Laila Alloush⁽¹⁾*, Sabah AL-Maghribi⁽¹⁾ and Basima Barhom⁽²⁾

(1). Plant Protection Department. Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattkia, Syria.

(2). Researcher. Plant Protection Department, Agricultural Scientific Research Center in Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Laila Alloush, E-Mail: engineerlaela@gmail.com).

Received:21/09/2022          Accepted: 16/01/2023

Abstract: 

This study aimed to evaluate the resistance of some cultivars of winter chickpea (Ghab1, Ghab2, Ghab3, Ghab4, Ghab5), and the spring (Al-Bayyadi and Al-Marrakchi) and inputs chickpea (FLIP03-118, FLIP03-142, FLIP05-44, FLIP95-67) to Infection with Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceris under field conditions in Al-Ghab in 2021 and 2022; According to two scales of degree of resistance (infection rate, disease severity DII%). The results showed that all cultivars and inputs were resistant to high resistance (according to the two scales) at the flowering period during the two years. The resistance decreased at the maturity period, all inputs were medium resistance in 2021, and ranged between resistance to high resistance in 2022. AL-Bayyadi and AL-Marrakchi were sensitive to medium sensitivity in 2021 and resistant in 2022 (according to the two scales). Ghab1, Ghab2, and Ghab3 were sensitive to medium sensitivity, while Ghab4 and Ghab5 were medium resistance in 2021. Ghab2 remained resistant to high resistance while Ghab1 and Ghab3 were medium resistance, Ghab4 and Ghab5 were resistant in 2022, according to the two scales. FLIP03-118, FLIP03-142, FLIP05-44, Ghab4, Ghab5 and Al-Bayyadh gave high productivity during the planting seasons 2021 and 2022.

Keywords: Chickpea, Fusarium wilt, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris, resistance, cultivars, AL-Ghab.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Kamel Khalil * ⁽¹⁾ Maher Dais ⁽²⁾ and Basel Fares ⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Environmental Prevention, Higher Institute for Environmental Research, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(2). General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Syria .

(*Corresponding author: Dr. kamel Khalil, Email: d.kamelkhalil@tishreen.edu.sy).

Received:7/01/2023            Accepted: 15/02/2023

Abstract: 

This study aimed to estimate the concentration of heavy metals: lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) in the surface soils (0-20 cm). For nine sites from (St1) to (St9) in Baniyas. The results showed that the order of elemental concentrations (general average) in ppm was as follows: [Fe (3479.66) > Mn (577.06) > Zn (69.32) > Pb (30.69) > Ni (28.20) > Cu (25.49) > Cd. (0.55)]. And that the concentrations of (Pb, Cd, and Mn) exceeded the normal values (27-0.4-488 ppm), respectively. Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) were used to identify sources (natural or anthropogenic) contributing to the contamination of the studied area with heavy metals. The results showed that the sources of )Pb, Cd, Ni) are industrial constructions and transportation while the elements (Zn, Cu, Mn, Fe) are associated with agricultural areas and light traffic in general. The results also showed the importance of the role of pH and organic matter (OM) in explaining the presence and concentration of heavy metals.

Key words: Soil pollution – Heavy metals – Principal Component Analysis (PCA) – Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) – Baniyas city.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Lubna AL­-Bashi *⁽¹⁾, Tamim AL-Assi, Saleh AL-Moustafa⁽¹⁾, and Abdulmnem AL- hamid⁽¹⁾

(1). Der- ALzoor, GCSAR, Syria.  

(*Corresponding author: Lubna AL­-Bashi, E-Mail lubnabashshe@ gmail.com).

Received:24/10/2022          Accepted: 20/01/2023

Abstract: 

This experiment was carried out in Deir Ezzor Syrian city – Seaalo Research Station – The General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research(GCSAR) to determine the influence on some soil characteristics and yield of triticale crop Tertiary upon irrigation with different salinity irrigation water.  Randomized-complete- block design consisting of three treatments and three replicates (fresh, salt, alternate) over cropping season(2018-2019). The results showed a significant decrease in yield with increasing the salinity of irrigation water where the biological yield (13.26,11.59, 11.29) tons/hectare respectively, and the grain yield (4.17, 3.48, 3.17) tons/hectare respectively. Irrigation with fresh water( I1)  (Ec=1.12 dS/m) leached a part of salt from the soil profile which (Ec) of 1:5 soil extraction reaches to Ec=0.47 dS/m, Salts accumulation in the soil was greater for the high salinity irrigating water treatment ( I₂) (Ec=19.61 dS/m) which increased the  (Ec) of soil extraction  1:5  to 8.05 dS/m, while a small amount of salt accumulation in the soil upon alternate irrigation ( I₃) (Ec= dS/m) which increased the  (Ec) of  soil extraction 5:1  of the soil to 2.15 dS/m.

Keywords: alternating irrigation, salt water, triticale, biological yield, grain yield, Ec .

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Jamil Abbas  ⁽¹⁾, Kamel Khalil* ⁽²⁾ and Lubna Badour ⁽²⁾

(1).Soil and Water Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(2).Department of Environmental Prevention, Higher Institute for Environmental Research, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. kamel Khalil, Email: d.kamelkhalil@tishreen.edu.sy).

Received:28/09/2022          Accepted: 2/02/2023

Abstract: 

The Slunfeh Basin is one of the most important sub-basins of the Coast Basin due to its economic, tourism and environmental importance. This research was conducted in the Slunfeh Basin during the period 2018-2020. The results showed that the hydrographic network was distinguished by its large ramifications, which divided the basin into two streams, each of them from the fourth order to the Al Kabeer Al Shamali River. Annual and monthly precipitation (P) fluctuated from year to year and (P) increased with height at a rate of 0.55 mm/m. The results also showed that the surface runoff (Q) is proportional to (P), so that the (Q) ratio was about 30% of the (P). The real evapotranspiration (ETR) changed from year to year and from month to month and was closely related to (P) and temperature, so that the (ETR) ratio amounted to 43.5% of (P) and there is a decrease in the value of (ETR) coefficient with the Height at 0.05. The average annual storage (R) ratio was 26.5% of (P), as the average value for 24 hydrological years for the total (R) is 363.02 mm. The results of this study contribute to the preparation of dams to store water to form lakes (water harvesting) that contribute to the development of natural resources in general and eco-tourism in particular, which contributes to the economic and social development of the studied basin area.

Keywords: Slanfeh basin, Precipitation (P), Run-off (Q), Evaptranspiration real (ETR), Storage (R), Water Harvesting.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Ammar Abbas⁽¹⁾, Ghonwa Khaddour⁽¹⁾, Ammar Askariam⁽¹⁾ and Nisrin deeb.⁽¹⁾

(1) .GCSAR. Center of Latakia, Stria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Ammar Abbas, Email: ammarabbas1984@hotmail.com ).

Received:16/11/2022                    Accepted: 11/01/2023

Abstract: 

The research was conducted based on the daily climatic data for Al-Basel Airport Station in Lattakia province during the period 2000-2016.incauding (maximum and minimum temperatures, average relative humidity, wind speed, solar radiation, and evaporation values ​​from Class A pan) in order to calculate the values ​​of reference evapotranspiration ET₀ using ET₀ Calculator Model based on the modified Penman-Monteith equation (FAO n65) and comparison between the model values ​​and the field-based calculation methods (evaporation from Class A pan) and empirical equations (Hargreaves and Evanov equations). The results indicated the accuracy of the ET₀ Calculator model, where the correlation coefficient between the model values ​​and the Pan method evaporation values ​​was (0.99), and the correlation coefficient between the model values ​​and the experimental equations values ​​was (0.6).

Key words: Evapotranspiration, Evaporation pan, Model, Correlation Coefficient ET₀ Calculator

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Hala Mohammad ^(1)* and Yasser Hammad ⁽¹⁽

 .(1)Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(2). Department of Soil and Water Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Latakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Hala Muhammad, Email: halamohammad445@gmail.com)

Received: 24/10/2022         Accepted: 5/02/2023

Abstract: 

A field experiment was carried out in the nursery of Tishreen University, Lattakia – during the agricultural season 2021 to study three types of bacterial fertilizers (M1; M2; M3) on the growth and productivity of the Coriandrum sativum L. plant. The experiment was carried out using a completely random method, after soaking the fruits with bacterial fertilizer according to the studied treatments for three hours, and after drying them, the cultivation process took place. The results showed the superiority of all bacterial fertilizers (M1, M2, M3) compared to the control M0 in studied characteristics, and the M3 treatment achieved a significant superiority and gave the highe value In (plant height – number of leaves – number of branches – number of inflorescences – weight of fruits – percentage of essential oil – weight of 1000 seeds – productivity per hectare).

Keywords: Coriandrum sativum L., biofertilizer, bacteria, morphological and productive characteristics

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

 Majd Darwish*⁽¹⁾Nabil Habib⁽¹⁾ and Sandy Al-Sabga⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agricultural engineering, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Majd Darwish. E-Mail: majds26@yahoo.com).

Received:10/09/2022          Accepted:7/12/2022

Abstract: 

The research was carried at Baksa village in Sitmarkho-Lattakia governorate on the Syrian coast, during the agriculture season 2021 by the cultivation of soybean (Glycine max L.) seeds (Sb44) in experimental plots, according to the randomized complete block design (RCBD) and with three replicates. The objective of this research was to study of effect of foliar spraying treatments with organic fertilizer Magic Grow^® (MG) (0, 1, 5 and 10 g/L), and with organic fertilizer MELBOPHOS^® (MB) (Molybdenum, boron and phosphorus) (0, 0.5, 1 and 1.5 ml/L), and the combined effect of spraying with the organic fertilizers MG and MB together on some growth, productive and qualitative characteristics of the studied variety. So, the plant height (cm) and a number of indicators were measured: plant leaf area (cm²), leaf area index (LAI), crop growth rate (g/m²/day), leaf chlorophyll and carotenoids content (µg/g FW), number of pods (pod/plant), seeds weight (g/plant), 100 seeds weight (g/plant), productivity (kg/1000 m²), clearance ratio (%) and total seeds content of protein and soluble sugars (%). The MG spray treatments, especially at concentrations 5 and 10 g/L, and spraying with MB at concentrations 0.5 and 1 ml/L led to a significant increase (P<0.05) in most of growth and productive characteristics. Also, the combined effect of spraying treatments with both organic fertilizers (5 and 10 g/L) MG and (0.5 and 1 ml/L) MB showed a significant increase (P<0.05) in the growth and productivity of plant. Thus, it can be suggested to spray soybean (Sb44) with MG at 5-10 g/L and MB at 0.5-1 ml/L due to their observed role in improving the vegetative growth parameters and seed yield, hence the possibility of growing soybeans (Glycine max L.) in the coastal zone conditions.

Keywords: Organic Fertilizer, Soybean, Yield, Coastal Area Conditions.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Manal Othman^*(1), Fadi Abbas ⁽²⁾, Thamer Al-Henish ⁽¹⁾, Ahmad Al-Ali⁽³⁾, Gaidaa Alesha ⁽⁴⁾  and Hiba Shams Al-Deen ⁽²⁾

(1). Crops Research Administration, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural   Research (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria.

(2). Homs Agricultural Research Centre, GCSAR, Damascus, Syria.

(3). Hama Agricultural Research Centre, GCSAR, Damascus, Syria.

(4). AL-Ghab Agricultural Research Centre, GCSAR, Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Manal Othman, E-Mail: manalosman709@gmail.com)

Received: 1/11/2022                    Accepted: 8/02/ 2023

Abstract: 

Field experiment was carried out in three locations, (Agricultural Research Centers in Homs, Hama, and Al-Ghab), Syria, during tow growing seasons (2019/2020 and 2020/2021), in order to study the performance of six monogerm sugar beet varieties (Vico, Dita, Semper, SR305, Osma and Rosella) under three locations for yield and yield components along with technological traits. The experiment was laid out according to a randomized complete block design with three replicates at each location. The results of statistical analysis showed significant differences (P≤0.05) among all studied treatments and interactions among them for all investigated traits. The highest value of total soluble solids (TSS) percentage was attained by variety SR305 at Hama location in second season (23.50%). Meantime, Osma and Semper varieties achieved the highest value of sucrose percentage under Hama location conditions in second season (18.70, 18.30%) respectively. For purity percentage the highest value of purity percentage was produced by growing Semper variety at Hama location in second season (93.06%). Regarding root yield and extractable sugar yield the highest value of these traits was given by Semper variety at Homs location in second season (156.12, 23.97 ton/ ha) respectively. The obtained results also showed that growing seasons had a significant effect on all studied traits except for sucrose percentage, where second season surpassed the first one in purity percentage, root yield and extractable sugar yield recording (84.39 %, 106.32 and 15.43 ton/ ha) respectively. With respect to locations, Hama location recorded the highest value of root yield and extractable sugar yield (118.26, 16.92 ton/ ha) respectively compared to Homs and Al-Ghab locations, while no significant differences were found among locations with regard to quality traits. Also results indicated that varieties significantly differed in the studied traits except for TSS (%). Variety Semper performed best in relation to all studied traits and in all locations.

Keywords: Sugar beet, Locations, Varieties, Sucrose, Juice quality, Productivity.

Full paper in English: pdf

Mageda Alrwily^(1)*, Areej Alkheder⁽²⁾, Sameer AlAhmed⁽¹⁾, Muhammad Manhal Alzoebi⁽²⁾, Thamer Hnish⁽¹⁾, Samar Alali⁽¹⁾, Fadi Aji⁽¹⁾, Wael Mali⁽¹⁾

(1). General Commission For Scientific Agricultural Research-Crop Administration-Damascus-Syria

(2). General Commission For Scientific Agricultural Research-Resources Administration-Damascus-Syria

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Mageda Alrwily, Email: dr.mageda@gmail.com,)

Received:1/03/ 2023             Accepted:5/01/ 2023

Abstract: 

A field trial was conducted to investigate the effect of varieties, nitrogen fertilizers levels and their application dates on some morphophisiological and  Quantitative Traits  of corn (Zea mays L.) at Karahta Research Station, General Commission for scientific Agricultural Research, Damascus, Syria, During two consecutive growing seasons (2018,2019). The split- split plot arrangement in RCBD with three replications was used. The experiment included tow corn varieties (Gota₈₂ and salmia_-1) and four nitrogen fertilizer level ( 7, 13, 19, 25 kg N.ha^-1) and four application dates of fertilizer (half of recommended level was added at sowing and the other half after 30 days from sowing; half of recommended level was added at sowing and half after 50 days from sowing: half of recommended level was added after30 days from sowing and half after 50 days from sowing: a first third of recommended level was added at sowing  , second third after 30 days from sowing and the last third of recommended level was added after 50 days from sowing. And treatments (without fertilization). The nitrogen fertilizer levels and application dates and varieties were represented as main plot, sub plot and sub- sub plot respectively. The results indicated significantly superior treatment (13kg N. ha^-1) were the varieties gave the best number of leaves by 12 leave and thus increase the effective leaf area which reflected positively on the grain yield by rate 19% , The characteristic of plant still green at harvest by rate 63% .  

Key words: Maize, The nitrogen fertilizer levels, application dates nitrogen fertilizer, Grain yield.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Saleh Al-Moustafa^(1)*

(1). Agricultural Research Center, General Commission of  Scientific Agricultural Research, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Saleh Al-Moustafa, E-Mail: akdryd34@gmail.com)

Received:1/11/ 2022             Accepted:26/01/ 2023

Abstract: 

The field experiment was conducted at the Research Stations of Salo in Dier-Ezzor Agricultural Research Center, during the season of 2020/2021 to evaluate effect of different rates of organic manure on morphological and productivity Traits of durum wheat (Bohoth 9). The design of the experiments was Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The experiment included four levels of organic fertilizer (Zero:control, 20, 25 and 30 ton/hectar^-1). Results showed that the factor of study influenced significantly in all studied traits, the treatment 25 ton/hectar^-1 gave highest average in plant height (89 cm), Spike length (8.17 cm), Number of grains/spike (32),  weight of 1000 grain (50.33 g), grain yield (690 kg/donum), Biological yield (1563.67 kg/donum) and Harvest index (44.14 %).                                                                                                

Key words:  wheat, Ttriticum durum, organic fertilizer, grain yield.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf