Abeer jubily⁽¹⁾ , Boulos Khoury⁽²⁾  and Mazen Rajab⁽¹⁾

(1). Lattakia Research Center, GCSAR,Syria.

(2). Crops Dep, Agric.Fac, Tishreen Univ, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Abeer Jubily. E-Mail: abeerjubily.e@gmail.com).

Received: 31/07/2022         Accepted: 15/10/2022

Abstract: 

Genetic improvement for higher production and better quality considered pivotal to agriculture. Improvement in either single or few economic traits and quality characters can be achieved with the help of induced mutations within the shortest possible time. The study was conducted to study 28 mutants of the chickpea cultivar Gab4 in the third generation M3. Seeds of the M3 generation together with the untreated control were evaluated in a randomized block design with three replications at the Agricultural Science Research Center in Lattakia, Syria during winter 2020. Observations were recorded for days to 50% flowering, plant height,number of pods per plant, number of seeds per plant, 100 seed weight and seed yield per plant. The highest number of high-yield mutant strains resulted from treatment with 15KR of gamma irradiation. The highest seed yield was recorded in the mutant strain 15-16 (49.37 g.plant ^-1). The results indicated that the dose of 20KR of gamma irradiation was the most effective in decreasing seed weight, while the dose of 15KR was the most effective in increasing the number of pods per plant, number of seeds per plant, and seed yield per plant in the mutants. In contrast, the dose 25KR of gamma irradiation was the least effective among all doses.

Keywords: chickpea, high yielding, mutant strains, gamma irradiation.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Sabah A. Al-Badrani  ⁽¹⁾ and Rehab A. H. AL-Baker ⁽²⁾ *

(1). Qbat Al-Saskra School for Girls, General Directorate of Nineveh Education, Iraq.

(2). Dept. of Environmental Sciences/ College of Environmental Sciences and Technologies/University of Mosul, Iraq.

(*Corresponding author: Rehab A. H. AL-Baker. E-Mail: rehsbio39@uomosul.edu.iq).

Received: 1/02/2022           Accepted: 14/10/2022

Abstract: 

The research was carried out in laboratories of the college science, University of Mosul between (2019-2020). The study aimed to detect the magnetic field (M.F.) activity in initiation and growth of Silybum marianum L. callus cultures from sterilized seedlings segments (roots, leaves, stems and nodes) which had been cultured on solid (MS) medium supplemented with (3.0)mg/L of Benzyl adenine (BA) and (5.0) mg/L of Naphthalene Acetic Acid(NAA). Besides measuring different callus biomarkers, and explaining the role of the (M.F.) in silybin accumulation in callus cultures, based on High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) Technique. The results indicated that the best response was for the roots callus cultures compared with the rest of the cultures used in the research, as the increase in fresh weight of roots callus after expose to magnetic field (M.F.), which reached (4.0) g fresh weight and (96%) viability, (1.85) mg/g protein concentration after 40 days. HPLC results revealed a dramatic increase in accumulation of active compound (silybin) by M.F. for all callus cultures depending on Retention time (R_t) and area under the curve for the standard sample (ST).

Keywords: (HPLC) Technique, Magnetic Field (M.F.), Silybin, Silybum marianum callus.

Full paper in English:  pdf

Soulaf  Al-Jaramany ^(1)* and  Maher Hassan ⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Soulaf  Al-Jaramany  E-Mail soulaf.aljaramany@gmail.com).

Received: 22/04/2022                    Accepted:14/10/2022

Abstract: 

The research was carried out in Rankous district of Al-Tal district in Damascus countryside during the year 2020 with the aim of studying the effect of spraying with licorice extract on some indicators of vegetative growth and production of the peach tree. The foliar spray was applied using four concentrations of licorice extract (0, 1.5, 3, and 5 g/L), each treatment included 9 trees 8 years old. The experiment was designed according to randomized complete blocks. The results showed that the treatment of foliar spraying with licorice root extract improved the vegetative growth indicators. The leaf area was superior to the foliar area when spraying with the concentration (5 g/l) (43.00 cm2/leaf) and with significant differences between overall treatments and the control that gave the least leaf area (28.00 cm2/leaf). and this was positively reflected in production and productivity indicators, where this treatment was significantly superior in increasing the percentage of set flowers, average fruit weight, productivity, and fruit diameter (51.00%, 101.00 g, 73.26 kg/tree, 6.34 mm, respectively) overall treatments and the control. 31.00%, 62.00g, 40.00kg/tree, 4.65mm respectively).

Keywords: peach, licorice extract, vegetative growth, production.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Shaza Alhasan ^*(1), Badie Samra  ⁽¹⁾  and Ammar Zayoud ⁽²⁾

(1). Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(2). Al-Ghab Agricultural Center, GCSAR, Syria.

(*corresponding author: Shaza Alhasan. E-Mail: Shazaalhasan62@yahoo.com)

Received  :5/06/2022                   Accepted ; 9/10/2022

Abstract: 

The research was carried out at Jeb Ramla research station affiliated to the AL – Ghab Agricultural Scientific Research Center,  Hama governorate during  the spring lug of the 2021 agricultural season . The research aimed to study  the  effect of organic fertilizer  and Olive Mill Wastewater (OMWW) on growth and yield of  Solanum melongena L , its design  the method of randomized complete block was followed with three replicates per treatment and on the average of  18  plants per repeater . The experiment included   five treatments using different types of organic manure ( cows , sheep ) 3 kg /m2  , olive mill wastewater (2 and 3) m3 / dunum and the control .  The results showed that the cultivation of eggplant with the use of organic fertilization with sheep waste  has achieved a significant superiority over the other treatments   in terms of the characteristics of the number of leaves ( 113.62     ) leaves/ plant , leafy surface space (  4114   )  cm2 / plant    , number of fruits  (    44.43    )    fruit/ plant and the yield of plant (  6,153     ) g \ plant  . while  the differences  were  insignificant   between the treatments of sheep waste  and mineral manure ( treatment of farms ) in terms of plant height  , where the sheep treatment recorded the highest values compared to the rest of the treatments (51.21) cm    , followed by the mineral fertilizing treatment (48,26 ) cm , there was also no significant difference  between the treatments of sheep waste and cow manure waste in terms of  leaf area indez ,where the treatments of sheep manure recorded the highest values compared to the rest of   the treatments (1,375) , followed by the treatment of cows manure (1,325) from.  This can be concluded that the use of sheep waste in Solanum melongena cultivation gives better results in the growth and production of Solanum melongena l .

Key words : solanum  melongena , organic fertilizer , Olive Mill Wastewater  vegetative growth indicators , productivity  indicators .

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Soulaf  Al-Jaramany ^(1)* and  Maher Hassan ⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Soulaf  Al-Jaramany  E-Mail soulaf.aljaramany@gmail.com).

Received: 22/04/2022                    Accepted:21/09/2022

Abstract: 

The research was carried out in Rankos sub-district of Al-Tal district in Damascus countryside governorate during two years -2020-2021. The trees were sprayed with salicylic acid at the following concentrations (0, 50, 100, 200 ppm). Each treatment contained 9 trees of 8 years of age, and the experiment was designed according to randomized complete blocks.Where the research aimed to study the effect of spraying with the growth regulator salicylic acid on some growth and production characteristics of the peach tree and some quality criteria for its fruits. The results of the vegetative growth indicators showed that the foliar spraying process with salicylic acid improved all the studied indicators, so the average length of the shoots increased to reach (73.20 cm) compared to the control (55.00 cm), but the differences were not significant. The results also showed an increase in peach tree production by (16.5, 43.5,57.57%) for spraying treatments (50, 100, 200 ppm) respectively compared to the control (40.00 kg/tree). 5.13 kg/cm² for treatments (50, 100, 200ppm), respectively, compared to the control (4.67 kg/cm²). And the calcium content of fruits increased, as it reached the highest value (1.16%) at the concentration of 100 ppm of salicylic acid compared to the control (0.65)%.The percentage increase in the total soluble solids concentration of the treated fruits was 100 ppm (10.00%) compared to the control (7.20%).

Key words: peach (Prunus persica , Dixy Red), salicylic acid, growth, production, quality.

Full paper in Arabic:  pdf

Reem Issa^(1)*

(1). Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Reem Issa  E-Mail: reem.issa12a@gmail.com  ).

Received: 28/04/2022                    Accepted:11/09/2022

Abstract: 

The experiment was carried out in the seed germination laboratory of the Department of Horticulture in the College of Agriculture for the year 2021, using the Emperada cultivar. The experiment contained 4compounds: Pyrex, Paw-Humus compound, Agroton compound, and extract. The experiment included six treatments (control: dry, untreated seeds, soaked seeds in plain water, soaked seeds in gibberellin acid solution concentration 10 mg/L, soaked seeds in organic humic nutrient solution concentration of 1 g/L,soaked seeds in non-organic nutrient solution Humic concentration 1.5 cm 3/ L, seeds soaked in a solution of marine algae extract (concentration 2g/L) in four replicates and at a rate of 100 seeds per replicate. Filled with peat moss, the results showed that soaking the seeds with the previous compounds led to activating seed germination and increasing seed vigor,  and that seaweed extract Alga 600 was significantly superior in increasing seed vigor and this was obvious in increasing plant height 19.5 cm, number of leaves 8.7 leaves, and tolerance to seedling shock by increasing the root/vegetative weight ratio 29.6%.

Key words: Soaking, Eggplant,Humic,Non Humic, Germination.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Andaleeb Saeed ^{(1) *}_, Mohamad. Kh. Tahle ⁽¹⁾  and RawaaTlay  ⁽¹⁾

(1). Dept. Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Andaleeb Saeed  E-Mail: andaleeb33444@gmail.com).

Received: 8/09/2022                    Accepted:3/10/2022

Abstract                                

Abstract: 

This research was conducted in the laboratories of the Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Damascus University, and aimed to manufacture persimmon purée by hot air oven drying method at a temperature of 60ºC. and adding different concentrations of gum Arabic (25, 30, 35%) to the persimmon purée a drying agent to drying and study its effect on the chemical and physical indicators of this product. The obtained results showed that the powders manufactured with the addition of gum arabic (30, 35%) significantly decreased in moisture content (3.50, 3.33 %), a decrease in the acidity number (6.34, 6.26), and total sugar content (43.52, 39.30) g /100 g dry weight, and an increase in the percentage of ash which reached (4.78, 4.55) g /100 g dry weight respectively. These powders were characterized by the highest rate of productivity (36.40, 35.92), solubility (91.93, 91.91%), bulk density values (0.76, 0.83) g/cm3, and  the lowest values for the degree of caking were  (18.33, 18.26%), and hygroscopicity values (17.80, 15.83%). The samples to which gum arabic was added with increased values of the lightness index (L) and decreased in the values of the degree of redness and yellowness index (a, b) and H  index,  while the persimmon puree powder manufactured without adding gum arabic showed a significant superiority in terms of the indicators of color intensity values and the values of the degree of redness and yellowness.

Keywords: Persimmon Puree, Powder, Drying, Chemical and Physical  Indicators, Gum Arabic.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Rawaa Tlay* ⁽¹⁾, Mohamad Mohamad ⁽¹⁾and  Hadyia Almoqdad ⁽¹⁾

(1). Dept. Food Science, Agricultural College, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria_.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Rawaa Tlay, E-Mail: rawaa751@gmail.com)

Received: 30/05/2022         Accepted: 2/10/2022

Abstract: 

This research was conducted at the Faculty of Agricultural Engineering in the Laboratories of the Food Science Department in 2021 AD, and was aimed to study chemical and microbial properties of cupcake product after adding green tea extract at different proportions. The samples were prepared by adding green tea extract in different proportions (3, 5 and 10%). The sample fortified with green tea extract by 10% showed a significant increase in its moisture content, as the percentage of moisture content reached to (19.91%), while pH of this sample increased to (9.05 compared with control sample (6.98). On the other hand, the sample supplemented with 10% of green tea extract showed a significant increase in its total phenols content and antioxidant activity, as the percentage of total phenols reached to (19.21 mg/100g sample), while the antioxidant activity of this sample reached to (82.89%) compared with control sample (2.27%) immediately after manufacturing, and the sample fortified with 5% of green tea extract was superior in sensory characteristics compared with other samples. As for the microbial aspect, all samples were free of coliform bacteria, and results indicated a decrease in total count of bacteria in the samples supplemented with green tea extract at different proportions.

Key Words: Green Tea Extract, Cupcake, Microbial Load, Total Phenols, Antioxidant Activity.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Kamel Khalil * ⁽¹⁾, Maher Dais ⁽²⁾ and Basel Fares ⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Environmental Prevention, Higher Institute for Environmental Research, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(2) . The General Authority for Scientific Agricultural Research, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. kamel Khalil: d.kamelkhalil@tishreen.edu.sy).

Received:12/06/2022        Accepted:29/08/2022

Abstract: 

This study aimed to determine the concentration of heavy metals: lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), and zinc (Zn) in surface soils (0-20 cm) for nine sites )S1 to S9) in Banyas city. During the year 2021. The results showed that the ranking of elemental concentrations (general average) in ppm were as follows: [Mn (577.06) > Zn (69.32) > Pb (30.69) > Ni (28.20) > Cu (25.49) > Cd ( 0.55)] and these values were above the normal value for lead (27 ppm), cadmium (0.4 ppm) and manganese (488 ppm), while copper was below the normal value (38.9 ppm), and were close to the normal value for zinc (70 ppm)and nickel (29 ppm). The results showed that the highest value of lead was in the (S9) site, cadmium in the (S9, S1 and S8) sites, and the highest values of zinc were recorded in the (S5 and S7) sites. The highest values for nickel were recorded at the sites (S8 and S5) for manganese, and the highest values were recorded at the sites (S7, S3 and S4).The results also showed a positive significant correlation between the values of nickel and cadmium and between lead and cadmium, as well as a significant negative correlation between nickel and manganese.

Key Words: Soil pollution – Heavy metals – Banyas (Syria).

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Ozara Alahmad ^(1)*,Bahaa AlRahban ⁽²⁾and Aswad Mohemeed ⁽³⁾

(1). Department of plant protection,  Faculty of Agriculture, AlFurat University, Deir Ezzor, Syria.

(2). General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Damascus, Syria . 

(*Corresponding author: Ozara Samir Alahmad,  E-Mail: ozara781@gmail.com )     

Recevied:2/07/2022                         Accepted:18/08/2022

Abstract: 

The experiment was carried out at the Saalo Research Station of the Agricultural Scientific Research Center in Deir Ezzor (30 km east of Deir Ezzor) through the season 2020 , with the aim of determining the most important types of weeds that accompanies with maize, and evaluating the effectiveness of four rates of application of the herbicide (2,4-D) (0.5, 0.75, 1 and 1.25 L/ha) in controlling broadleaf weeds under different rates of seeds (2.5,3,3.5 kg/ dunum) in the competitiveness between maize crop with weeds and their effect on growth and productivity. The efficiency of herbicide was 81.3% at the rate of application 1.25 liters / hectare when the seed rate was 3.5 kg / dunum, and the dry weight of the weeds decreased to 70.8 g/m² while the dry weight of yellow corn increased to 221.1 g/m² .The average height of the maize plant increased to 150 cm and the weight of 100 kernels increased (33.1 g) at the rate 1.25 liters / hectare and the higher seed rate, it also achieved the highest grain yield recorded 15,617 tons/ha. The highest seed rate was significantly superior to all the studied treatments, and the yield was increased. The treatment of weed control with a seed rate 3.5 kg/dunum was superior in all studied treatments compared with using the herbicide.

Key word: Zea mays, Herbicide, Plant Density, Seed rate, planting properties, yield.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf