Abdel Aleem Bello ⁽¹⁾ and Aline Batch^*(1)

(1) . Plant Biology Department, Faculty of Science, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria

(*Corresponding author: E-Mail: alinebatch@hotmail.com, Tel: 0944826295).

Received: 5/11/2022                        Accepted: 8/03/2023

Abstract: 

There are 13 species of Geranium L. that belong to the Geraniaceae family. The aim of this research is to classify the species of this genus that are distributed in the city of Aleppo. The study included 33 qualitative traits and 29 quantitative traits, the most important of which are the characteristics of flowers, fruits, mericarps, pollen grains and seeds. The numerical classification was studied using the hierarchical cluster analysis algorithm in SPSS version (23). Five species and one class have been classified, belonging to four Section and under two Genus (G. sect. Geranium and Tuberosa of subgen. Geranium; sect. Batrachioidea and Roberta of subgen. Robertium). Species differed in most of the quantitative traits with significant differences, such as the length of the mericarp (G. libanoticum 5 mm and G. molle 1.85), The dimensions of the elongated seeds of G. purpureum were (2.09×0.99) mm, while the seeds of semi-spherical shape of G. rotundifolium were of dimensions (1.82×1.59) mm. and the length of the beak (G. purpureum 2.03 cm and G. molle 0.69). The studied species had 4 patterns of dispersal with high taxonomic value, and a taxonomic key was established based on the qualitative traits being more stable and less affected by environmental conditions. A Dendrogram was created for the qualitative and quantitative traits together, which differed from the qualitative Dendro, showing the effect of the interaction between genes and the environment. In this study, the presence of G. libanoticum was confirmed in the Syrian flora, and G. purpureum, G. molle var. album were recorded for the first time in Aleppo.

Key words: Geranium, Geraniaceae, mericarp, pollen grains, seeds, numerical taxonomy, Aleppo city.

Full paper in Arabic:  pdf

Manal Ahmad ALkhalil* ⁽¹⁾

(1) . College of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, ALBaath University , Homs, Syria.

 (*Corresponding author: ManalALkhalil, Email: manal.khalil1233@gmail.com).

Received: 27/02/2023         Accepted: 9/05/2023

Abstract: 

The study aimed to determine the effect of adding Corn oil with two different concentrations (0.2 and 0.4)% on some chemical, microbial and sensory characteristics of laboratory-made Akkawi cheese. This research was conducted in the Department of Food Engineering–College of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering – ALBaath University, during April of  the year 2022. The Akkawi cheese was manufactured in the laboratory from pasteurized cow’s milk at a temperature of 63 °C for a period of 30 minutes by following the known traditional methods with the addition of Corn oil to the curd cheese after filtering and in proportions (0.2 and 0.4)% of the curd weight, Processed cheese samples were preserved at a temperature of 4 °C for a period of Six Months where microbial, chemical and sensory tests were conducted on the samples. it was found that addition of Corn oil to Akkawi cheese reduced the total number, Coliform, Salmonella, listeria and Staphylococcus aureus, compared with the control cheese sample, it is clear from the results obtained that the addition of Corn oil to the processed Akkawi cheese improved Some chemical, microbial and sensory properties compared with the control sample.

Keywords: Akkawi cheese, Corn oil, chemical Quality,Microbial quality, sensory quality.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Mahmoud AlHassn^(1)*, Suhil Ibrahim Basha⁽¹⁾ and Kaled Kayali⁽¹⁾

(1). Dept of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Mahmoud alhassan Email: yildizalrab@gmail.com)

Received: 5/02/2023                Accepted: 6/04/2023

Abstract: 

The nutritional quality of snacks made from grains and legumes can be improved by adding a mixture of them to obtain snacks with high nutritional value, this study was conducted in the period between of May and June of 2022 in the Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Aleppo University and Industrial City in Aleppo in order to prepare extruded snacks by means of a single-screw extruder using a mixture of yellow corn grits rich in starch, which has a primary role in the forming and extrusion process, and  Fortifying the product with   dietary fibers and proteins by adding different proportions of oatmeal and pea flour, where a fixed percentage) 5%( of pea flour was added to all transactions; And different proportions of maize grits and oatmeal, in addition to the control treatment containing only maize )100%( The snacks containing a higher percentage of oatmeal and a fixed percentage of pea flour had a higher nutritional value than the control treatment, and the extrusion technique reduced the moisture content in all treatments to more than half. The addition of oatmeal and pea flour had a significant effect on some physicochemical properties, because each of them contained a good proportion of dietary fiber and proteins, and the presence of dietary fiber contributed to an increase in the expansion rate; And a decrease in the bulk density of these treatments after the thermal extrusion process compared to the control treatment, and the expansion of the extruded materials is also improved in the presence of proteins and sugars.

Key words: Extrusion, Extruder, Snacks, Extruded Food, Oatmeal, corn grits, Bulk density, Expansion rate, Dietary fiber, Peas, Fortifying the product.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Omran Faour^(1)*  and Maher Oda Bashi⁽²⁾

 (1) Department of Animal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hama University, Hama, Syria.

(2) Department of Public Health and Prevention Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hama University, Hama, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Omran faour, Email: omran.faour@gmail.com ).

Received: 5/02/2023                Accepted: 6/04/2023

Abstract: 

This study aimed to determine the prevalence of contamination by Salmonella in Chicken meat in the markets of Homs city. The study was conducted on 200 samples of Chicken meat offered for sale in shops in the markets of Homs city, which were collected randomly from different parts of Chicken meat (breast – thigh – wing – liver) with equal numbers. The results of bacterial isolation and biochemical tests showed that 37 samples of Chicken meat out of 200 samples taken from the markets of Homs city were positive. The overall prevalence of contamination by Salmonella in chicken meat in Homs city was 18.5%. The highest prevalence of contamination by Salmonella was in the liver, reaching 32%, while the lowest prevalence of contamination by Salmonella was in the wing, where it amounted to 10%. These results are an indication of a risk on the health of consumers, as Salmonella is among the pathogens of foodborne diseases, which threat public health in community.

Key words: Chicken Meat, salmonella, Contamination, Homs city.

Full paper in Arabic:  pdf

Omar Sharbatgy^*(1), Adel Mehio ⁽¹⁾ and Mahmoud Abdel Karim ⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Food Science in Faculty of Agriculture ,Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria.

(*Corresponding author : omar sharbatgy, E-Mail: osharbatgy@gmail.com).

Received:19/02/2023            Accepted: 9/05/2023

Abstract: 

The study was conducted in the Department of Food Sciences in the Faculty of Agricultural Engineering at the University of Aleppo, where it aimed to study the chemical and physical composition of mortadella made from different mixtures of chopped and preserved rooster thigh meat, whether salted or unsalted. The results indicated that the mortadella made from fresh meat was the best in terms of chemical and physical properties, so it gave a yield of 136, while the mortadella made from salted minced meat and then frozen. The results of the chemical and physical analysis were close to the mortadella made from fresh meat. The obtained results showed that the use of unsalted frozen minced meat negatively affected the chemical and physical composition and led to a decrease in the percentage of fat, ash and NPN, and it also negatively affected the texture of the mortadella made from it. No clear significant differences were observed in the percentages of carbohydrates, ash and NPN

Keywords: Mortadella, Freezing, Salting, Mincing, Cutting Meat.

Full paper in Arabic:  pdf

Atia Arab⁽¹⁾, Faten Mraisha^(1)*, Mouhamad Matar⁽²⁾ and Ali Dibo⁽³⁾

(1). Scientific Agricultural Research Center in Lattakia, Syria.

(2). Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Syria.

(3). Faculty of Agriculture, Hamah University, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Faten Mraisha, E.ail mraishafaten@gmail.com  mob:0951740671)

Received: 8/11/2022           Accepted: 28/03/2023

Abstract: 

This research aimed to investigate the prevalence of olive fruit midge Prolasioptera berlesiana and its relation to both the olive fruit fly Bactrocera oleae (Gmel.) and the olive rot diseaseCamarosporium dalmaticum (Thüm.) and its population dynamics. Field survey was carried out on olive groves in Lattakia over the seasons 2015 and 2016. The results revealed presence of olive fruit midge correlated with the olive fly and olive rot disease on all survey sites. The highest percentage of fruits containing the predator was recorded in Qardaha22.5٪   while   it was 20٪   and 17.33٪  in Al-Haffah and Jableh respectively in 2016. In addition, the results showed that the olive fruit midge has three-generation compatible with the olive fruit fly generations, tow generations in the Sumer and  one in  the Fall.

Keywords: Olive fruit fly,Bactrocera oleae, infestation,  Prolassioptera berlesiana, , Camarosporium dalmaticum.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Dima Ali^(1)*, Moussah Alsamarah⁽¹⁾, Ahmad Ahmad⁽²⁾ and Bushra Rizk⁽²⁾

(1). Higher Institute for Environmental Research, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria

(2). Agricultural Scientific Research Center, Tartous, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dima Ali. E-Mail: dimaali473@gmail.com).

Received: 21/08/2022         Accepted: 29/03/2023

Abstract: 

Fusarium oxysporum. f. sp. lycopersici is an economically important disease of the tomato crop, causing economic losses in severe cases up to 80%. The study aimed to isolate Fusarium oxysporum. f. sp. Lycopersici (FOL) from tomato plants grown in greenhouses in Tartous countryside, that showed wilt disease symptoms, and assessment its pathogenicity on some growth parameters against three hybrids of tomato. the research was carried out at the Center for Agricultural Scientific Research in Tartous during 2020-2021 season. A total of twelve isolates were identified as Fusarium oxysporum on the basis of their morphological, Among these, seven isolates (F1, F2, F3. F4, F5, F6, & F7) were test its pathogenicity on three hybrids (Sidra, Magdalena, Dumna). The colony appearance of isolates on PDA as highly variable. Indeed, white and yellowish white colony colors, and the result of pathogenicity were showed that the F1 isolate was the most virulent in an average 70. 33% while the isolate F6, and F7 were less virulent in an average 32 and 34.7% respectively.In another hand, the hybrid Dumna was the most sensitive for all isolates compared to the Sidra and Magdulen, also the isolate F1 showed a significant negative effect in the hybrid Dumna on plant height, number of leaves, fresh and dry weight of shoot and root compared with control

Keywords: Tomato, F. oxysoprum f. sp. lycopersici, Isolate, Growth, Hybrids.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Abdel Aleem Bello ⁽¹⁾ and Aline Batch^*(1)

(1). Plant Biology Department, Faculty of Science, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Aline Batch,  E-Mail: alinebatch@hotmail.com, Tel: 0944826295)

Received:  29/09/2022        Accepted: 22/02/2023

Abstract: 

This study aimed to inventory and classify Erodium L’Herit species spread in Aleppo, and it relied on macro and micromorphological characteristics such as the general shape and characteristics of leaves, flowers, fruits, mericarps, seeds and pollen grains. The number of studied traits was 69, including 33 quantitative and 36 qualitative. Numerical cluster analysis was done using R software and K-means clustering algorithm. Seven species have been classified: E. cicutarium, E. acaule, E. moschatum, E. deserti, E. ciconium, E. malacoides, and E. subtrilobum, all of which belong to the subgenus. Barbata Boiss. The carpel foveoles were non-glandular in E. cicutarium and E. acaule, while it was clearly glandular in the other five species. The carpel foveoles were surrounded by furrows in all species except E. ciconium. The furrows were non-glandular in E. cicutarium, E. acaule and E. subtrilobum, and glandular in E. moschatum and E. deserti and E. malacoides. The study of pollen showed the similarity of the studied species in the shape of the grains and differences in the dimensions of the polar axis P and the equatorial diameter E. The seeds of the studied species were similar in dimensions and were all oblanceolate with a rounded apex, except for the seeds of E. ciconium which had the largest length of 3.9 mm and had Elliptical shape with truncate top. The results of the numerical analysis showed that the species separated into two clusters, the first included E. cicutarium and E. acaule, while the second separated into two sub-clusters, the first containing E. ciconium alone, and the second containing two groups, the first including E. moschatum and E. deserti, the second included E. malacoides and E. subtrilobum. The study showed that Aleppo is a natural and rich habitat of Erodium species.

Keywords: Erodium, Geraniaceae, Numerical taxonomy, Macromorphology, Micromorphology.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Yahya Al Saleh ^(1)*

(1) . Dept. Faculty of Agriculture, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Yahya al Saleh, E-mail: yahya.saleh2@gmail.com).

Received:  1/09/2022          Accepted: 23/02/2023

Abstract: 

The labor shortage during the harvest period and the high costs of manual harvesting are among the factors that cause an increase in production costs. Studies indicate that this problem can be solved through the use of simple harvesting machines that are suitable for most farmers, which are branch-end shakers. In this research, a comparison was made between the method of picking by hand, the method of harvest with combs, and the method of harvest using a shaking machine at the ends of the branches. The harvest took place in the 2020 season on 30-year-old olive trees, the Khalkhali variety, in a field in Aleppo. The trees were not treated with any type of fruit drop stimulant. The results showed that the harvesting efficiency was 97.4%, 95.2 and 82.8%, respectively, for the studied harvesting methods with highly significant differences. The productivity of the worker amounted to 6.9 kg/h, 11.7 kg/h, and 35.7 kg/h, respectively, and for the total affected fruits, which were 1.7%, 4.3%, and 9.6%, respectively. The readings of the ratio of fallen leaves, and small and large branches broken into fruits were not significant.

Keywords: Olive, Olive Harvest, Mechanical Olive Harvesting, Branches Shaker.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Kinana Omran⁽¹⁾ , Ali Elkhateeb⁽²⁾  and Mohammad Battha⁽³⁾

(1) . Faculty of Science, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria.

(2) . Faculty of Agriculture, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria.

(3). General Commission Agriculture Scientific Research, Lattakia,  Syria.

(*Corresponding author: KinanaOmran.Email:KINANA6@yahoo.com).     

Received: 2/01/2023                  Accepted: 23/02/2023

Abstract: 

This research was carried out in two consecutive seasons (2018/2019) on Valencia trees grown at the Siano Research Station of the General Authority for Agricultural Research. Organic fertilizers from different sources were used with mineral fertilizers, humic acids,and foliar spraying with some microelements(boron, zinc, manganese, iron), and their effect on production and some morphological traits was followed up. We had twelve treatments distributed on the basis of following up the effect of each type of fertilizer individually or in interaction with a mixture of organic fertilizers (dung of cows, sheep and poultry).The results showed alternating superiority between treatment F(a mixture of organic fertilizers)and treatment G(a mixture of organic fertilizers with NPK)) with regard to the studied indicators, where treatment (F) and treatment (G) were significantly superior in relation to the number of vegetative branches during the two growing seasons in the study period with an average of (8.3 branche),while treatment (G) was significantly superior in relation to the length of new developing branches and outwardly outperformed by primitive nodes (91 7 %),with an average productivity of (93.9 kg/tree), and an average fruit weight of (238.5 g), while it returned and significantly outperformed all treatments with regard to an average fruit diameter of (7.8 cm).Thus, fertilizer treatments had a significant positive effect compared to the control in most of the studied indicators.       

Keywords: Valencia Orange , Organic fertilizers ,mineral fertilizer ,vegetative growth , productivity.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf