Ammar Abbas^(1)*, Boshra Khozam⁽¹⁾ and Jamil Abbas  ⁽²⁾

(1). Department of natural, General commission for scientific agriculture research –resource, Damascus, Syria.

(2). Department of Soil and Water science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Ammar Abbas, E.mail: ammarabbas1984@hotmail.com)

Received: 15/01/2021         Accepted: 18/02/2022

Abstract: 

The research was conducted in the Orontes lower basin in the area between the Rastan dam and Syrian-Turkish border near Jisr Al-Shughour city with a total area of ​​8115 km² to assess the current use of water resources in agriculture sector and propose future scenarios for managing these resources. 2010 was considered as a base year , then data from  Ministry of Water Resources (river flow, tributaries, natural recharge of ground water, spring flow, storage of dams ..) daily meteorological data (precipitation, maximum and minimum temperature,  wind speed, relative humidity and solar radiation)  from the General commission for  Meteorology,  data from Ministry of Agriculture (land use , total agricultural tolerances, irrigated areas, crop water requirements, irrigation techniques..) and GIS databases (topographic, geological, hydrographic, soil, climate and land use) were obtained . The main data of WEAP21 were prepared (demand and supply sites, available water resources ..) and the catchment  icon was selected for basin modeling using  MABIA as integrated  model with the WEAP21  take into consideration a range of inputs including:  land use, Irrigation techniques, climatic data, soil texture, soil moisture characteristics, irrigation techniques and irrigation efficiency. The model was first calibrated and validated depending on actual production and production of the model, then unmet demand in the base year was considered to suggest future scenarios in the period (2011-2050), including Reducing areas planted with summer crops and expanding areas planted with winter crops, irrigation efficiency scenario, deficit irrigation scenario, water harvesting scenario, and treatment plant scenario. The unmet demand was 638.2 million m³ in 2010, it decreased to 526 million m³ by the year 2050 with expand of winter crops. The unmet demand is dropped gradually with an application of previous scenarios to reach 249.4 million m³ with the application of treatment plants scenario with a water use efficiency of 0.74 kg / m³.

Keywords: Orontes basin, water resources, water deficit, scenario,  WEAP, MABIA.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Suliman Younes * ⁽¹⁾, Leila Habib ⁽²⁾  and  Ghiath Alloush⁽²⁾

(1). General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Lattakia, Syria.

(2). Department of Soil and Water Sciences- Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Eng Suliman Younes.. E-Mail: sulimanyounes89@gmail.com).

Received: 30/09/2021         Accepted: 12/03/2022

Abstract: 

The objective of this research was to study the adsorption and kinetics of ammonium ion on Syrian Zeolite Ore (SZO). This is a preliminary study for the use of zeolite in reducing nitrogen loss during composting of poultry manure. The study was conducted using gradient concentrations of ammonium chloride solution. Langmuir and Freundlich models applied. Both models predicted the adsorption process with coefficient correlation values R² ≥ ​​ 0.968. Kinetics adsorption studied using pseudo first order and Intra particle diffusion models. Models constants indicated that they could predict kinetics adsorption of ammonium, while models parameters indicated participation of more than one sorption mechanisms. The adsorbed ammonium on zeolite desorbed through successive extraction with 0.002 M of calcium or potassium chloride solutions in presence and absence of soil.  65 % of the absorbed ammonium was desorbed when using calcium chloride, whereas 94% of the absorbed ammonium was released within 168 hours using potassium chloride solution.

Key words: Syrian Zeolite Ore, Ammonium, adsorption, Kinetics.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Sawsan Haifa⁽¹⁾ , Aziz Assad⁽¹⁾ and Rafah Fares^*(1)

(1). Department of Soil and Water, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Rafah Mahmoud fares. E-Mail:faresrafah@yahoo.com)

Received: 25/11/2021         Accepted: 27/03/202

Abstract: 

The increasing growth of population and the scarcity of water sources available for human use, as well as the mismanagement of the available water resources have caused a great water deficit in Syria. This largely applies to the coastal area which suffers from a shortage of water resources, especially in summer. The Northern Great River is considered one of the most important water sources in Latakia, which has been exposed to many pollutants because of human activities within the basin of this river. Heavy elements are considered one of the most important dangers that this river has been exposed to, due to its seriousness to the vital community of this river, which extends to man through food chains. Six major sampling sites have therefore been identified in the lower part of the river in period 22/12/2019 to July,2022 in order to identify temporal and spatial changes in the composition of some heavy elements within the river water. Both pH and EC were measured in addition to three elements and cadmium. The results showed that copper was within the natural limits set by the World Health Organization. Both lead and cadmium have seriously exceeded the universally permitted limits. Statistical analysis of the correlation between the changes in the concentrations of the elements studied within the same location also showed that there was no moral correlation, which confirms the existence of various and different sources of these heavy elements in the river water.

Keyword: Alkabeer Alshamali River, heavy elements, Water pollution, phosphate fertilizers, sewage.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Yousef Khalaph ⁽¹⁾ , Khaldon Dormish ⁽¹⁾, Hossam Bahlawan ^(1)* and Wafaa Issa⁽²⁾

(1). Department of Soil and Land Reclamation, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Aleppo University.

(2). Department of Mathematical Statistics, Faculty of Science, Aleppo University.

(*Corresponding author: Hossam Bahlawan, E-mail : aaobahlawan@gmail.com).

Received: 7/09/2021           Accepted: 19/03/2022

Abstract: 

A column experiment was carried out under the conditions of the laboratory of colloids and clay minerals at the Faculty of Agricultural Engineering at the University of Aleppo. The aim of study is know the effect caused by the magnetization of irrigation water on the physicochemical properties of soils irrigated with water of different salinity. The experiment was carried out on selected gypsiferous soils from the village of Musharafa Al-Zakiya located in the Maskana project (Aleppo governorate). And it was irrigated with three types of water of different salinity (Euphrates River water -Rasm Al-Hamis village – Musharafa Al-Zakiya village). Irrigation technology was applied With magnetized water (M) and water without magnetization (NM), a leaching factor of 15% was used with water added to the columns, and the irrigation process was repeated ten times. The results indicated that the use of the water of Rasm Al-Hamis well and the well of Mishrifa, the magnetic purity, contributed to the washing of salts by 20% and 16% for the surface and subsurface layers, respectively, compared to similar treatments irrigated with normal water, and the results of the statistical analysis indicated that the decrease in the concentration of salts in the washed columns The magnetized water was significant. As for the magnetized water of the Euphrates, it contributed to the washing of salts from the surface layer within the soil columns by about 5.5%, compared with the treatment irrigated with non-magnetized Euphrates river water, and the decrease in the concentration of salts was not significant. The data indicated in general to the significant role of the washing coefficient applied in this study in the disposal of salts, in particular soda salts, as the data showed that the magnetization of water added to the studied soil columns contributed clearly in reducing the values ​​of the adsorbed sodium ratio (SAR) and the ratio of exchangeable sodium (ESP) compared to the non-magnetized irrigation water. The magnetization of water also contributed to improving the porosity of soil irrigated with magnetized water, compared to treatments irrigated with ordinary water.

Keyword: Magnetized Water, Gypsiferous Soils, Saline Agriculture, gauss.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Jenan   Othman^(1)*,  Mohammad Imad Khrieba⁽²⁾, Shorouq Barbahan⁽¹⁾

(1). Horticulture Department,Faculty Of Agriculture,Tishreen University, Lattakia,Syria.

(2). General Authority For Biotechnology, Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Jenan    Othma , E-mail : jenan.othman@gmail.com).

Received:29/11/2022                   Accepted: 23/03/2022

Abstract: 

The research was carried out in the gardens nursery of Tishreen university in the spring of the agricultural season (2020),within net plastic bags, and used in the research, sandy clay virgin soil ,to study the effect of treating potato plants with bio-fertilizer(Trichoderma harzianum) on the growth and productivity of the potato crop (Spunta variety),where the design of randomized complete sectors was adopted in the implementation of the research, the research included studying the effect of treating potato plants with biofertilizer(Trichoderma harzianum) alone or with the addition of (25%,50%)of the recommended amount of fertilizer for potato plants and comparing it with the control  without mineral fertilization and treatment of farms, the results showed that treating plants with biofertilizer(Trichoderma harzianum) alone contributed to a significant increase in the area of the leaf surface of plants, the number of leaves, the height of the plants,and the average weight of the tuber,and the production of the plant compared to not adding it ,and that adding 25% and 50% of the recommended amount of mineral fertilizers contributed to a significant increase in all the studied traits compared with the control,and the treatment of the farmer was significantly superior to all treatments,thus,the importance of the bio-fertilizer (Trichoderma harzianum) is manifested in reducing the amount of mineral fertilizers used(25%,50%),which is attributed to the increase in the production of potato plants.

KeyWords:Potato,Bio-enriched (Trichoderma harzianum), morphological traits , productivity.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Bashar Tobo ^(1)*

(1). General Commission for Scientific Agriculture Research, Latakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Bashar Tobo  E-Mail: bashar.tobo33@gmail.com)

Received: 20/01/2022                          Accepted:23/03/2022

Abstract: 

The research was carried out in 2019 at the Management and Organization Center, which is located in the village of Mardash of the city of Suqaylabiyah on the eastern side of the Lattakia mountain range. This research aimed to studying the growth and biomass of Eucalyptus camaldulensis  Dehn. in Al-Ghab region. 21 circular samples were taken in 2017, the area of each sample was 400 m². The following measurements were taken for each sample: trees number (N), diameter at breast height (dbh) and total trees height (H). Ten(10) trees were chosen covering all diameter classes, to estimate the form factor and to construct the biomass. Wood volume and mean annual increment of Eucalyptus trees were calculated. In addition to the above, total biomass was calculated using an exponential function. The results showed that mean of the form factor of Eucalyptus trees in the study area was about 0.41, while the wood volume value reached to 249.18 m³/ha with tree density of 208 trees/ha. The mean of annual increment was 3.89 m³/ha/year.

Keywords: Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn., Wood productivity, Form factor.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Yaser Aljwafi*^{(1) ,} Muneer Alsayadi ⁽²⁾, Hazem Al ashwal⁽¹⁾, Khaled Al-rahi⁽¹⁾, Aref Al shamiri⁽¹⁾

(1). Agricultural Research and Extension Authority. Northern highlands regional research station Sana’a, Yemen

(2). faculty of Agriculture, Ibb University – Ibb-Yemen

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Yaser Aljwafi  E-Mail: ymj2010@gmail.com)

Received:8/06/2022            Accepted: 26/10/2022

Abstract: 

The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition, physical, and rheological properties of newly improved bread wheat varieties. The varieties were planted in the agricultural research farm in the Sana’a region, and the harvest was carried out and the analyzes were carried out in the year 2021. Physical and chemical tests were conducted on samples of whole grain flour, and the rheological and baking tests were performed on the extracted flour and dough samples, the resulting news was evaluated sensually for all studied varieties. The results showed that the moisture content ranged between 7.3% in Sakhaa19 cultivar and 8.3% in Jeza40 cultivar. The highest protein content was 13.9% in Ejhad13 cultivar and the lowest 10% in Jeza 40 cultivar, and the highest fat content was found in both Sakaha19 and Giza 40, 2.1%, and the lowest percentage in Al-Wadi’i cultivar was 1.6%. The total ash content ranged between 1.49% in the Mubashir26 cultivar and 1.67% in the Giza40 cultivar. The weight of 1000 grains ranged between 37.7g in cultivar Giza40 and 42.5gm in cultivar Sakha19, and the specific weight ranged between 78.1 kg/hectoliter and 82.5 kg/hectoliter, and the percentage of wet gluten ranged between 21.7% in Giza40 cultivar and 38% in Ejhad13, while amylase activity ranged from 179s in the Sakha19cultivar to the highest activity of 313s in the Mubashir 26 cultivar. Farinograph results also indicated the superiority of Ejhad13 in the degree of water absorption (14%) with 65, while the lowest absorption degree was 53.2 in Sakaha19. The highest dough development time was found in Ejhad13 and the lowest time in Sakaha19, 4.3 and 1.8 minutes respectively. The classification of all flour samples was of medium strength in the stability of dough, with the superiority of Ejhad13and Al-Wadi’i. Ejhad13had the highest valoremetric number and the lowest degree of weakness, while the opposite for Giza 40. The results of the extensograph showed that Al-Wadi’i cultivar was the best in tensile strength, and Giza40 was the weakest, Mubashir26 had the highest value of maximum tensile and elastic resistance, and Sakha19 was the lowest, the opposite for flexibility. The results of the sensory evaluation showed the superiority of the strain Ejhad13in all sensory properties, while the cultivar Giza40 got the lowest value in the uniformity of shape, color and the pulpregularity, and the variety Sakha19 was the lowest in color. It is concluded from the study that all the new improved bread wheat varieties have good nutritional value and good and promising rheological and sensory properties for the bread industry in varying degrees according to the variety.

Keywords: Improved Wheat, Chemical Composition, Rheological Properties,Farinograph.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

May Ayyash ^(1)* , Hassan Kaur ⁽¹⁾, Abdul Mohsen Al-Sayed Omar⁽²⁾ and Yasser Al Salama⁽³⁾

(1). Department of Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria.

(2). Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria.

(3). Department of Soil Sciences, , Faculty of Agriculture, Al Furat University, Der Ezzor, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Mai Alayash E-Mail: maiayash1980@gmail.com)

Received:9/11/2021                 Accepted:22/03/2022

Abstract: 

The research was carried out at Kuskeis Research Station during the agricultural season 2019/2020, to investigate the effect of isolates of mycorrhizae on the drought resistance of the wheat crop, by studying of some osmotic variables (soluble sugars) and morphology in water stress conditions during different growth stages. The experiment was designed in a completely randomized design with the arrangement of the split plots.  Two varieties of wheat (Sham 5 and sham7) placed in the main plots, and the mycorrhizal species prepared from three sources (grass, onions, maize) (M₁, M₂, M₃) in the sub plots of the first degree and both mycorrhizal concentrations. (i1,i2) (2.5 ml, 5 ml) respectively In sub-plots of the second order. The results showed a difference in the rate of mycorrhizal infection during the growth stages of each of the two wheat varieties, and the harvest stage was superior in the rest of the growth stages in both varieties, and the M2i2 treatment was superior in the infection rate in both varieties over the rest of the treatments, which was (61.33 % – 68%) respectively. The results also showed a difference in plant height between Plants pollinated and non-pollinated with mycorrhizal fungi, although there were no significant differences between mycorrhizal isolates according to the statistical results. While the differences were significant between concentrations, it was noted that the first and second concentrations (2.5 ml and 5 ml) of mycorrhiza were superior than the control (third concentration) reaching where the plant length (79.76 cm) in the Sham 5 variety. As for root length, the statistical analysis showed that the differences were not significant between all isolates of Mycorrhiza and concentrations. Concerning the length of the spike, the differences were not significant for isolates and mycorrhizal concentrations of variety Sham 5, while the differences were not significant for isolates of mycorrhiza only, but they were significant with respect to mycorrhizal concentrations of variety of sham 7 where the root length arrived to (8.95 cm). It was noted that there were insignificant differences between the mycorrhizal isolates, but it was significant between the concentrations. It was noted that the values of soluble sugars increased in non- inoculated plants to (16.76%) in the Sham 5 variety and (20.63%) in the Sham 7 variety compared with the inoculated plants with the first and second concentrations. The percentage of sugars decreased under inoculated plants with mycorrhiza in both varieties, Thus, the effect of mycorrhiza appeared in increasing the plant’s resistance to drought through growth indicators such as plant height (for Sham 5 variety), as well as spike length (for Sham 7 variety), and the low percentage of sugars in pollinated plants (for two varieties).

 Keywords: : wheat,  mycorrhizae,  soluble sugars,  drought.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Mohammad Noor AlAssaf ^*(1) and Abdulghani Alkhaldi⁽¹⁾

(1). Cotton Research Administration, Aleppo, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Mohammad Noor ALassaf, E-Mail: assafnoor57@gmail.com.)

Received: 5/02/2022                 Accepted: 30/03/2022 

Abstract: 

The research was carried out at the Hamima Research Station of the Agricultural Scientific Research Center in Aleppo, during the 2020 and 2021 seasons, in a sandy loamy clay soil.  The research aimed to study the response of some productive and early traits of cotton variety Aleppo 118 to foliar spraying with fertilizer containing some micro-elements during the stages of plant growth. The experiment was designed according to the (Randomized Block Design), and the experiment treatments  were as follows: control treatment (T1) (without spraying the chelating fertilizer), treatment (T2) (the foliar fertilizer was sprayed only at the beginning of the flowering), treatment (T3) (the leaf fertilizer was sprayed twice The first at the beginning of flowers and the second after 15 days from the previous treatment), the treatment (T4) (the foliar fertilizer was sprayed three times, the first at the beginning of the flowers, the second and the third at an interval of 15 days). The results of the average of the two seasons for the seed cotton yield, showed that there were high significant differences between the studied treatments, the third treatment outperformed by (56, 32.3, 18.1)% over the treatments (T1, T2, T4) respectively. In addition, there was no significant difference between the fourth and second treatment, but they outperformed the first treatment (control) by (32.1 and 17.9), respectively. Regarding the number of bolls, the fourth, third and second treatments outperformed the first treatment by (50.0, 42.9, and 34.3) %, respectively, and there was no significant difference between the fourth, third and second treatments. The results also showed that there were significant differences between the studied treatments for the earliness of the variety, where the fourth treatment outperformed the first treatment, and there were no significant differences between the fourth, second and third treatments. It can be concluded that foliar spraying with fertilizer twice, the first at the beginning of flowers and the second 15 days after the first spray, led to a significant increase in the productive components of this variety.

Keywords: Cotton, The effect of adding micro nutrient, Components of the crop, Growth Stages.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Amal Hamdi Jassim^*(1) and   Salih Hassan Al-Azzawi ⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Animal Production, College of Agriculture, University of Diyala, Iraq.

(*Correspondinga uthor:Amal Hamdi Jassim.E-mail: Amalalawsy94@gmail.com ).   

Received: 20/12/2021                 Accepted: 2/04/2022 

Abstract: 

 This study was conducted in the animal field Department of Animal Production – College of Agriculture – University of Diyala as well as the Molecular Genetics Laboratory in the college for the period from 15/6/2021 to 9/15/2021, with the aim of determining the genetic manifestations of the Growth Differential Factor (GDF9) gene and its relationship to some Reproductive traits in a sample of 15 male black goats The polymorphism of the GDF9 gene differed in the male goat sample and was 67, 27 and 6% for each of the genotypes CC, CA and AA, respectively, and the variation between these percentages was not significant and gene frequency 0.8 and 0.2 for allele C and G, respectively. The results of the current study showed that there was no significant effect on testis dimensions during the study period, as for semen quality, we notice a significant increase in the number of sperms in the ejaculate and the Acrosome integrity in favor of the (CC) gene in July In August, the CC gene was superior in the number of sperms in the ejaculate, while the integrity of the plasma membrane was in favor of the AA gene. In September, we did not notice changes in the quality of the semen among the three genotypes.                          

Keywords: GDF9, testicular dimensions, semen quality.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf