Bashar Tobo ^(1)*

(1). General Commission for Scientific Agriculture Research, Latakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Bashar Tobo  E-Mail: bashar.tobo33@gmail.com)

Received: 20/01/2022                          Accepted:23/03/2022

Abstract: 

The research was carried out in 2019 at the Management and Organization Center, which is located in the village of Mardash of the city of Suqaylabiyah on the eastern side of the Lattakia mountain range. This research aimed to studying the growth and biomass of Eucalyptus camaldulensis  Dehn. in Al-Ghab region. 21 circular samples were taken in 2017, the area of each sample was 400 m². The following measurements were taken for each sample: trees number (N), diameter at breast height (dbh) and total trees height (H). Ten(10) trees were chosen covering all diameter classes, to estimate the form factor and to construct the biomass. Wood volume and mean annual increment of Eucalyptus trees were calculated. In addition to the above, total biomass was calculated using an exponential function. The results showed that mean of the form factor of Eucalyptus trees in the study area was about 0.41, while the wood volume value reached to 249.18 m³/ha with tree density of 208 trees/ha. The mean of annual increment was 3.89 m³/ha/year.

Keywords: Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn., Wood productivity, Form factor.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Yaser Aljwafi*^{(1) ,} Muneer Alsayadi ⁽²⁾, Hazem Al ashwal⁽¹⁾, Khaled Al-rahi⁽¹⁾, Aref Al shamiri⁽¹⁾

(1). Agricultural Research and Extension Authority. Northern highlands regional research station Sana’a, Yemen

(2). faculty of Agriculture, Ibb University – Ibb-Yemen

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Yaser Aljwafi  E-Mail: ymj2010@gmail.com)

Received:8/06/2022            Accepted: 26/10/2022

Abstract: 

The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition, physical, and rheological properties of newly improved bread wheat varieties. The varieties were planted in the agricultural research farm in the Sana’a region, and the harvest was carried out and the analyzes were carried out in the year 2021. Physical and chemical tests were conducted on samples of whole grain flour, and the rheological and baking tests were performed on the extracted flour and dough samples, the resulting news was evaluated sensually for all studied varieties. The results showed that the moisture content ranged between 7.3% in Sakhaa19 cultivar and 8.3% in Jeza40 cultivar. The highest protein content was 13.9% in Ejhad13 cultivar and the lowest 10% in Jeza 40 cultivar, and the highest fat content was found in both Sakaha19 and Giza 40, 2.1%, and the lowest percentage in Al-Wadi’i cultivar was 1.6%. The total ash content ranged between 1.49% in the Mubashir26 cultivar and 1.67% in the Giza40 cultivar. The weight of 1000 grains ranged between 37.7g in cultivar Giza40 and 42.5gm in cultivar Sakha19, and the specific weight ranged between 78.1 kg/hectoliter and 82.5 kg/hectoliter, and the percentage of wet gluten ranged between 21.7% in Giza40 cultivar and 38% in Ejhad13, while amylase activity ranged from 179s in the Sakha19cultivar to the highest activity of 313s in the Mubashir 26 cultivar. Farinograph results also indicated the superiority of Ejhad13 in the degree of water absorption (14%) with 65, while the lowest absorption degree was 53.2 in Sakaha19. The highest dough development time was found in Ejhad13 and the lowest time in Sakaha19, 4.3 and 1.8 minutes respectively. The classification of all flour samples was of medium strength in the stability of dough, with the superiority of Ejhad13and Al-Wadi’i. Ejhad13had the highest valoremetric number and the lowest degree of weakness, while the opposite for Giza 40. The results of the extensograph showed that Al-Wadi’i cultivar was the best in tensile strength, and Giza40 was the weakest, Mubashir26 had the highest value of maximum tensile and elastic resistance, and Sakha19 was the lowest, the opposite for flexibility. The results of the sensory evaluation showed the superiority of the strain Ejhad13in all sensory properties, while the cultivar Giza40 got the lowest value in the uniformity of shape, color and the pulpregularity, and the variety Sakha19 was the lowest in color. It is concluded from the study that all the new improved bread wheat varieties have good nutritional value and good and promising rheological and sensory properties for the bread industry in varying degrees according to the variety.

Keywords: Improved Wheat, Chemical Composition, Rheological Properties,Farinograph.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

May Ayyash ^(1)* , Hassan Kaur ⁽¹⁾, Abdul Mohsen Al-Sayed Omar⁽²⁾ and Yasser Al Salama⁽³⁾

(1). Department of Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria.

(2). Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria.

(3). Department of Soil Sciences, , Faculty of Agriculture, Al Furat University, Der Ezzor, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Mai Alayash E-Mail: maiayash1980@gmail.com)

Received:9/11/2021                 Accepted:22/03/2022

Abstract: 

The research was carried out at Kuskeis Research Station during the agricultural season 2019/2020, to investigate the effect of isolates of mycorrhizae on the drought resistance of the wheat crop, by studying of some osmotic variables (soluble sugars) and morphology in water stress conditions during different growth stages. The experiment was designed in a completely randomized design with the arrangement of the split plots.  Two varieties of wheat (Sham 5 and sham7) placed in the main plots, and the mycorrhizal species prepared from three sources (grass, onions, maize) (M₁, M₂, M₃) in the sub plots of the first degree and both mycorrhizal concentrations. (i1,i2) (2.5 ml, 5 ml) respectively In sub-plots of the second order. The results showed a difference in the rate of mycorrhizal infection during the growth stages of each of the two wheat varieties, and the harvest stage was superior in the rest of the growth stages in both varieties, and the M2i2 treatment was superior in the infection rate in both varieties over the rest of the treatments, which was (61.33 % – 68%) respectively. The results also showed a difference in plant height between Plants pollinated and non-pollinated with mycorrhizal fungi, although there were no significant differences between mycorrhizal isolates according to the statistical results. While the differences were significant between concentrations, it was noted that the first and second concentrations (2.5 ml and 5 ml) of mycorrhiza were superior than the control (third concentration) reaching where the plant length (79.76 cm) in the Sham 5 variety. As for root length, the statistical analysis showed that the differences were not significant between all isolates of Mycorrhiza and concentrations. Concerning the length of the spike, the differences were not significant for isolates and mycorrhizal concentrations of variety Sham 5, while the differences were not significant for isolates of mycorrhiza only, but they were significant with respect to mycorrhizal concentrations of variety of sham 7 where the root length arrived to (8.95 cm). It was noted that there were insignificant differences between the mycorrhizal isolates, but it was significant between the concentrations. It was noted that the values of soluble sugars increased in non- inoculated plants to (16.76%) in the Sham 5 variety and (20.63%) in the Sham 7 variety compared with the inoculated plants with the first and second concentrations. The percentage of sugars decreased under inoculated plants with mycorrhiza in both varieties, Thus, the effect of mycorrhiza appeared in increasing the plant’s resistance to drought through growth indicators such as plant height (for Sham 5 variety), as well as spike length (for Sham 7 variety), and the low percentage of sugars in pollinated plants (for two varieties).

 Keywords: : wheat,  mycorrhizae,  soluble sugars,  drought.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Mohammad Noor AlAssaf ^*(1) and Abdulghani Alkhaldi⁽¹⁾

(1). Cotton Research Administration, Aleppo, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Mohammad Noor ALassaf, E-Mail: assafnoor57@gmail.com.)

Received: 5/02/2022                 Accepted: 30/03/2022 

Abstract: 

The research was carried out at the Hamima Research Station of the Agricultural Scientific Research Center in Aleppo, during the 2020 and 2021 seasons, in a sandy loamy clay soil.  The research aimed to study the response of some productive and early traits of cotton variety Aleppo 118 to foliar spraying with fertilizer containing some micro-elements during the stages of plant growth. The experiment was designed according to the (Randomized Block Design), and the experiment treatments  were as follows: control treatment (T1) (without spraying the chelating fertilizer), treatment (T2) (the foliar fertilizer was sprayed only at the beginning of the flowering), treatment (T3) (the leaf fertilizer was sprayed twice The first at the beginning of flowers and the second after 15 days from the previous treatment), the treatment (T4) (the foliar fertilizer was sprayed three times, the first at the beginning of the flowers, the second and the third at an interval of 15 days). The results of the average of the two seasons for the seed cotton yield, showed that there were high significant differences between the studied treatments, the third treatment outperformed by (56, 32.3, 18.1)% over the treatments (T1, T2, T4) respectively. In addition, there was no significant difference between the fourth and second treatment, but they outperformed the first treatment (control) by (32.1 and 17.9), respectively. Regarding the number of bolls, the fourth, third and second treatments outperformed the first treatment by (50.0, 42.9, and 34.3) %, respectively, and there was no significant difference between the fourth, third and second treatments. The results also showed that there were significant differences between the studied treatments for the earliness of the variety, where the fourth treatment outperformed the first treatment, and there were no significant differences between the fourth, second and third treatments. It can be concluded that foliar spraying with fertilizer twice, the first at the beginning of flowers and the second 15 days after the first spray, led to a significant increase in the productive components of this variety.

Keywords: Cotton, The effect of adding micro nutrient, Components of the crop, Growth Stages.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Amal Hamdi Jassim^*(1) and   Salih Hassan Al-Azzawi ⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Animal Production, College of Agriculture, University of Diyala, Iraq.

(*Correspondinga uthor:Amal Hamdi Jassim.E-mail: Amalalawsy94@gmail.com ).   

Received: 20/12/2021                 Accepted: 2/04/2022 

Abstract: 

 This study was conducted in the animal field Department of Animal Production – College of Agriculture – University of Diyala as well as the Molecular Genetics Laboratory in the college for the period from 15/6/2021 to 9/15/2021, with the aim of determining the genetic manifestations of the Growth Differential Factor (GDF9) gene and its relationship to some Reproductive traits in a sample of 15 male black goats The polymorphism of the GDF9 gene differed in the male goat sample and was 67, 27 and 6% for each of the genotypes CC, CA and AA, respectively, and the variation between these percentages was not significant and gene frequency 0.8 and 0.2 for allele C and G, respectively. The results of the current study showed that there was no significant effect on testis dimensions during the study period, as for semen quality, we notice a significant increase in the number of sperms in the ejaculate and the Acrosome integrity in favor of the (CC) gene in July In August, the CC gene was superior in the number of sperms in the ejaculate, while the integrity of the plasma membrane was in favor of the AA gene. In September, we did not notice changes in the quality of the semen among the three genotypes.                          

Keywords: GDF9, testicular dimensions, semen quality.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Abdel Nasser Omar ^(1)* and Yasen Almohsen ⁽²⁾

(1). Scientific agricultural research center of Hama, (GCSAR ), Syria.

(2). University of Hama, Veterinary medicin, Hama, Syria.

(* Corresponding author. Abdel Nasser Omar: Email: abdnaser64@gmail.com.)

Received: 15/11/2021                 Accepted: 19/03/2022

Abstract: 

 study was carried out on 24 heads of camels infected with ringworm, were the age of 5 months to 2 years, clinically affected by ringworms, with relatively similar symptoms and weights, and bred under intensive breeding conditions in Al-Mazreb area in Hama Governorate (Syria) during the period between August and November 2018, aiming to study the effectiveness of some medicinal compounds against infection. Trichophyton species was identified through microscopic test with the help of potassium hydroxide solution 20% by examining hair samples before giving medicines, and the fungal colonies developing on Sabouraud’s dextrose agar (SDA) were tested by glucose The animals were divided into four groups (6 heads in each group), the first group was given Ivermac compound as a subcutaneous injection for two times at 14 days interval, the second group with a Yosycal solution and the third group with a Povimex iodine solution with a concentration of 10% as a topical cream on the lesions of the skin infection for 7 consecutive times at an interval of every two days once for both drugs, the fourth group remained as a control without any drug compound being administered. The results showed isolating two types of Trichophyton, namely: Trichophyton verrucosum (87.5%), and Trichophyton mentagrophytes (12.5%). It was found that a solution of Povimex Iodine at a concentration of 10% was the most and the fastest among the medicinal compounds used, as it led to complete recovery of infected camels by  a ratio of  100% after it was gave within (21) days from the start of treatment compared with the effectiveness of Yosycal and Ivermac solution, where the animals were cured on the day (28) And the day (42), respectively, and the differences were significant at the level of (p> 0.05).The results recorded a clear decrease in the appearance of lesions and fungal spores in the three study groups treated with medicinal compounds, while no decrease was observed in the untreated control group, and the control group animals did not recover completely until the 129^th day of the start of the experiment. It was shown that the use of Povimex Iodine 10% solution in the treatment of camels with ringworms is the  best and the fastest effective between medicinal compounds against infection.

Key words: Ringworm, Camel, Medicinal Compounds.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Zirak M. R. Palani^(1)*,  Khalil, W.A⁽²⁾, Hamid E. I. Kutaibani⁽³⁾, and Faraidoon A. M. Amin⁽⁴⁾

(1). Animal Physiology,Kurdistan Region, Iraq.

(2). Animal Production Dept, Faculty of Agric, Mansoura Univ, Egypt .

(3). College of Veterinary Medicine University of Tikrit. Iraq.

(4). College of Veterinary Medicine University of Sulaimani. Iraq.

(* Corresponding author. Zirak M  R  Palani: Email: zirak_axa@yahoo.com.)

Received: 22/03/2022             Accepted: 14/10/2022

Abstract: 

This study was conducted to study the effect of adding selenium and zinc individually and their mixture on the carcass characteristics of male Kurdi lambs. The study included 16 male Kurdi lambs aged between 4-5 months and weights between 20-23 kg, the animals were divided into four groups, 4 lambs per group. The first group (the control) was fed a regular fed without adding selenium and zinc, the second group was added selenium at a concentration of 0.5 mg/kg fed, and the third group was added with zinc at a concentration of 100 mg/kg fed, and the fourth group was added with selenium with zinc at a concentration of 0.5 + 100 mg. /kg fed respectively. The additives were given by gelatin capsules fed for 90 days. The results showed that some carcass traits improved significantly in the groups of adding selenium and zinc and their mixture compared to the control group, and there were no significant differences between the four treatments in the carcass clearance ratio and the physical separation of the thigh piece. We conclude from the above that the addition of selenium and zinc and their mixture led to an improvement in some carcass characteristics of male Kurdi lambs.

Keywords: Selenium, Zinc, Carcass Characteristics, Kurdi Lambs.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Berna Krikor Jilenkerian *⁽¹⁾, Ali Nisafi⁽¹⁾, Ahmad Kara Ali ⁽²⁾ and Bushra AI-Eissa⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture Engineering, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(2). Department of Marine Chemistry, Higher Institute of Marine Research Tishreen, University, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Eng. Berna Krikor Jilenkerian. E-Mail: berkomg81@gmail.com).

Received: 17/10/2021             Accepted: 31/03/2022

Abstract: 

This research experiment was conducted in the town of Al-Qanjara in Latakia Governorate, during the period 2019-2021 (January-February). The Syrian natural zeolite was added to the litter (sawdust: zeolite) for the three treatments, with the following ratios: Tz₁ (25%) (75:25), Tz₂ (50%) (50:50) and Tz₃ (75%) (25:75), and in addition the control Tz₀ (0%) without zeolite. To evaluate the effect of adding the zeolite to the litter of hybrid broilers (Roos) on the pollution of ammonia (NH3) gas concentration in the air of the barn, at five different ages (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) weeks respectively. Using the portable multi-gas detector. The results showed that the average concentration of NH3 at the first week in the control was Tz₀ 0.1 ppm, and with the beginning of the fourth week, the values recorded a relative increase 1.6, while in the fifth week it increased to 16.6. The increase in the value of NH3 from the beginning of the first week until at the end of the fifth week 16.5. As for the average values of NH3 at the fifth week, they were as follows: Tz₀ 16.6, Tz₁ 14.1, Tz₂ 13.1 and at the Tz₃ 12 ppm respectively.

Key words: Natural zeolite, Ammonia gas (NH3), Broiler litter, Semi-closed broiler house, Winter season.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Shade Gnede * ⁽¹⁾, Mohamad Hassan ⁽¹⁾ and Amal Dayoub⁽²⁾

(1).Faculty of Agriculture, Animal Production Department, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(2).Department of Environmental Protection, Higher Institute for Environmental Research, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Shade Gnede. E-Mail :shaidignaidi@hotmail.com).

Received: 21/12/2021       Accepted: 1/04/2022

Abstract: 

This study was aimed to investigating the fauna of Monogenea in Scomber scombrus fished from Syrian marine waters (fishing port of Jableh and Lattakia) between July 2020 and July 2021. The number of samples reached to 224. Examination samples showed that S. scombrus was infected with the blood-sucking parasite Kuhnia scombri during, March, April and June, with an intensity rate 1.5 parasites/fish, and a prevalence rate 4.46%, where the number of fish infected with the parasite reached to 10 fish and the number of fish infected with the parasite was 15 individuals. This is the first record of K. scombri on the gills of S. scombrus in Syrian marine waters.

Key-words: Scomber scombrus– Parasites-Monogenea- Kuhnia scombri– Syrian marine waters.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Mohammad Wati ^(1)* and Ahmad Marouf ⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Mohammad Wati, e-mail: Mohammadwetty93@gmail.com )

Received:7/08/2021               Accepted:14/03/2022

Abstract: 

The bushes of three pomegranate cultivars were pruned Punica granatum L Cultivated in the Neirab area during the agricultural season 2018-2019 to study the effect of this on vegetative growth and fruit production according to the design of complete random sectors with different shear levels (0-20-30-40-50%- the farmer attestation) The results of the studied cultivars (sweet French – French sour – Laffan sour) indicated that fruit pruning by cutting 50% of last year’s growth leads to an increase in annual vegetative longitudinal growth at a rate of 23.24 cm, and the leaf surface of the same cut level is 8.32 cm2 / leaf, While the number of flowers was distinguished by the two levels of pruning, 30-40%, according to the two types of wood (old 12.33-11.33 flower/branch), and (modern 19.43-15.58-16.4 flower/branch). Whereas, the 40% pruning level gave the best results with the percentage of internodes in the three varieties: 37.67-35.33-41.00%, which increased the rates of knots and fruiting. At pruning levels 40-50% for the three varieties, 54.94 kg/tree, the chemical and quality specifications of the fruits also improved.

Key words: vegetative growth, flowering, flat leaf, fruiting, productivity, pomegranate cultivar.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf