Ruba Al qasem^*(1), Talal Razzouk ⁽¹⁾ and Khetam Idris ⁽²⁾     

(1). Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Baath University, Homs, Syria.

(2). Homs Research Center, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Eng. Ruba Alqasem. E-Mail: roubaalqasem@gmail.com).

Received: 20/05/ 2022          Accepted: 13/06/2022

Abstract: 

The aim of this research is to determine the level of knowledge of the farmers of the rainfed vineyard about the practices of organic farming, and to study the impact of social and economic factors on the knowledge level of farmers. In achieving its objectives, it relied on the primary data collected through the personal interview of 361 farmers of the vineyard in Homs governorate for the year 2020, and that Using a form prepared for this purpose, the descriptive method was relied on to analyze the data. The simple correlation coefficient (Pearson), the Spearman-Brown correlation coefficient, the Point Passerial coefficient and the ETA coefficient were used to study the correlation and ordinal regression to determine the most important variables affecting the level of farmers’ knowledge of some organic farming practices after That a measure of the level of knowledge was prepared, the results showed that about (44%) of the farmers of the research sample have limited knowledge, while about (53.7%) their level of knowledge is medium, and the remaining percentage, which is about (2.2%) only have good knowledge. The results showed a relationship There is a positive morale between educational level, holding size and income, and between knowledge level, and negative with age. The research recommended strengthening the role of agricultural extension in educating and raising awareness of grape farmers. and transfer of agricultural knowledge to them by preparing a scientific and practical plan according to the knowledge levels of the farmers.

Keywords: Vine growers, organic farming, cognitive level, ordinal regression.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Kadthim H. Abdul Sayed ^(1)*, Alaa G. Al-Hashimi⁽¹⁾and Kareema M. Ziadan⁽²⁾

(1). Department of Food Science,College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq.

(2). Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq.

   (*Corresponding author: Kadthim Sayed. Email: kadem.hassan22@gmail.com)

Received: 20/12/2022                              Accepted: 11/02/2023

Abstract: 

This study was conducted in the laboratories of the Department of Food Sciences, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah to study the effect of anthocyanin extract from mulberry fruits (Morus rubra L.) on the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of edible biofilms based on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) or carboxymethyl cellulose nanoparticles (NCMC) and the effect of film coating on the properties of cryopreserved beef slices. The results showed that the cumulative distribution of the dimensions of NCMC particles was (40-300) nm, It was observed that the effectiveness of the antioxidant and antimicrobial films increased with increasing the concentration of the extract, and the NCMC3M film recorded the highest antioxidant activity of 40.43% and the highest inhibition diameter of 20.43 mm against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria, and the active nanoparticles film was less permeable to light compared to other cellulose films and the highest degree of opacity reaching 2.363. Beef slices coated with NCMC3M films recorded the lowest values for pH, Thiobarbituric acid values (TBA) and peroxide number (PV), they were 6.15, 1.95 mg malonaldehyde kg-1 meat and 4.60 equivalent O2/kg oil, respectively, and it can be concluded that NCMC3M active film increase the shelf life of vacuum-preserved steaks D up to 12 days of storage.

Keywords: Film, Carboxymethyl Cellulose Nanoparticles, Anthocyanin, Antioxidant.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Mouzahem ALDahoul^(1)*     

(1). GCSAR, The Agricultural Scientific Research Center in Salamieh, Hama, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Mouzahem Mohammad ALDahoul, E-mail: m.dahool1975@gmail.com)

Received:  11/04/2021                   Accepted:9/05/2022

Abstract: 

The survey and classification of weeds species were carried out, as well as the calculation of the density, relative density, frequency, and relative frequency of each weeds species to know the composition of the weed cover and the importance of the prevalent species in some fields of lentil at Salamieh region, Hama, Syria during the 2017/2018 and 2018/2019 agricultural seasons. The results of the study showed that 12, 21 species of weeds were surveyed, which belong to 10, 19 genders distributed among 8, 14 families in the 2017/2018 and 2018/2019 agricultural seasons, respectively. The proportion of monocotyledon species was very small, as it recorded 8.33%, 9.52%, while those of dicotyledon were more abundant, recording 91.67%, 90.48%, and most of the weeds were annuals with a percentage of 100.00%, 85.71%, while the perennial weeds were present Few recorded 0.00%, 14.29%, in the two seasons, respectively. Most of the weeds found in lentil fields in the two growing seasons were followed by the Brassicaceae family, which included 3 and 5 species respectively, followed by the two families, Chenopodiaceae and Papaveraceae, with two species each respectively. The most dense and frequent species of weeds were volunteer barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) with a density of 9.67, 9.83 plants.m^-2 and white mustard (Sinapis alba L.) with a density of 5.67, 6.00 plants.m^-2, and their frequency was 100.00%, respectively.

Keywords: survey, weed, lentil, density, frequency, salamieh, Syria.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Issa Barakat*⁽¹⁾, Adib Saad ⁽²⁾ and Ibrahim Nisafi ⁽¹⁾

(1). Forestry and Environment Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Syria

(2). Basic Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Issa Barakat. E-Mail: issabarakat93@gmail.com).

Received:13/03/2022          Accepted: 19/04/2022

Abstract: 

The effects of seasonal differences on the chemical composition of the Marblid Spinefoot fish species Siganus rivulatus caught from the marine waters of Lattakia Governorate were investigated. moisture, crude protein, crude fat, and ash were determined as a percentage of the muscles of the caught fish. The results showed that the Spring season was the highest in terms of nutritional components (protein 19.18%, fat 4.06%, ash 1.82%), while the Winter season was the lowest (protein 18.24%, fat 2.3%) and autumn for ash (1.5%), As for the summer season, the values were (protein 18.87%, fat 3.23%, ash 1.92%). regarding the size factor, the results showed a significant positive relationship between size increase and an increase in protein and fat and a significant inverse relationship with both ash and moisture content.

Keywords: Siganus rivulatus, chemical composition, protein, fat, Mediterranean sea, Syrian coast.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Zahra Ibrahim El-Gali* ⁽¹⁾ and Marwan Hamed Eswehel⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Omer Al-Mukhtar University, El-Beida, Libya.  

 (*Corresponding author: Zahra Ibrahim El-Gali. E-Mail: Zahra.ibrahim@omu.edu.ly).

Received: 16/11/2022         Accepted: 11/01/2023

Abstract: 

This study was conducted to evaluate the efficiency gas fumigation from Vinegar5% and Ammonia powder for eradication the contamination fungi Aspergillus flavus, A. niger, Fusarium verticillioides and Penicillium albobivertcillius  in corn grains artificially infested with fungi to expose gas fumigated in desiccators for 30minutes, one hour and 24hour for control the contamination fungi, and the treatment efficiency was evaluated using WA 2% in Petri dishes, to determine an effective and easy-to-apply method that prevents or reduces contamination in grains intended for consumption. The results showed that all volatile compounds had significant effects on fungal control. The fungal incidence was decreased under the effect of Vinegar5%, whilst ammonia powder was effective in eliminating fungi as after 5-7 days of cultivating the kernels on the WA medium and incubating at a temperature of 25 ± 2°C, no fungal growth appeared, and fumigation for 24 hours was the most efficient in eradicating compared with 56,72,82 and 24 respectively in control treatment.

Keywords: Fumigation, Vinergar5%, Ammonia powder, Fungi, Corn grains.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Ritta Alhayek ^(1)*, Samir Tabbache ⁽¹⁾, Ahmad Ibrahim Kara Ali ⁽²⁾ and Mohammad Ahmad⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tishreen, Latakia, Syria.

(2). High Institute of Marine Research, Tishreen University, Latakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Ritta Alhayek, E- Mail: rittaadnanalhaik@tishreen.edu.sy)  

  Received: 6/01/2022      Accepted: 23/05/2022

Abstract: 

  The research was carried out in Latakia province in green house in Jableh countryside during 2019 to test the efficacy of the pesticide chlorantraniliprole and Silica Nano particles in addition to their mixture against the larvae of tomato tuta absoluta under greenhouse conditions. The results showed that there were significant differences between all treatments and the control in terms of the number of live larvae /plant, and the most effective pesticide was chlorantraniliprole 63.85% after 7 days of the first spray, and it reached 69.95 a week after the second spray in a row, followed by Nanosilica particles 750 and 1000 ppm with a percentage of 53.83 and 55%, respectively, and its efficacy increased to 67 and 69%, a week after the second spray also, respectively. The pesticide chlorantraniliprole and Silica Nano particles 1000ppm reduced the number of the larvae tunnels with a significant difference with the control and the rest of the treatments in all periods of the experiment, and the percentage of decrease was 41 and 32.4% respectively after three weeks of spraying while it was 26.6 and 15.4%  in the treatment  Silica Nano particles 750ppm and the pesticide mixture  chlorantraniliprole with Silica Nano particles (250ppm) respectively at the same period .The results showed that each of the pesticide chlorantraniliprole and Silica Nano particles  1000 ppm was significantly superior to the rest of the treatments in terms of the severity of infection by the hoof on the fruits, and their efficacy  was 76.8 and 63.1%, respectively, and the treatments of Silica Nano particles 750 ppm and (chlorantraniliprole + Silica Nano particles)  reduced the severity of infection on fruits by 50.8 and 53.7% with a significant difference between it and the control after two weeks of the second spray.

Keywords: Nanosilica, chlorantraniliprole, efficacy, tomato moth, infection severity.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Samira A. Khlaywi ⁽¹⁾,  KhloodAbid-AlelahAlkhafaji ^{(1) *}, Mahdi S. Hameed⁽¹⁾, Mohamed Abid al- Rahem Abiallah ⁽¹⁾ and Ahmed Fawzi Abbas ⁽¹⁾

(1). Ministry of Science and Technology. Baghdad, Iraq.

(*Corresponding author: KhloodAbid-AlelahAlkhafaji, E-Mail khlooodalkhafaji@yahoo.com)

Received: 29/07/2022         Accepted: 28/10/2022

Abstract: 

Two field experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of some local Bacillus thuringiensis isolates which included a local isolate that were B. thuringiensis KS 3 and two imported isolates, (Spanish and Indian No. 13). In addition to the chemical pesticide bifenthrin EC 10) TALSTAR in the control of the melon aphid or cotton aphid Aphis gossypii Glover on the cucumbers crop and grapes. First experiment was conducted at al-Twiatha/ Baghdad (24/5/ 2018) on a field grown cucumbers and grapes. The results showed that the three isolates of B. thuringiensis  have a good efficiency reducing the average number of live nymphs/ leaf, especially after 6 days of treatment, it reached to 3.75, ‎2.25, ‎and 4.25 nymphs/ leaf, respectively. These results are similar to the results of the pesticide Telastar which achieved a decrease in the population density of live nymphs to 2.5 nymphs/ leaf. It is worth noting that these isolates continue to be effective in the field, especially when it was supported by spraying more than once compared to the gradual decrease in the effectiveness of the chemical pesticide after 9 days of treatment. The results of the experiment showed that Bt bacteria was effective on the grape. Local isolate No. 3 and Spanish led to decrease population density of this pest insect to 23.4 and 32.4 nymphs /2 cm² respectively after 6 days of treatment, while this rate decreased Indian isolate to 71.2 nymphs / 2 cm² as compared to control treatment (143.8 nymphs / 2 cm²).

Key words: Biological Control, crystal protein, cotton Aphids، Aphis gossypii ، Bacillus thuringiensis

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Hala Al-Ajourya ^(1)*, Imad Ismail ⁽²⁾, and Fahd Sahyouni ⁽³⁾

(1). Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(2). Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(3).Faculty of Agriculture, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Hala Al-Ajoury: E-mail:  hlaalajouria1986@gmail.com)

Received:  22/09/2021                      Accepted:10/05/2022

Abstract: 

A study was conducted at Al-Muturkiah village in Lattakia Governorate during the 2019/2020 growing season in the autumnal season and the experiment was repeated in the spring season to investigate the effect of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) infection on the area leaf, relative water content (RWC%) and productivity of four pepper hybrids (Taline F1, Amani F1, Harek F1 and Marvilo F1) at three periods post viral inoculation (15, 30 and 45 days). The experiment was carried out by using complete randomized block design with 8 treatments and 4 replicates per treatment. The results showed that the viral infection affected the area leaf, Relative water content and productivity on 15 days after virus inoculation. The highest effect of the viral infection was on 30 days after virus inoculation, where the values of area leaf, Relative water content (RWC%) and productivity of the infected pepper hybrids significantly decreased compared to control plants. However, 45 days after virus inoculation, the effect of the viral infection decreased with plant age.                                                                                        

 Keywords: Pepper, Cucumber mosaic virus, Area leaf, Relative water content, productivity, Syria.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Jaafar Ahmad ^{(1) *} and Bushra AL Essa ⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Jaafar Ahmad: E-mail:  jaafar.ahmad993@gmail.com)

Received:  15/05/2022                      Accepted:26/05/2022

Abstract: 

The experiment was conducted using 180 fertilized eggs to study the effect of egg weight on the productive performance of quail chicks, as the eggs were distributed in three weight treatments : the first treatment T₁ws contained small eggs <10 g, the second treatment T₂wm contained eggs of an average weight of 10-12 g, the third treatment T₃wb contained large eggs >12 g. The eggs were incubated in perfect conditions for 16 days. The results of the study found that there was a significant effect of egg weight in the productive performance of birds. Low-weight eggs resulted birds whose amount of feed was lower and significantly than the rest of the groups studied (423.5g), treatment T₂wm (495.6 g) and the value of  FCR was high (2.19). The results showed a significant difference in the age of females reaching the peak of egg production between the three treatments. Treatments (t₂wm, T₃wb) reached to peak of egg production in the thirteenth week, while T₁ws treatment reached in the fourteenth week.

Key Words: Coturnix japonica, Productivity Performance, Sexual Maturity, Egg Production.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Aiham Eid ^(1)* and Izdihar Ammar ⁽¹⁾

(1). Marine Biology Department, High Institute of Marine Research, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(٭Corresponding author: Aiham Eid, E-mail: Ayham.uncod@outlook. com)

Received: 25/03/2022                Accepted: 22/05/2022

Abstract: 

The 64 sampled Scyllarides latus were collected from the Syrian marine waters in the Ibn Hani area at a depth ranging between 40-90 m at a rate of once a month during the period from January to December 2019 using lined nets and cages. The weight of the samples and the total length of the body were measured, and carapace length-width. where females constituted 44% and males 56% of the total number of sample members. During the breeding season it ranged between (681 – 868 microns) and the diameter was 868 microns the greatest diameter of eggs during the breeding season, and it was found that there are strong correlations between height and weight.

Key words: Scyllarides latus, Absolute Fecundity, Egg Diameter, linear correlation.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf