Siba Abi Sin ^(1)*, Ibrahim Hamdan Saqr ⁽¹⁾, Ali Ahmed ⁽²⁾, and Wael Habib ⁽³⁾

(1). Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, (2).  Department of Economics and Planning, Faculty of Economics – Tishreen University

(3) Department of Economic and Social Studies, General Authority for Scientific Agricultural Research.

(*Corresponding author: Siba Abi Sin, E-mail:s.abesen95@gmail.com :0958372396)

Received:23/05/2023                     Accepted:10/08/2023

Abstract: 

This study was carried out in Hama governorate during the season (2022-2023) in order to predict the yield of pistachios based on climatic and temporal factors and the services provided to care for these trees. The study used two types of data, the first is the secondary data that represents the historical context of production, area, and rainfall rates, and the second is the primary data on production inputs and farm and farm characteristics, which was collected by the study questionnaire, which targeted a random sample of pistachio farmers in this governorate amounted to (132) farmers Distributed between irrigated and rain-fed areas. The results showed that an increase in the rate of rain by 1 mm per year will be positively reflected in an increase in pistachio productivity by 0.008 kg/tree. Similarly, the amount of irrigation water affected according to the elasticity coefficient of 0.273, while the organic fertilizer came in second place with an effect rate of 18.6%, then pesticides by 17.8%. As for the effect percentage of the main chemical fertilizers, it was about 13.4%, 11.5%, and 9.7% for each of the nitrogenous, potassium, and phosphate fertilizers, respectively. With the presence of a remarkable diversity in the cultivated varieties among four main varieties, it appears that these varieties can be classified according to the productivity averages in two distinct groups. It is the highest productivity, which included both Al-Bayadhi and Abu-Raiha cultivars, and the productivity ranged between (2850-3180) kg/ha. On the other hand, it was not found that there was a significant effect of each of the characteristics of the farms and the characteristics of the farm on the productivity of pistachios, except for the size of the farm, where the larger farms were more adequate than the small farms.

Keywords: pistachio, production function, production factors.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Ismail  Omran ^(1)*

(1). Directorate of agriculture and Agrarian   reform, Lattakia, ministry of agriculture and agrarian reform, Syria.         

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Ismail  Omran Email: Ismail.omran86@gmail.com) .                                           

Received:31/03/2023                     Accepted:26/07/2023

Abstract: 

The research aimed to evaluate The agricultural policy for The yellow maize crop in Syria using the policy  analysis matrix (pam) and to identify the price policies adopted by the state whether it was a policy of support or imposing taxes on the producers of the yellow corn crop. To achieve this the study relied on secondary data for the year 2020 and issued by the ministry of agriculture and agrarian reform in Syria, the descriptive analytical approach was used in order to introduce the policy analysis matrix (pam). The results of the research showed that the yellow maize production system is considered competitive, and the applied agricultural price policy had positive effects on the revenues, as the revenues at local prices were higher than their counterparts at economic price. Yellow  corn, and a profit for the farmer, through the state bearing additional costs to protect and support producers, and therefore the research recommended the need to continue to support the requirements of yellow corn production and to provide high-yielding seeds at reasonable price for farmers, and to study international prices of crops periodically for guidance when setting prices for crops local.

Keywords: producer support coefficient, nominal protection coefficient, Domestic resource cost coefficient, comparative advantage, policy analysis matrix(pam).

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Wael Wardeh^*(1), Ali Nisafi ⁽¹⁾, and SaraJ Rayya ⁽²⁾

(1). Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University,
Lattakia, Syria.

(2). Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author Email: Wael Wardeh  Email: Wardah_wael@yahoo.com)

Mobile: 0960003634).

Received: 12/02/2023         Accepted: 31/08/2023

Abstract: 

The aim of this study was to evaluate the economic impact of early detection and screening for subclinical mastitis in 200 Holstein Friesian cows  at Al-Bustan farm in Latakia province, Syria for a period of three months in 2019. The cows were managed under a semi-open system with an automatic milking system, and samples were collected from quarters of cows that were free of any clinical signs of mastitis. Results showed that there was no significant difference in milk production before and after the infection, as the infection was detected and treated quickly within the first few days of occurrence. The period required for cows to return to normal production after treatment and complete recovery was approximately 10.5 days, and this period had a significant effect on cow productivity by 1%. The percentage of spoiled production (unusable milk) was 56.8%, while the percentage of decreased production (usable milk) was 43.2%. The cost of veterinary care was 22,800 SYP per head, and the cost of losses due to spoiled milk and decreased production was 177,792.1 SYP per head. The total cost of lost and spoiled milk, treatment, and veterinary care in cases of subclinical mastitis was approximately 200,592.1 SYP per head. The results of the study showed that early detection of subclinical mastitis plays a crucial role in the success of treatment and reducing expected economic losses, as well as reducing veterinary costs and improving milk quality by reducing the amount of spoilage that affects the net income of the farm.

Keywords: Sub clinical mastitis, California test, Mastitis Detector Dramiński, Holstein-Friesian cows, Veterinary Costs. 

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Ali aloush^(1)*

(1). Directorate of Agriculture Deirzour, Al- Furat university, Deirzour, Syria

(* Corresponding author: Ali Adnan Aloush, E-Mail: ali83aloush8383@gmail.com, Phone: +963955275483)

Accepted:7/06/2023                         Received:9/08/2023

Abstract: 

To investigate the effect of different levels of chamomile flower in the fodder mixture on some blood indicators in a private poultry farm, 90 km east of Deir Ezzor, in 2021, (400) chicks from the commercial hybrid Hybrid were used in the experiment. They were divided into four groups, each group containing (100). Chick, each group was divided into four replicates, each replicate included (25) chicks, all experimental birds were subjected to the same rearing conditions, except for the fodder mixture, where they were fed on a traditional fodder mixture to which chamomile was added at a rate of (0-500-1000-1500) g / kg, it continued The experiment was (49) days. The immune indicators of the birds were detected by conducting tests to detect gumboro, Newcastle, and bronchitis diseases (bronchitis). The mortality rate was twice during the experiment, once in the middle of the experiment at the age of 35 days, and once at the end of the experiment at the age of 49 days. The results showed a significant decrease. In the rate of pathological infection between the control group and the three experimental groups, the differences were significant in the second and third groups, compared with the first control group and the second group, to which 500 g chamomile was added per 100 kg of feed. Also, the mortality rate decreased in the experimental groups compared with the control, and the decrease was significant in the last group to which 1500 g chamomile was added per 100 kg of feed.

Keywords: Matricaria Chamomilla, Newcastle disease, Bronchitis disease, Gamboro disease, mortality rate, Hubbard

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Heba Sakour * ⁽¹⁾ and Bushra alissa ⁽¹⁾

 (1). Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Heba Sakour. E-Mail: hebaa.sakour@gmail.com).

Received: 11/07/2023                Accepted: 30/07/2023

Abstract: 

The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of egg weight, shape, and shell thickness indicators on hatchability and chicks weight at hatching of Japanese Quail. For this purpose, 405 eggs were used. The eggs were divided into three groups: The first included 135 eggs for weight treatments Pw and was divided in turn into three categories: small eggs Pws (>10 g), medium eggs Pwm (10-12 g), and large eggs Pwb (<12 g), the second included 135 eggs for shape index treatments Ps and was divided in turn into three categories: elongated eggs Ps1 (>73%), normal eggs Ps2 (73-77%), and round eggs Ps3 (<77%), and the third included 135 eggs for shell thickness treatments Pl and was divided in turn into three categories: thin Pln (>0.28 mm), medium Plm (0.31-0.29 mm), and thick Plk (<0.32 mm). The eggs were incubated in the hatchery of the poultry laboratory for 17 days. The research concluded that there was a strong significant correlation (P≤0.05) between egg weight, hatchability, and chicks weight at hatching, and the treatment Pwb gave the best results 92.33% and 9.97 g respectively. It was also noted that there was a significant effect of the shape of the eggs on hatchability and chicks weight at hatching, where the treatment Ps1 achieved the best results 94.31% and 9.89 g, respectively. On other hand, it was found that there were no significant effect of egg shell thickness on hatchability and chicks weight at hatching.

Keywords: Japanese quail, egg weight, shape index, shell thickness.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Nawar Khadra*⁽¹⁾, Omar Al-Naser⁽¹⁾,   Mahmoud Abdulkareem⁽¹⁾, and Ali Othman⁽²⁾

(1). Department of Food Sciences, College of Agriculture, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria.

(2). General Authority for Fish Resources, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Nawar Khadra,  Email: nkhadra@yahoo.com.).

Received: 13/05/2023         Accepted: 30/08/2023

Abstract: 

This study was conducted during the academic year 2021-2022 in the laboratories of the Department of Food Sciences at the Faculty of Agriculture – Aleppo University to investigate the effect of packaging solutions on the quality properties of bluefin tuna. The results showed increased protein content and high nutritional value of bluefin tuna. The microbiological analysis of canned tuna in salt, tomato paste, and sunflower oil solutions indicated the absence of pathogenic bacteria. Chemical analysis of tuna meat preserved in different solutions revealed a significant increase in true protein content, non-protein nitrogen ratio, and volatile nitrogen values of meat pieces preserved in oil compared to other samples. A significant difference was also observed in the salt content of meat pieces preserved in a salt solution compared to other samples, while meat pieces preserved in tomato paste showed a significant increase in acidity. Regarding the chemical composition of the preservation solutions, an increase in true protein content, non-protein nitrogen ratio, volatile nitrogen values, and acidity was observed in tomato paste solution, while a significant difference was observed in the salt content of the salt solution. Sensory evaluation indicated that tuna preserved in salt or oil received positive evaluations from consumers, while those preserved in tomato paste received lower evaluations.

Key words: Bluefin Tuna, Canning, Tuna Products, Tuna Preserving, Qualitative Properties

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Mahmoud  Al-Mohamed ^(1)*

(1). Department of  Animal Production, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Mahmoud Al-Mohamed. E-Mail: Mahmoud.lb.Almohamed@gmail.com).

Received  1/06 /2024                 Accepted: 1 /08 /2024

Abstract: 

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the Dry Period Length on some reproductive performance indicators for the subsequent lactation. It was conducted on 74 Holstein Friesian cows, belonging to the herd of the Jeb Ramla cattle station, in Syria, during 2022-2024. The cows were classified according to the Dry Period Length into (less than 45, 46-55, more than 56 days), and the effect of the length of the dry period was studied on the Services per conception, days open, Calving interval, Length of pregnancy, weight Calf at birth, Estrus rate. The data was analyzed using SPSS26 software. The results showed a highly significant effect of the Dry Period Length on all indicators studied, except for the effect on the Estrus rate, as the effect non-significance. The results showed that shortening the Dry Period Length to weak fertility, and long Dry Period Length to an increase in the values of reproductive indicators. The best reproductive indicators were with a dry period of 46-55 days.

Key words: Dry Period Length, reproductive performance, Holstein cows.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Ghayth  Jazaa^(1)* and  Zouher  Jabbour⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(* Corresponding author: Ghayth Jazaa, E.mail: ghayth.jazaa@tishreen.edu.sy)

Received:20/08/2023          Accepted: 5/04/2023

Abstract: 

The study was conducted on 180 one-day-old Ross chicks, without distinguishing between males and females, to determine the effect of heat stress on the level of cortisol hormone in the blood serum of broiler chickens. The chicks were divided into two groups; each group includes 90 chicks. The control group was under ideal temperature conditions suitable for broiler chickens throughout the experiment, while the heat stress group was subjected to heat stress from the age of 22 days to the age of 42 days for 7 hours a day during the day from ten in the morning until five in the evening at a temperature rate of 31 ± 1, with a relative humidity ranging between 70-80%, and a nursery density of 10 birds per square meter. At the end of the experiment, at the age of 42 days, the level of cortisol in the serum was measured. The results showed that there was a significant (P<0.05) increase in serum cortisol concentration in the stress group (5.81 ± 0.06) ng/mL compared to the control group (2.01 ± 0.04) ng/mL. We conclude, through the aforementioned results, the close relationship between heat stress, high cortisol concentration, and physiological homeostasis in birds exposed to stress.

Keywords: Stress, Heat Stress, Broiler, cortisol.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Ali Aloush^(1)*

(1). Al-friat university, Dier zor, Syria.

(*Corresponding author:  Dr. Ali Aloush ,  E-Mail: ali83aloush8383@gmail.com).

Received:4/04/2023            Accepted: 12/06/2023

Abstract: 

The experiment is done in a private poultry farm located in Al-Jalaa Which Is 30 KM East of Dier Ezor. The experiment studied the impact of the addition of garlic powder on the production parameters of broilers, in a private poultry farm east of Deir-Ezzor in 2020. the research was conducted on (240) chicks from the commercial Hubberd. The experimental birds were divided randomly into four groups, each group containing (60) chicks. The first group was the control. It was given an approved fodder mixture without adding garlic powder to it. The second, third and fourth experimental groups were given the same feed mixture that was provided to the control with the addition of garlic powder in proportions of (1 – 2 – 3) kg per 100 kg of feed, respectively. The following productive indicators were studied: (average live weight – average gain weight, average amount of feed – feed conversion coefficient – mortality rate). The results showed a significant superiority in the average live weight in the fourth group added to its feed mixture 3 kg of garlic per 100 kg of feed, as the average live weight was (2631.1) g. The differences were also significant with regard to the weekly weight gain and the rate of feed consumption, which led to a significant superiority in the feed conversion coefficient, reaching (2.34) in the control group and (2.12) in the fourth group. Witness This is evidence of an improvement in the productive and immune status of birds when garlic powder is added to their feed mixture.

Keywords: garlic, productivity indicators, broilers.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Hadil obid ^(1)*, Abdel Nasser al omer ⁽¹⁾, Rema Al-Wadaa⁽¹⁾ and Ali Deeb ⁽²⁾

(1). Hama Research Canter, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Syria.

(2).Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Baath University, Homs, Syria.

(*Corresponding author:  Hadil Obid ,  E-Mail: Hadilobaid2017@gmail.com).

Received:26/05/2023          Accepted: 7/09/2023

Abstract: 

The research was carried out in the sheep research station at the Hama Research Center of the General Authority for Scientific Agricultural Research, during the period (2016- 2022), the aim of this research was to study the daily milk production rate, lactation period, twins, and some factors affecting. 548 records were used which belong to (257) A milking ewes and (51) rams, and (682) records were used to study the percentage of twins and some influencing factors (year of birth, parity mother’s age and weight, type, and sex of the newborn). The data were subjected to the general linear model, and analysis of variance was used to determine the effect of different factors using the SAS program (1996). Estimating the values of the best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) and the characteristic of daily milk production for Parents of Awassi sheep were done by using the statistical analysis program (MTDF). The general averages of daily milk production, lactation period, and the percentage of twins were 1.35 ± 0.02 kg / day / head, 173 ± 1.3 days, % 47 respectively during the study period. Heritability and repeatability estimations of daily milk yield were found to be (0.24 ± 0.10) and (0.40 ± 0.10), respectively. BLUP yield values for daily milk have ranged between (0.92) kg for Sheep No. (3032) and the lowest value was (-0.31) kg for Sheep No. (3450) and between (0.337) kg for ram No. (1335) and the lowest values (-0.71) kg for ram No. (4025) as a deviation from the average daily milk production in the herd. It was found that many non-genetic factors affected the studied traits, they had a significant effect on the performance of the parents of sheep and rams. From the previous results it can be concluded that, there is a necessity to pay more interesting to genetic and non-genetic factors through exclusion processes based on animal records and breeding values of parents, and the necessity of introducing the percentage of twins and daily milk production into the genetic improvement program to obtain a benefit from genetically superior animals by increasing the rate of genetic improvement.

Key words: Daily milk production, Twins, Breeding values, Awassi sheep.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf