheat plant and an average (13.18, 12.02 and 10.81) gm pot^-1, when chloride levels rise from (140) to (325 and 710) mgl^-1, control to its lowest significant value of 0.91% at C3, while the percentage of magnesium increased from 0.35% for the control to 0.63% at C1, and the percentage of chloride from 0.53% for the control to 2.31% at C3. While the ratios of potassium and sodium did not show any significant differences and a decrease in the ratio of potassium to sodium, Calcium and potassium absorption decreased and chloride absorption increased significantly, while magnesium and sodium did not show any significant differences compared to the control.

Keywords: chloride level, irrigation water, uptake, element concentration, wheat.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Shaza Asaad^{* (1)}

(1). Department of Agricultural Mechanization, Faculty of Technical Engineering, Tartous University, Syria

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Shaza Asaad. E.mail: shazaasaad44@gmail.com.).

Received: 19/11/2021         Accepted: 4/02/2022 

Abstract: 

The experiment was conducted in the Agricultural Research center in Tartous on potato”Spunta” in spring  during(2014-2015) to investigate the effect of olive mill waste water (OMWW) was added in different levels of field capacity on the moisture tensile curves and on some quantitative, qualitative characteristics of potato tubers in heavy clay soil. The experiment included 6 treatments as control (without OMWW), and five rates of OMWW (12.5,25,50,75,100%) of field capacity. Plots were completely randomized over the experimental area with three replicates for each treatment. Each replicate contained/ 40/ plants. Results showed that the soil moisture content decreased when the pulling moisture increased. And when we increasing the addition rates of olive mill wastewater,th e soil moisture content at the same pulling moisture increased. Treatment M4 gave a moisture content (50%) at depth (0-20 cm)and at moisture tensile(1.93), while the moisture content was (45%) of the treatment M2  and at the same moisture tensile. Treatment M2 gave a moisture content (47%) at depth (20-40 cm)and at moia sture tensile(2.10), while the moisture content was(50%) at treatment M5 and at the same moisture tensile. The results showed as well, that different levels of adding  olive mill waste water increased  growth   ,  yield and specific characteristics  of potato  tuber( percentage of dry matter, starch and protein)     compared to the  control. M4 treatment gave the highest value of plant height (36cm), unit yield area (3047.25 kg/ donom) compared to control. While M2 increased significantly and gave the highest value of percentage of dry matter(20.66%), starch (14.35%) and protein(7.5%) compared to  control. where the correlation relationship between level  adding of olive mill waste water and potato production showed that the best level of addition is 55% of field capacity , Where the production was increased about 31.06% comparison with  the control, and this increase is not different significantly from the addition 18% , so we can simply add olive mill waste water by 18% of field capacity for this type of soils.

Key word: Olive mill waste water, moisture tensile curves, quantitative and qualitative characteristics of tuber. 

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

 Hasan Alaa-Aldein ⁽¹⁾, Talal Amin ⁽¹⁾, and Razan Soliman⁽¹⁾ *

(1). Department of Environment and Forestry, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Latakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Razan Soliman. E-Mail: razanslieman359@gmail.com).

Received: 7/12/2021           Accepted: 25/02/2022

Abstract: 

The study was conducted in 2019 in Al-Hinnadi Nursery in order to find out the response of young carob plants at one and three months of age to increasing concentrations of olive mill wastewater (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100%). A completely randomized block design was used in the study. Nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium ratios in leaves were studied; also some vegetative and root system characteristics were studied. Results showed that most plants treated with concentrations 50, 75, and 100% died at the age of one month; while only the concentration 100% caused death at the age of three months. Little effect of different concentrations was detected in macro elements ratios in plant leaves. The lower concentration (25%) did not affect the length of the vegetative part, root length, or dried weight.  Higher concentrations (50 and 75%) cause a significant decrease in the length of the vegetative part and roots compared to the control treatment. Overall results indicate the possibility of irrigating the carob seedlings in the first month of age with olive mill wastewater at a concentration of 25% without any possible negative effects.

Keywords: Olive mill wastewater, Carob, Macroelements, implants, vegetative and root system.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Joud Mahnaya ^(1)*, Nada Altonji ⁽¹⁾, Muhammad Manhal Alzoubi1⁽²⁾ , and Abdulghani Alkhaldi ⁽³⁾

(1). College of Technical Engineering, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria.

(2). General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Damascus, Syria.

(3). General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Aleppo, Syria.

(*Corresponding Author: Joud Mahnaya. E-mail: joud.mhanaya@gmail.com).

Received: 10/06/2021                          Accepted: 9/02/2022

Abstract: 

Soil pollution is considered one of the most important current risks due to the transmission of pollution to plants and crops, especially its contamination with heavy metals due to its cumulative effect and lack of decomposition. Especially in agricultural soils that are irrigated with untreated sewage water, after a water treatment plant was sabotaged. Sewage in Aleppo These areas have become irrigated by that water. The aim of this research is to study the extent of the pollution of agricultural soil with some heavy metals (lead, Pb, cadmium, Cd, nickel, Ni, chromium, Cr) in the side of the wastewater treatment plant water stream. Soil samples were collected near the destroyed treatment plant in the city of Aleppo, towards the village of Al-Wadhihi, and from 20 sites, at two depths of (0-25 cm) and (25-50 cm) in  both summer and winter seasons 2020, and chemical and physical analyzes of soil were performed, and Some heavy metals (Cr – Cd – Pb- Ni) were also estimated in the laboratories of the General Commision for Scientific Agricultural Research or the College of Technical Engineering at Aleppo University. The results of the analysis of variance showed that there were significant differences between the studied sites in the concentrations of heavy metals, the concentration of lead (Pb) ranged between (160.4-37.4 ppm) in the summer, and in the winter it ranged between (154.5-28.89 ppm), while the cadmium element Cd was It ranged between (1.09-0.43 ppm) in the summer, and it ranged between (0.555-0.3 ppm) in the winter, the chrome Cr ranged between (226.9-24.3 ppm) in the summer, and in winter it ranged between (142.99-42.84 ppm), element The concentration of nickel in the summer was between (187.5-97.5 ppm), and in the winter (209.5-97.5 ppm), and all the concentrations of these elements were within the permissible limits according to the World Health Organization.

Keywords: Soil pollution, Cd, Pb, Ni, Cr.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf