Majd Darwish * ⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Majd Darwish. E-Mail: majds26@yahoo.com).

Received: 10/07/2022         Accepted: 3/11/2022

Abstract: 

The experiment was carried out at Salhab regions in Hama governorate, according to the randomized complete block design (RCBD), with three replicates during the agricultural season (2021/2022). The aim of this research was to study the effect of fertilizing with different levels (0, 75, 150, 225 and 300 kg/ha) for each of phosphorous P₂O₅ and potassium K₂O on the growth, development and productivity of the broad bean Witty cultivar, by measuring a range of morphological and morphysiological indicators (plant height, plant leaf area, leaf area index, total chlorophyll content and photosynthesis rate), and yield (pods formation %, number of pods/plant, number of seeds/pod and seed yield (ton/ha)) and seed protein content (%). The results showed a significant difference in the response of the growth and productivity characteristics of bean cultivar plants to the levels of fertilization used. Phosphate fertilization plants at levels 75-225 kg/ha and potassium 150 kg/ha were significantly superior, either alone or together, as the compared of the other treatments in all the studied characteristics and traits. The highest seed yield of 3.56 tons/ha was recorded at the level of 150 kg/ha for both P₂O₅ and K₂O, while the high levels of phosphate and potassium fertilization (300 kg/ha) did not have any noticeable positive effects on plant growth, development and seed yield. Thus, we suggest using the phosphate fertilization rate of 75-225 kg/ha and potassium 150 kg/ha in the conditions of the cultivation area or in other areas with similar environmental conditions.

Keywords: Faba bean, Phosphate and potassium fertilization, Yield.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Muhammad Nael Khattab⁽¹⁾ and Maya Ghorra^(2(*

.(1). Department of Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Maya Ghorra:E-Mail: mayanabilgherra@gmail.com).

Received:20/09/2022          Accepted:6/11/2022

Abstract: 

The research was carried out in the Damsarkho area of ​​Lattakia governorate during the agricultural season 2022-2023, according to the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) and with three replications, for five genotypes of sweet corn (Dina, Golden Sweet, Mardikh, Al-Baladi, Novo) obtained from some companies Agriculture in Lattakia, by studying some characteristics (number of days to maturity, plant height (cm), crab height (cm), number of leaves, area of ​​plant leaves (cm2), average length of crab / cm, average diameter of crab / cm, average weight of crab (g), average grain weight (g), average sugar content (%)). In order to study the phenological, morphological, physiological, productivity and quality characteristics of some genotypes of sugar corn, using some statistical and genetic indicators of the studied traits to select the best ones and use them in subsequent breeding programs. The Mardikh cultivar was distinguished as the first seed (87.5) days, and the grain weight was in cornflowers (50 g), and the Novo cultivar had a plant height (170.45 cm). And the Golden Sweet model has two sizes of cob height (44.21 cm), diameter of cob (4.79 cm). The Dina model was also distinguished by the characteristics of the number of leaves (14.45 cm), the area of ​​​​the leaves of one plant (7827.83 cm 2), the length of the eagle (18.21 cm), and the weight of the eagle (92.65 cm). The degree of heritability was high in all the studied traits, ranging from (0.65-0.96), and with genetic progression, it ranged between weak and acceptable, according to the traits. We recommend the use of the two genotypes of sugar corn, Dina and Mardikh, for cultivation in the coastal area and for use as a raw material for subsequent breeding work, due to their superiority in many characteristics, including early maturity, productivity and quality. The cluster analysis also indicated the presence of genetic diversity among the studied phenotypes, which is necessary for any subsequent educational process, especially the use of genes belonging to different groups for crossbreeding in order to obtain the maximum strength of the hybrid.

Key words: sugar corn, degree of heritability, genetic progression, genetic and phenotypic variance.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Jamal Saeed Deryag  ⁽¹⁾ and Fathallah Mohammed El-Madani ⁽¹⁾ *

(1). Dept of soil and water Faculty of Agric, Omer El-Mukhtar University, Libya.^.

 (*Corresponding author: Fathallah El-Madani.:E-Mail: ftallhl202078@gmail.com).

Received:19/07/2023          Accepted:02/09/2023

Abstract: 

  A pot experiment was conducted at the Soil and Water Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Omar El-Mukhtar University, El-Baida, Libya to investigate the impact of biochar of different sizes (0.0, 7.20, 21.87, 36.45 g/7 kg soil, equivalent to 0.0, 5.0, 15.0, and 25.0 ton/ha) as an organic soil amendment on the growth and productivity of Triticum durum L. The results showed a significant improvement in vegetative growth and productivity of wheat plants grown in sandy soil treated with biochar compared to the control treatment, with an increase in the measured parameters.

Keywords: Biochar, particle size, sandy soil, wheat.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Muhammad Abdul Aziz⁽¹⁾, Hussam Eddin Khalasi⁽¹⁾, and Ghadeer Al-Houshi ^*(1)

(1). Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Latakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Ghadeer Al-Houshi, E-mail: ghadeerrafikalhoushi@gmail.com)

Received: 26/10/2022         Accepted: 29/11/2022

Abstract: 

A field experiment was conducted in the village of Jaiboul in the countryside of Jableh during the agricultural season 2021/2022, to study the effect of adding nitrogen fertilizer (urea 46%) at a rate of 0, 100 and 200 kg/ha, and potassium sulfate fertilizer at a rate of 0 and 100 kg/ha, and the interaction between them in some Chemical characteristics of the Rocket plant “local” variety, the experiment was designed as a factorial experiment carried out in a randomized complete block design with three replications, and the comparison between the means was done using the least significant difference test L.S.D at the level of significance of 5%. The results showed that there was a significant effect of nitrogen fertilization in all studied traits, and the average of 200 kg/ha achieved the highest rates in the total carbohydrate content of leaves (7.00%), the oil content in the seeds (29.72%), and the protein content in the leaves (5.24%). And the content of phenols in the leaves (11.12 mg/g fresh weight).The results also showed a significant effect of potassium sulfate fertilization in all studied characteristics, adding 100 kg/ha led to a significant increase in the total carbohydrate content of leaves (5.96%), oil content in seeds (27.02%), and protein content in leaves ( 4.26%), and the content of phenols in the leaves (9.66 mg/g fresh weight). The interaction between nitrogen and potassium fertilization had a significant effect on all studied characteristics, as the interaction 200 kg/ha urea and 100 kg/ha potassium sulfate achieved the largest rates in all studied characters.

Key words: Rocket, fertilization, nitrogen, potassium, chemical.

Full paper in Arabic:  pdf

Ola Moustafa* ⁽¹⁾, Safaa Rahmon ⁽¹⁾ and Houssen Mahasne ⁽²⁾

(1). Directorate of  Field, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Damascus, Syria.

(2). Field Crops Dept, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Damascus,Syria

(*Corresponding author: Ola Moustafa  . E-Mail dr.olamoystafa@yahoo.com.).

Received: 18/05/2022         Accepted: 25/10/2022

Abstract: 

This study was conducted to assess the most important drought tolerance selection indices in Chickpea: Drought resistance index (DTI), Golden mean (GM), Harmonic mean of yield (HM), Mean productivity (MP), Relative drought index (RDI), Sensitivity drought index (SDI), Stress susceptibility index (SSI), Stress Susceptibility percentage index (SSPI), Stress tolerance index (STI), Stress tolerance (TOL), Yield Index (YI), Yield Stability Index (YSI) n order to screen drought-tolerant Chickpea genotypes.The trials were conducted at the Qarhata Research Station of the General commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR) during the agricultural season 2017/2018 to evaluate the response of 12 genotypes of chickpea to water stress, the experiment was laid out according to randomized complete block design with three replications. Results showed that drought indices (DTE, GMP,RDI) had the highest significant positive correlation with seed yield under stressed condition, and both (SSI, and SDI( could be applied for screening of chickpea genotypes for drought stress tolerance. The genotypes FLIP 05-044 and Ghab5 were the best drought tolerant, so they are recommended to enter in breeding programs for drought tolerance The genotypes FLIP 05-044 Can be tested in advanced tests for variety utilization.

Keywords: chickpea, drought indices, correlations analysis, seed yield.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Ziad Sarhil^*(1)

(1) . Directorate of Agriculture and Agrarian Reform, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding Author:M. Ziad Sarhil, E-mail: sarhilziadof@yahoo.com).

Received: 18/08/2022                 Accepted: 26/10/2022

Abstract

The main objective of the research is to descriptive economic analysis of the costs and revenues of Basma tobacco production in Lattakia Governorate, in addition to studying and analyzing the economic indicators related to the economic efficiency of the agricultural season (2021-2022). Calculating its volume according to the Stephen – Thompson equation, where the initial field data were collected through a personal interview with farmers based on a form specially prepared for the purpose of the research. As a result of the study, the average annual net profit achieved from the dunum planted with fingerprints amounted to 796853 SP/dunam/year, while the profitability factor in relation to the invested capital amounted to 52.4%, and in comparison to production costs 69.5%, and it is considered a very good indicator in the field of agricultural investment, as The profitability rate is equivalent to about 69 Syrian pounds for every 100 Syrian pounds invested annually, and the turnover rate of variable assets is 2.2, which is evidence of the efficiency of investing available resources, and increasing productivity. The results also showed that the economic efficiency index amounted to 1.69, which is greater than the correct one. , which indicates the efficient and optimal utilization of fixed and variable capital, and the feasibility of Basma tobacco production in Lattakia Governorate. The research concluded that there is a need to increase interest in the cultivation of biomass tobacco while encouraging and motivating farmers to increase the areas planted with this crop, given the economic savings it achieves for rural families, diversifying sources of income, and improving their standard of living.

Key words: Tobacco, production costs, economic efficiency, profitability coefficient, capital payback period.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Omeima Khalid^(1)*, Taha Mohamed⁽¹⁾and Saifeldin Ibrahim⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development, College of Agricultural Studies, Sudan University of science and Technology; Khartoum North; Sudan.

(*Corresponding Author: Dr. Omeima Khalid, E-mail: omeimaKhalid@gmail.com,).

Received:3/04/2023                  Accepted:23/10/2023

Abstract: 

The research aimed to know the use of mobile phones by extension workers in conveying information to farmers in Khartoum State, by identifying some functional characteristics and measuring the use of mobile phones by agricultural extension workers in the process of disseminating agricultural information. To achieve the previous objectives, the research relied on the descriptive analytical method. A comprehensive survey was conducted of all agricultural extension workers, numbering (49) extension workers. The primary data collection was based on a questionnaire sheet, interviews and observation. As for secondary data, it came from references, reports, previous studies and the Internet. The data was entered into the computer and analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) program in order to reach the frequency distribution and percentages of the data, and use the Chi-square test and correlation to test the relationship between the research variables. The research reached many results, including: 75.5% of the respondents specialized in agricultural extension and rural development, 40.8% of the respondents sometimes use mobile phones, and 65.4% of the extension workers deliver information about technologies using phone calls and text messages. There is no significant relationship statistics between the specialization of extension workers and the reasons for using the mobile phone, and the absence of a moral relationship with statistical significance between the reasons for using the mobile phone and the information that was sent to farmers to learn about them via the mobile phone. The research came out with the following recommendations: The Technology and Extension Organization should provide training courses related to the use of mobile phones for extension workers and farmers. Extensors should strive to develop themselves in making optimal use of the mobile phone to contact farmers on a permanent and ongoing basis in order to provide information about technologies and address the problems they face.

Key word: Agricultural Extension, Agricultural Extension Worker, Information Communication Technologies.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Ismail Imran ^(1)*

(1). Agricultural Economics, Directorate of Agriculture and Agrarian Reform, Lattakia, Ministry of Agriculture and Agrarian Reform, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Eng: Ismail Mohamad Omran E.mail: Ismail.omran86@gmail.com)

Received:25/06/2022          Accepted: 13/11/2022

Abstract: 

The research aims to study the comparative advantage and the impact of government support provided to the citrus crop in the Syrian coast using the Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM), in order to evaluate the subsidy policies used, and to choose the most appropriate policy to support the crop, and to achieve the previous goals, the study relied on secondary data for 2018, issued by the Ministry of Agriculture and Reform The descriptive analytical approach was used to present the policies to support the citrus crop, and to introduce the Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM), in terms of its construction mechanism, and ways to use it in analyzing and evaluating policies. The results of the research showed that the citrus production system in the Syrian coast is competitive, and is characterized by a comparative advantage, in addition to the lack of support for citrus prices, meaning that there is a tax charged on the agricultural product, and thus citrus growers get a lower profit, and the local prices of inputs are lower than the prices This means that citrus producers obtain financial subsidies by purchasing production inputs at a lower price if their trade were free. However, the real percentage of government support for the agricultural product is very low, due to the low value of the producers’ support factor.                                             

Key words: citrus yield, agricultural support, agricultural policies, production costs, comparative advantage.

Full paper in Arabic:  pdf

Abdel Nasser Al-Omar ^(1)*,  YassinAL Mohsen, ⁽²⁾, Zuhair Salam ⁽¹⁾, Hussein Al-Sulaiman ⁽³⁾, Nabil Al-Hallaq ⁽³⁾ and Mazen Dib⁽³⁾

(1). Animal Health Research Department. Hama Research Center, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research. Syria.

(2).  Animal Disease Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Hama, Hama, Syria.

(3). Ministry of Agriculture and Agro Reform , Directorate of Animal Health, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Abdel Nasser Al-Omar . E-Mail: abdnaser64@gmail.com).

Received:17/10/2022          Accepted: 27/10/2022

Abstract: 

The study was carried out on female Awassi sheep, aged 1-2 years, in (56) herds belonging to breeders in the governorates of  Damascus countryside and Hama (Syria) during the period 2018-2020 in order to conduct serological surveys about  the spread of some diseases in order to confirm or deny infection. Serological tests were conducted on (1531) blood samples to detect Toxoplasma gondii, chlamydia and  brucellosis in the laboratories of the Animal Health Directorate in Damascus. ELISA, and statistical analysis was conducted through the test of variance and the Chi-square test using the (SAS, 2002) program. (1487) blood samples were tested for the detection of blood parasites (theileria, Babesia and  Anaplasma) by means of a blood smear stained with Giemsa stain and examined under a microscope, and the results were recorded properly. The results showed the presence of infection with T. gondii infection in Awassi sheep, and the average prevalence rate was 14.82% (227/1531) in the governorates of rural Damascus and Hama, and the prevalence of positive samples was (12.20% (160/1311) in the herds of Hama Governorate, while the percentage was ( 30.45% (67/220) in the herds of rural Damascus countryside, the prevalence of chlamydophilia abortus (0.58%), and its rate in Hama governorate was (0.68%), while it was absent in rural Damascus (0%), and the average prevalence of brucellosis was (1.24%) and that the prevalence rate in Damascus Suburbs Governorate was lower (0.90%) than its prevalence in Hama Governorate (1.29%). The total prevalence of blood parasites (Thaleria, Anaplasma, Babesia) was 5.96% in rural Damascus Suburbs and 11.34% in Hama. The analysis of variance showed significant differences (P<0.05) between the tested herds in the two governorates, and these differences in the infection rate were attributed to Differences in management and breeding systems. The total prevalence of blood parasites (Thaleria, Anaplasm, Babesia) reached 5.96% in rural Damascus Suburbs and 11.34% in Hama. The general cases of mixed infection with bacteria and blood parasites together amounted to 0.78% (12/1531) of the total sheep tested, which means the need to continue good health management of sheep herds and take biosecurity measures and health and veterinary care.

Key words: serological studies, prevalence, Awassi sheep, Syria.

Full paper in Arabic:  pdf

Nebras Kadhim Abbas ⁽¹⁾ and Nihad Abdul-Lateef Ali^*(1)

(1).  Department of Animal Production, College of Agriculture University of Al-Qasim, Green, Iraq.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Nihad Ali. E-Mail: dr.nihad@agre.uoqasim.edu.iq).

Received:12/06/2023          Accepted: 25/07/2023

Abstract: 

  This experiment was conducted from 19/3/2022 to 2/7/2022 in the poultry farm of the Department of Animal Production affiliated to the College of Agriculture / Al-Qasim Green University for a period of 16 weeks. In the experiment, 105 laying hens of the Lohmann brown type were used, at the age of 50 weeks, divided into four stages. Each stage of 4 weeks was randomly distributed to 5 experimental treatments for each treatment of 21 birds, and each treatment included three replicates per 7 birds, the groups were added to a basic diet in the following quantities (0-100-200-300-400) mg Proanthocyanidin / kg feed. The main results of the study are as follows: The third, fourth and fifth treatments recorded a significant decrease (P≤ 0.05) in the concentration of the enzyme Aspartate transaminase (AST) in the blood serum. As for the enzyme (ALT) Alanine Aminotransferase, the second, third, fourth and fifth treatments recorded a significant decrease (P≤ 0.05) compared to the first treatment. (The control. There was a significant improvement (p≤0.05) in the concentration of estrogen hormone (pg/ml) in blood serum in the third, fourth and fifth treatments at the fourth productive period, compared to the first treatment (control). The second, third, fourth and fifth treatments showed a significant decrease (p≤0.05) in the concentration of cholesterol, triglycerides and low-density lipoproteins in the egg yolk when stored for different periods compared to the first treatment, with a significant improvement (p≤0.05) in the level of high-density lipoproteins. Proanthocyanidin treatments recorded a significant (P≤ 0.05) improvement over the first treatment (control) in the concentration of glutathione (µmol/mol) and the concentration of catalase and superoxide dismutase (µmol/mol) in egg yolk when stored for three periods (0, 30, and 60) day, while a significant decrease (P≤ 0.05) was recorded in the concentration of Malondialdehyde in the egg yolk (µmol/mol) compared to the first treatment (control).                                                                

Keywords: Proanthocyanidin, physiological characteristics, oxidation indices of eggs.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf