Ammar Abbas.^(1)*

(1). General Commission for Scientific Agriculture Research (GCSAR). Center of Lattakia.

(*Corresponding author: ammarabbas1984@hotmail.com mob. 0991978115)

Received: 26/12/2022                              Accepted:25/01/2023

Abstract: 

This paper aims to study the most affecting climatic factors on the reference evapo-transpiration values ET₀ during the phenological stages of maize crop using ET₀calculator model, and the cultivar (Tango) was selected as one of the cultivars in the coastal region. The ET₀calculator model allows obtaining higher accuracy values of the reference evapotranspiration according to Benman-Monteith modified equation, which is based on inputs of the climatic factors: maximum, minimum, and average temperatures, relative humidity, wind speed, and solar  radiation.  Obtaining daily data for these climatic factors is not easy, so the most important climatic factors were identified in the reference evapo-transpiration calculation by focusing on the simple correlations between climatic factors and ET₀ values, and then multiple correlations were calculated between ET₀ values and the input factors. It was found that the highest values of the simple correlation were between the reference evapotranspiration and wind speed during the two phases of cone formation and maturity. The multiple correlations also gave several high values during the different phenological stages, especially with wind speed input which had the strongest effect on correlation values when it was entered in multiple correlations in all phenological stages.

Keywords: ET₀calculator – maize –Tango – climatic factors – multi-correlation.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Shafika Mkhies⁽¹⁾*, IssaKbibow⁽²⁾ , Nadim Khalil ⁽²⁾    and Mazen Ashram⁽¹⁾

(1). General Commission of Agricultural Scientific Research, Research Center of Latakia, Latakia, Syria.  

(2). Department of Water and Soil Science- Faculty of Agricultural Engineering- Tishreen University- Lattakia- Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Shafika Mkhies, Email: shafika.mkhies@tishreeen.edu.sy, Mobile: 0996718934)

Received:5/12/2022                   Accepted:10/3/2023

Abstract: 

The research was conducted at the Stekhers Research Station of the Agricultural Scientific Research Center in Lattakia in 2020, to study the effect of two types of nitrogen fertilizers (ammonium sulfate [(NH4)2SO4] 71.4 kg/d- potassium nitrate [KNO3] 107 kg/d) on growth and productivity parameters on the concentration of some nutrients for two types of Yellow maize cultivar Dina F1 (foreign) and Fayhaa cultivar (local) grown in calcareous soil in addition to the treatment of the control without adding nitrogen, at a rate of three replications for each treatment. The results also showed that the ammonium sulfate treatment increased the availability and absorption of some nutrients in corn plants through its effect on pH, and the two studied cultivars (Dina F1 and Fayhaa) are tolerant to high calcium carbonate levels. The treatment of cultivar Dina F1 with ammonium fertilization was superior to all treatments in all studied productive indicators: cob weight, cob length, number of grains per cob, and dry weight of 100 seeds.

Keywords: Zea Maize, Dina F1, Faihaa, nitrogen fertilizer, nutrient, Calcareous soil.                                               

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Deema Okdeh *⁽¹⁾ , Ibrahim Sakr⁽²⁾ and Tareq ARRAJ⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Environmental Chemistry, Higher Institute for Environmental Research, Tishreen University,  Lattakia, Syria

(2). Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University,  Lattakia,  Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Deema Okdeh. E-Mail: okdehdeema@gmail.com).

Received:10/12/2022                                       Accepted: 14/03/2023

Abstract: 

The objective of the research was to determine the concentration of the synthetic organophosphate Dichlorvos pesticide (DDVP) in the soils of the surrounding environment of Al-Sin Lake during the year 2020/2021. Soil samples were taken from several sites surrounding Al-Sin Lake. The study lasted for seven months. The soil texture and organic matter were determined seasonally, and the pH-moisture was measured. The pesticide analysis was measured using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results showed the presence of DDVP residues in the studied soil samples with average concentrations ranging between (4-121) mg.kg^-1.  Therefore, soil were contaminated by DDVP. The highest concentrations were in the north-east and west of the lake, this was due to the increase of greenhouses number, and the intensive use of  DDVP in these areas.

Keywords: Organophosphate pesticides, Dichlorvos, Al Sin spring basin, soil, HPLC.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Ahmed Al-Ali Al-Khalaf ^(1)*

(1). Raqqa Research Center, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Syria. Syria.
(*Corresponding author: Ahmed Al-Ali Al-Khalaf. E-Mail: dr.ahmadelkhalf@gmail.com, Tel:+963998017094).

Received:13/01/2022                                       Accepted: 23/03/2023

Abstract: 

The research was carried out at the Agricultural Scientific Research Center in Raqqa /Al-Sabkha City/ of the General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research during the season 2020/2021 to study the response of varieties of durum (Triticum  durum Desf) and bread (Trticum  aestivum L.) wheat to different treatments of organic and chemical fertilization using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with a split-plot design with three replications, where the first factor represents 4 fertilization treatments (100% organic, 100% chemical, 50% organic + 50% chemical, 75% organic + 25% chemical) and the second factor 4 wheat varieties: durum (Sham 9, Buhouth 11) and bread (Sham 10, Buhouth 8).  The following characteristics were studied: number of days from sowing to full maturity, number of grains/ main spike, weight of grain/spike (g), protein percentage, gluten percentage, and starch percentage.  The results showed the earliness of the cultivar Buhouth 8 with other treatments (50% organic + 50% chemical),  and the highest number of grains per spike and weight of grains per spike with an average of 155 days, 43.3 grains/spike  2.87 grams, respectively.  Sham9 cultivar with fertilization treatment (50% organic and 50% chemical) achieved the highest percentages of protein and gluten with an average of 16.5 and 32.8%, respectively.  The highest percentage of starch was recorded by fertilization treatment (75% organic + 25% chemical) with an average of 70.1%. The study suggests planting the wheat variety Buhouth 8 with the integrated use of mixed organic and chemical fertilizers mixed with 50%, which will significantly improve the weight of the grain/spike and the qualitative characteristics of wheat, reduce costs and preserve the environment.

Key words: Wheat, Organic Fertilization, Protein Percentage, Gluten Percentage, Starch Percentage.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Wafaa Suleiman Khedr^(1)*

(1). Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Baath University, Homs, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr.Wafaa Khedr, E-Mail:ghassankdr@gmail.com)

Received: 19/02/2023                          Accepted:12/03/2023

Abstract: 

The research was conducted during 2021season at a field in Talkalakh region in Western Area-Homs to investigate the effect of foliar spraying of different concentrations of bread yeast extract (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 g. l^-1)  on yield and its components of  two genotypes of maize( Bassel₁ and Bassel₂). Split-plot design with three replications was used. Results showed that Bassel₂ genotype surpassed on Bassel₁ in: ear length(16.47)cm, ear diameter(4.45)cm, number of rows per ear(14.37)rows, number of grains per row(28.04) grains, ear weight(90.48)g, grains weight per ear(75.81)g, weight 1000 grains(163.70)g, shelling percentage(83.74%) and grain yield(4120.85)kg/ha._. Spraying of yeast extract caused a significant increase in all studied parameters compared with control and 15g/l treatment exceeded in : ear length(16.47)cm, ear diameter(4.63)cm, number of rows per ear(12.57)rows, number of grains per row(28.72) grains, ear weight(88.20)g, grains weight per ear(74.13)g, weight 1000 grains(164.61)g, shelling percentage(83.94%) and grain yield(4181.17) kg/ha. The interaction between Bassel₂ genotype  and spraying15g. l^-1 of yeast extract gave the best results and highest grain yield(4318.17)kg/ha compared with other treatments.

Key words: Foliar spraying ,  maize, bread yeast , grain yield .

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Maya Ghorra^(1)*    and    Muhammad Nael Khattab ⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(* Corresponding author: Maya Ghorra, E-mail.: mayanabilgherra@gmail.com)

Received:  14/12/2022        Accepted: 28/02/2023

Abstract: 

The research was carried out in the Damsarkho region of Lattakia Governorate during the agricultural season 2022, according to the randomized complete block design (RCBD) and with three replications, for five genotypes of sugar corn (Dina, Golden Sweet, Mardikh, Baladi, Novo), which we obtained from some companies. agriculture in Latakia. With the aim of verifying the genetic potentialof these cultivars and the degree of their genetic divergence, and determining the appropriate selectoral indicators to be used in subsequent breeding programs to obtain high hybrid strength and improve the yield of sweet corn in quantity and quality. Significant differences were found for most of the studied traits, and the Mardikh genotype was the earliest to reach maturity (87.5 days), and the highest seed weight per plant among the studied genotypes (50 g). The Novo model had the highest stem height (170.45 cm), while the Golden Sweet model was distinguished by the ear height (44.21 cm), while the Dina genotype was distinguished by the number of leaves (59.91 leaves), the leaf area (7827.83 cm2), and the cob length (18.21 cm). ), and the cob weight was (92.65 g), and the Golden Sweet model was the largest in terms of cob diameter, reaching (4.79 cm), and the percentage of sugar was (13.38%) among the studied models. Productivity (grain weight per ear (g)) was positively and significantly associated with the characteristics of ear length/cm (r=0.521*), ear diameter/cm (r=0.521*), and number of grains per ear (r=0.582*). The aforementioned traits as selective indicators for increasing productivity. Cluster analysis indicated the existence of genetic diversity among the studied models, which is necessary for any subsequent breeding process, especially the use of genes belonging to different groups for crossbreeding in order to obtain the maximum strength of the hybrid. Therefore, we recommend the use of the two genotypes of sweet corn, Dina and Mardikh, in cultivation in the coastal region and to be used as a raw material for subsequent breeding work, due to their genetic divergence and their superiority in many characteristics, including early adoptability, productivity and quality.

Keywords: sorghum, degree of heritability, genetic progression, genetic and phenotypic variation.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Qamar Sufan*⁽¹⁾, Boulus Khoury⁽¹⁾ and Nizar Moalla⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agricultural engineering, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(* Corresponding author: Qamar Sufan, E-mail.: 123qamar456@gmail.com, Phone: 00963994870211)

Received:  22/12/2022        Accepted: 20/02/2023

Abstract: 

The experiment was carried out during the agricultural seasons 2021/2023 in a nursery at the Faculty of Agricultural engineering. Tishreen University- Lattakia- Syria. by the cultivation of three Tobacco genotypes {Prilep- Basma-  Shak Elbent}. Half diallel cross was made between different genotypes of tobacco. In The following season, an evaluation of the genotypes was performed. that were distributed according to the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replicates per treatment. To estimate the heterosis, general and specific combining ability, nature of gene action for: plant height, number of leaves, leaves length, leaves width, and length/ width ratio. The results show significant differences significantly for all traits, which refer to differ among the parents. The genetic analysis shows important both additive and dominant effects to heredity in all character studies. The variance ratio of GCA to SCA was more than one (1) for (plant height, leaf length, and leaf width), but this ratio appeared to be less than one for other studied traits (number of leaves and length/ width ratio). The (Basma and Shak Elbent) parents show high GCA for (plant height and leaf length) respectively, and the hybrid (Basma × Shak Elbent) shows the highest SCA of plant height and leaf length. The highest values for heterosis in this study it was for the height and leaves length to the cross (Basma × Shak Elbent) which is (2.486 and 2.356)% respectively.

Keywords: Genotypes, combining ability, heterosis, morphological characteristics, technological characteristics, tobacco, Nicotiana tabacum L.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Muhammad Nael Khattab ⁽¹⁾, Nizar Harba⁽¹⁾ and Orwa Suleiman^(1)*

(1). Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Orwa Suleiman,  Email: aboalabd876@gmail.com)

Received:23/11/2022    Accepted: 16/01/2023

Abstract: 

Five genotypes of sunflower were planted in Al-Ghab area during the seasons 2020-2022, namely (Strain 90 (A), Strain 19 (B), Strain 9 (C), Strain 54 (D), Baladi cultivar (E), according to complete reciprocal crossbreeding program with a randomized complete block design (RCBD) and with three replications. For the studied effect of general and specific abilities variance on the compatibility of parents and crosses, the inheritance and its narrow sense, the variance of general abilities to the variance of specific abilities, and the degree of dominance of the studied traits. The results showed that there was a highly significant variation for the parental cultivars and the variation of the general and specific abilities of the individual crosses, the mutual and the reverse resulting from them, for all the traits studied. The weight of the seeds plant, plant height cm, disc area, percentage of oil%, the amount of oil (g)/plant, the weight of 100 seeds) in the inheritance of the trait disk area, while low and medium values were shown for the degree of heritability in its narrow sense in most of the traits. The results also showed that there is a work of cytoplasmic inheritance in the inheritance of quantitative traits through differences in the performance of each of the cross and reverse crosses.

Keywords: sunflowers, variance of combining ability, Heritability, degree of dominance.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Sabah Saker^(1)*

^. (1). Faculty Of Science- Tartous University, Syria.

 (*Corresponding author: Dr. Sabah Saker  . E-Mail sabahsaker809@gmail.com).

Received:1/11/2022                          Accepted: 8/03/2023

Abstract: 

This research was carried on in Tartous City in 2022 season to study the effect of treating  Arachis hypogaea with dry yeast suspension in the concentration of (5,10)g/l by foliar spraying and watering. Plants were treating tow time , first 45 day after sowing, second after 60 day of sowing. Results showed significant increase in plant height which reached (34.27)cm in the treatment of 5g/l foliar spraying, the increase in treatment of watering 10 g/l wasn’t significant comparing with control, while higher value of secondary branches was (14.23) branch/ plant at treatment of watering 5g/l, whole treatments have significant increase comparing with control. All treatments have significant increase in leaf area except treatment of 5g/l foliar spraying comparing with control, higher value of leaf area was(750.11)cm² at treatment of watering 5g/l. Leaf area index increased significantly at all treatments compared with control, treatment of watering 5 g/l has higher value (6.25). Wet and dry weight of plant increased significantly at all treatments compared with control, except treatment of watering 5 g/l and treatment of 10 g/l foliar spraying, highest values were(601.44,228.5)g/plant consequently at   treatment of watering 10g/l.

Keywords: yeast . Arachis hypogaea. Foliar spray

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Zainab A. Abdel Razzaq^(1)*, Sundus A. Alabdulla⁽¹⁾ and Kareem H. Mohssen⁽¹⁾

(1). College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq.

(* Corresponding author: Zainab Razzaq, Email: zainab.ahmed@uobasrah.edu.iq)

Received:4/01/2023                              Accepted:20/02/2023

Abstract: 

A field experiment was carried out at the Al-Zubair region (20 km southwest of the center of Basra Governorate), during the winter season 2021-2022. to study the effect of planting dates and levels of nitrogen fertilizer on growth, yield, and quality of Indian mustard, There were three planting dates, 15th October, 1st November and 15th November and four nitrogen fertilizer levels (0, 80, 160 and 240 kg N/ ha ). The experiment was carried out using a Randomized Complete Block Design (R.C.B.D.) with three replicates, Planting dates significantly affected all characteristics, as the first date was superior in some growth characteristics, which was positively reflected in the yield and quality of seeds, as the highest average yield of individual plant and seed yield reached 47.19 gm/ plant and 4.93 tons/ ha. It also recorded the highest percentage of protein and oil reached to 21.59% and 39. 96% respectively. The fertilizer level of 240 kg N/ h was superior in recording the highest average number of days from planting up to 50% flowering, the individual plant yield and the seed yield reached 48.22 days, 38.11 gm, and 3.85 tons/ ha for the traits, respectively and the highest percentage of protein amounted to 21.83%, while the comparison treatment recorded the highest percentage of oil amounted to 39.02%. As for the effect of the interaction, the date October 15 with the fertilizer level of 240 kg N/ ha excelled in recording the highest average of plant yield and seed yield of 58.96 gm/ plant and 6.45 ton /ha, while the first date with the comparison treatment record  the highest percentage of oil reached to 40.70%, The interaction had no significant effect on the percentage of protein.

Key words: Mustard, nitrogen, planting, seed yield, oil percentage

Full paper in Arabic: pdf