Hadeel Chasib Abbas⁽¹⁾  and Abd al-Nabi Abd al-Amir Matroud^*(1)

(1). Plant Protection Department, College of Agriculture, Basrah University,Iraq.

(^* Corresponding author: Dr. Abdulnabi Abbdul Ameer Matrood. E-Mail: abdul_nabi.matrwod@uobasrah.edu.iq).

Received: 27/07/2022                    Accepted: 29/11/2022

Abstract: 

  This study showed the ability of two isolates of the pathogenic fungus A.alternata in the water agar medium. The isolate of fruits had the most effect on the severity of infection of tomato seeds in the dish, reaching 59% compared to isolate the leaves, which amounted to 47%. The results of the antagonism test for T.viride and T. .koningii in PDA culture medium had a high antagonistic ability against A.alternata by spot method, the inhibition zone reached (2.3, 1.8), respectively. The filtrates of biological resistance fungi showed inhibition of the pathogenic fungus A.alternata when used at concentrations of (10,20,30)% with PDA culture medium. When analyzing the infiltrates of T.viride and T.koningii using GC-MS technique, several chemical compounds that have a role in inhibiting pathogens were obtained, including n-Hexadecanoic acid and Octadecanoic acid. As for the total phenol content in the leaves of the tomato plant, T.konhngii treatment gave the highest content of phenol, as it reached 0.56 mg. Also, chlorophyll was increased in tomato leaves, so the T.v + T.k treatment gave the highest percentage of chlorophyll, which amounted to 47.55 mg, compared to the fungus A.alternata treatment, which amounted to 36.13 mg .The biological resistance fungi also reduced the severity of infection with the pathogenic fungus A.alternata, which amounted to 19.66% in the treatment of T.konhngii, compared to the treatment of the pathogenic fungus, which amounted to 50.36%.

  Key words: Tomato, Trichoderma koningii, Trichoderma viride, Alternaria alternata.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Alisar shaabow^(1)*, Nisreen Dib⁽¹⁾, Majida Mofleh⁽¹⁾,  Riad Zidan⁽²⁾, , Amal Haj Hasan⁽¹⁾, Ammar Askaria⁽¹⁾, Lina Adra⁽¹⁾ and Nirmin Sakoor⁽¹⁾

(1). General Commission for scientific Agriculture Research, Lattakia, Syria

(2). Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture Tishreen University,    Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Alisar Shaabow. E-Mail: alisar.nadeem@yahoo.com)

Received: 24/01/2022         Accepted:6/06/2023

Abstract: 

The research was carried out at Alsonawbar station of the Agricultural Scientific Research Center in Lattakia in the spring of 2021, the research included six treatments (control, spraying with fungicides: Ranman, Moximate, and biological control agents: Bacillus subtilis, Beauveria bassiana, Trichoderma harizianum) in order to compare the effect of using chemical pesticides with the effectiveness of some beneficial microorganisms in enhancing the systemic acquired resistance of potato against early blight Alternaria solani  and its reflection on growth and production of potato. Results showed that treating pesticide plants by spraying fungicide moximate led to reduction in the severity and percentage of infection, they reached 14.05% and 32% respectively  after two weeks of treatment, which was less than the control treatment by 20.92 and 17% respectively; and by following up the effect of early blight on the foliage, results showed that Beauveria bassiana treatment was the best, that after 100 days of planting it recorded 8430.75  cm²/plant for the foliage area, and  the leaf area  index was 3.45 m²/m² ; while Bacillus subtilis treatment exceeded other treatments in terms of the numbers of tubers, productivity per unit area, and marketing production, which reached: 11.6 tuber/plant, 990.6 g/plant, 3877 kg/donum, respectively.

Key words: Potato, Alternaria solani, Chemical Control, Biological Control, Systemic Acquired Resistance, Productivity.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Mahmoud Ali Abdallah Elmoflehi ^(1)*, Ali Abdallah alqathy⁽¹⁾  Hesham Abdaraqib Alaiany⁽¹⁾  and  Zakaria Hossin Algithy⁽¹⁾

(1). Plant Protection Department, Faculty  of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Sanaa,   Yemen.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Mahmoud Ali Abdallah Elmoflehi, mel_moflehi@yahoo.com)

Received: 3/09/2022           Accepted:22/01/2023

Abstract: 

This study was conducted (2019-2020) for the purpose of surveying and estimating the incidence of Yemen coffee tree wilt disease, Coffea Arabica, and isolating the pathogens associated with the disease in Sana’a Governorate, Manakhah  (East Harz) and Sa`afan Districts. The percentage of dead trees was 13.46% and 5.77%, and the percentage of trees showing signs of wilt was 16.7% and 11.99% in each of Manakhah  and Sa`afan  Districts, respectively. The wilt-causing fungus Fusarium oxysporium were Isolation  from the soil and roots of coffee trees, where four strains of the fungus appeared, namely pink, white, yellow and violet. Seven parasitic  nematode genera were associated with coffee tree roots,(Tylenchus, Aphelenchus, Helicotylenchs, Xiphinema, Pratylenchus, Rotylenchus and Rotylunchulus).

keywords: coffee yemen, wilt, yemen, nematodes,Fusarium.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Majd Mohammad Darwish * ⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Majd Darwish. E-Mail: majds26@yahoo.com).

Received:2/12/2021            Accepted: 3/06/2022

Abstract: 

The research was carried out in Al-Mzeiraa village within Lattakia during the 2021 agricultural season, by planting tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) seedlings in experimental plots according to the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) and with three replicates per treatment. The aim of this research was to study the effect of drought stress induced with PEG concentrations (0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 %) or spraying with hydrogen peroxide H₂O₂ (0, 10, 20 and 30 mmol), or spraying with H₂O₂ under conditions of drought stress in some growth and productivity characteristics of the studied tobacco cultivar. Plant height (cm) and a number of morphological (total leaf area (cm²), net photosynthetic (mg/cm²/day)), biochemical (total content of chlorophyll and proline (µg/g fresh weight) and soluble sugars %) and productivity (dry leaf yield (g/plant)) indicators were measured. Drought stress treatments, especially at concentrations 30 and 40 % PEG, caused a significant decrease (P<0.05) in most of the studied growth and productivity traits. On the other hand, spraying with H₂O₂ alone, especially at concentrations of 10 and 20 mmol, resulted in a significant increase (P<0.05) in most of the studied traits. Also, spraying treatments with H₂O₂ under drought stress conditions significantly improved plant growth and productivity in all spraying treatments 10, 20 and 30 mmol, except for the treatment of spraying at a concentration of 30 mm under the conditions of drought stress 40 % PEG, which led to a negative effect on all the studied characteristics. Thus, it can be suggested to spray tobacco plants with a concentration of 10-20 mmol of H₂O₂ alone, or those grown under conditions (low and medium intensity) of drought stress, due to its positive role in improving growth and increasing the leaf yield of tobacco.

Keywords: Hydrogen peroxide, Tobacco, Drought stress, Polyethylene glycol.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

 Majd Mohammad Darwish*⁽¹⁾ Nizar Ali Moualla⁽¹⁾ and Ali Sami Foiti⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Majd Darwish. E-Mail: majds26@yahoo.com).

Received:28/04/2022          Accepted: 3/07/2022

Abstract: 

The research was carried out at Ain Al-Arous village in Lattakia governorate during the agricultural season 2021 by the cultivation of tobacco (Nicotiana rustica L.) seedlings in experimental plots, according to the randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates. The objective of this research was to study the effect of foliar spraying treatments with soluble potassium sulfate (0, 6, 12 and 18 kg/ha) or with glycine betaine GB (0, 50, 100 and 150 mM), or spraying with potassium fertilizer and glycine betaine together on some growth characteristics and productivity and quality traits of the studied variety. So, the plant height (cm), and a number of morphysiological (plant leaf area (cm²) and leaf area index (LAI)), the productivity (fresh and dry leaves yield (kg/1000 m²), and the total content of chlorophyll (µg/g FW), soluble sugars, proteins and nicotine % were measured. Potassium spray treatments, especially at concentrations 6 and 12 kg/ha, and spraying with glycine betaine (150 mM) led to a significant increase (P<0.05) in most of growth indicators and leaf yield, as well as increasing of soluble sugars % and decreasing of proteins and nicotine % in dry leaves. Also, potassium and glycine betaine spraying together showed a significant improvement in the growth, productivity and quality of tobacco leaves when spraying with potassium (6 kg/ha) under all treatments of spraying with glycine betaine (50, 100 and 150 mM). Thus, it can be suggested to spray Nicotiana rustica L. variety  with potassium sulfate at 6-12 kg/ha alone or with glycine betaine at a concentration of 50-100 mM, or spraying with glycine betaine at 150 mM alone due to their observed role in stimulating the plant growth and increasing leaf yield quantitatively and qualitatively.

Keywords: Nicotiana rustica L.; Potassium sulfate; Glycine betaine; Productivity.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf 

Ghrood Al-Aswd^(1)*  Taha Ahmad Al-Arefi ⁽²⁾  Ibtisam AbdulAziz Al-Abed ⁽²⁾ Thamer AL Hniesh⁽¹⁾ and Mhmoud Sedo⁽³⁾

 (1). Depart. of  field crops Res. GCSAR, Damascus, Syria.   

(2). Hama Research center, GCSAR, Syria.

(3). Homs, GCSAR, Syria.

(*corresponding author: Ghrood Al-Aswd. E- Mail : ghroodaswd@yahoo.com).

       Received: 24/09/2022              Accepted: 24/11/2022

Abstract: 

A field experiment was carried out in Homs and Hama research centers, under irrigated conditions during the 2018-2019 growing seasons, in order to evaluate 7 genotypes of soybean. The experiment was laid in a randomized complete block design with three replications. traits of(number of days until flowering, number of branches, plant height, height of the first pod, number of pods/plant, weight of 100 seeds, seed yield) were studied. Principle component analysis was carried out in order to portioning the total variance into principal components. Correlation analysis and path coefficient analysis between studied traits and seed yield were applied to obtain direct and indirect effects and to define their contribution (%) in seed yield to identify the selection criteria for seed yield. The results showed that seed yield had a significant positive correlation between number of pods/plant and weight of 100 seeds (0.689**, 0.805**) respectively. Principle component analysis results indicated that there are two components (PC1, PC2) explain79.8% of the variance between the studied genotypes. Results of path coefficient analysis showed that the direct effects of number of pods/plant, the number of branches and the number of days until flowering were positive andstatistically significant (2.827, 2.755, 1.727) respectively. The overall contribution of the studied traits in seed yield 38.32%, In summary, using these traits especially (number of pods/plant and the weight of 100 seeds) as selection criteria is preferred direction when breeding for high yield potential.

Key Words: Principal Component, Correlation, Path coefficient, seed yield, soybean.

Full paper in Arabic:  pdf

Sundus Jaber Mohammed ^*(1) and  Sundus A.M.Alabdulla ⁽¹⁾   

(1). Field Crops Dept. College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq.

 (*corresponding author: Sundus.J. Mohammed  E- Mail : noorzhra40@gmail.com)

       Received: 24/09/2022              Accepted: 24/11/2022

Abstract: 

A field experiment was carried out at Al-Hartha Research Station, is one Agricultural / College of Agriculture/ University of Basrah during the winter season 2021-2022 ,to determine the effect of mineral fertilization (0 , 50% from fertilizer recommendation and 100% from fertilizer recommendation 180 N + 100 P + 120 K kg ha^-1), spraying with extracts of Licorice and moringa leaves (0 , spraying with a concentration of 50% and 100% Licorice extract , spraying with a concentration of 50% and 100% Moringa leaf extract) on yield and quality of  Wheat of variety Bhooth -22. The experiment was factorial in R.C.B.D design with three replicate .The results showed that adding 100%  of recommendation fertilizer led to an increase in the yield .The percent of increasing in grain yield , protein and wet gluten percentage in grains compared to the control was 20.81, 15.35 and 10.79% respectively. Spraying with 100% Licorice extract  gave the highest averages for all traits,  The percent of increasing in grain yield , protein and wet gluten percentage in grains compared to the control was 24.81, 15.84 and 9.79% respectively .The interaction of fertilizer recommendation 100% and spraying with 100% concentration of licorice extract achieved the highest averages, the percent of increasing in grain yield was  39.75%, grain protein 104.76% and wet gluten 30.68% compared to the interaction treatment of  control for both factors.

Key words: Wheat, Liquorice, Moringa, Yield,Gluten.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Mohamed Abd EL–Aziz⁽¹⁾ , Wassem  Adla ⁽²⁾  and Zacaria Alahmad^(1)*

(1). Agric.F.zc. Tishreen Univ .Lattakia, Syria

(2). Doctor of Nutrition and Soil Fertility, Al-Ghab Research Center, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Syria.

 (* Corresponding author: Zacaria Alahamd. E-Mail: z.alahmad89@gmail.com).

Received: 10/08/2022              Accepted: 1/12/2022

Abstract: 

Field experiment was carried out during 2018 at Al-Ghab, Sarmiyah village, to study the effect of potassium fertilization rates (0, 70, 110,and 150) k.g/ha and  Methods of adding yeast (without adding, wrapping seeds, spraying on plants, and adding with irrigation water)and  the interaction between some physiological and chemical indicators, like (Number of leaves, leaf weight, leaf area, protein percentage, oil percentage(, The experiment was designed by split block design, with three replications, result showed that adding. Potassium fertilization and yeast methods led to a significant increment in the pervious traits compared with the control (without adding any treatment). The largest values for the number of leaves and leaf weight were found at the interaction between potassium fertilization rate 110 kg (K₂O) hectare and adding bread yeast by spraying on the plant by 85 than the control,  while the interaction between potassium rate 150 kg (K₂O) / hectare and the spray method achieved ahigher surface area average compared with the control by 3945 cm² , which indicates the importance of the interaction between these two factors. The addition of potassium fertilization at the rate of 150 kg (K₂O)/ha gave the highest percentage of oil in the seeds 51.95%, while the highest percentage of protein in the seeds was 31.65% at the rate of 70 kg (K₂O)/ha, while the method of adding baking yeast by spraying with irrigation water gave the highest values. in the percentage of oil in the seeds, while the combined reaction between the rate of 150 kg (K₂O) / ha with the method of adding baking yeast with irrigation water gave higher values in the percentage of oil in the seeds 53.82%.

Key words:  Peanuts, potassium fertilization, bread yeast, number and weight of leaves, leaf aria, oil, protein

Full paper in Arabic:  pdf

Reham Nbeaa⁽¹⁾*, Bassam Abo-Trabi ⁽¹⁾ and Ehab Ahmad ⁽²⁾

(1). Horticultural science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria.

(2). Agricultural Research Center of Latakia, General Commission for Scientific

Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria.

 (* Corresponding author: Reham Nbeaa. E-Mail:rehamnbeaa@gmail.com).

Received: 13/02/2022              Accepted: 09/06/2022

Abstract: 

This study was carried out at Agricultural Research Center of Lattakia, Boka, which belongs to General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research by employing six hybrids of okra produced by a four-diallel crossing scheme in a randomized complete blocks design with three replications, to estimate the effect of heterosis and inbreeding depression for number of days to first flowering, number of days to 50% of flowering, number of the first flowering node, number of the first fruiting node, number of branches\plant, number of nodes, fruit length (cm) and fruit diameter (cm). The results showed that Hybrids Red Lathkani × New Lathkani, Istanboli ×New Lathkani and Red Lathani × Old Lathkani had significant and high significant mid-parent hetersis for number of days to first flowering, and Istanboli × New Lathkani and Red Lathkani × New Lathkani had significant and high significant best parent hetersis for fruit length. Also, the low occurrence of inbreeding depression  for the number of branches/plant  or its non-occurrence at all in other traits may be due to the influence of these traits by the addition gene action.

Key words: Okra, Heterosis, Inbreeding depression, half-Diallel crossing, earliness.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Ahmed Malek ^*(1) , Mohamad Al-Husaini, ⁽¹⁾, Shams aldeen Al-Muntaser ⁽²⁾

(1). Central Highlands Research station, Agricultural Research and Extension Authority, Dhamar, Republic of Yemen.

(2). Genetic Resource Center, Agricultural Research and Extension Authority, Dhamar, Republic of Yemen.

(*Corresponding author: Malek, A. A; E-Mail: ahmedhabeb1966@gmial.com).

Received: 24/06/2022                     Accepted: 22/02/2023

Abstract: 

The study was carried out in nine different locations during the summer season (July) 2020 AD, in the Central Highlands Region, Dhamar Governorate – Republic of Yemen. The work was concentrated in three districts, which are Mayfa’a Ans, Otma and Al-Hadda. In each district, three locations were chosen for the purpose of evaluating and studying the phenotypic and productive characteristics of five varieties of wheat (3 local cultivars of dicoccum wheat called Arabi, Boni and Missani, and two improved cultivars belonging to bread wheat called Bohoth-3 and Bohoth-37). Each cultivar was planted with an area of ​​150 m2 in each site and was relied on 20 descriptive and quantitative traits. The results showed that the cultivars were divided into two groups, the first for the local cultivars (Landraces), where the kinship relationship between the Maysani cultivar on the one hand, and the two cultivars Boni and Arabi on the other hand, reached 85%, and this shows the genetic divergence between them, while the most closeness between the two cultivars Boni and Arabi reached 93%. The second group included the two improved cultivars Bohoth-3 and Bohoth-37, and the degree of kinship between them was 78.2%, indicating the genetic divergence between them. The study recommended confirming the results by expanding the study on a wide range of varieties in parallel with the molecular study of the same target samples.

Key words: phenotypic characteristics, cluster analysis, genetic kinship and divergence

Full paper in Arabic: pdf