Abeer jubily^*(1)  and Fahed Albiski⁽²⁾

(1). General Commission for scientific and agriculture research, Lattakia, Syria.

(2).  National commission for biotechnology, Damascus, Syria.

(*corresponding author: Dr. Abeer Jubily. E-Mail; abeerjubily.e@gmail.com).

Received:  18/06/2024           Accepted: 2/09/2024

Abstract: 

This experiment was carried out at the Agricultural Science Research Center in Lattakia- General Combition for Scientific Agricultural Research, Syria during seasons 2017-2022.The mutagens gamma rays and ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) were used to induce genetic variation in chickpea cultivar Gab.5. DNA was amplified using ten primers (RAPD) of 17 promising mutant families of Gab (5) selected based on morphological and productive characteristics compared to the control. The results showed genetic differences between 7 mutant families derived from Ghab5 compared to the control. The primers resulted in a total of 81 bands, with an average polymorphism of 22.82%. Cluster analysis based on the RAPD results divided the cultivar Gab.5 and the selected families into seven different groups. The availability of the desired mutations gives a good opportunity to develop improved chickpea cultivars in addition to generating genetic variation, which enriches the genetic resources of chickpea.

Key words: Cicer arietinum L., genetic variation, RAPD technique, dendrogram.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Areej Alkhder^(1)*, Mohammad Manhal Alzabi⁽¹⁾, Ibrahim Algoribi⁽²⁾ Samer Al Rabee⁽¹⁾  Nabila kridi⁽¹⁾,Safaa Hazeem ⁽¹⁾ and  Maha Khorshed⁽¹⁾

(1). Natural Resources Research Management General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR) – Damascus, Syria.

(2). Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria.

(*corresponding author: Dr. Areej Alkhder. E-Mail; Areejalkeder@gmail.com).

Received:  18/06/2024           Accepted: 20/10/2024

Abstract: 

The experiment was carried out at Al-Nashabiya Research Station located in the Damascus Countryside Governorate during the season 2019/2020. In order to study the effect of adding several levels of nano-nitrogen on growth and productivity of two wheat cultivars (Sham 7 and 8).The treatments consisted of the following: N0 control (without addition), N1 conventional fertilizer (urea), and treatments of nano-fertilizer (N2=0.5, N3=1 and N4=1.5 and N5=2) kg N/ha. The experiment plots were completely randomized with three replicates plot for each treatment. The results showed a direct increase in plant height, spike length and number of spikes per unit area with an increase in the rate of nitrogen fertilizer added compared to the control in the two studied varieties. In terms of productivity, it was noted that the treatments N1 and N4 were superior. In the soft cultivar Sham 8, which gave (6.03 and 5.10) tons/ha, respectively, compared to the control treatment (4.17) tons/ha, while treatments N1, N4 and N5 outperformed the tough cultivar Sham 7, with productivity reaching (6.43, 5.40 and 5.37). ton/ha, respectively, compared to the control treatment, which amounted to (4.47) ton/ha.

Key words: Nanonitrogen Fertilization, Wheat, Cham7, Cham8 spike length, productive characteristics.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Mayada zahlout^(1)*

(1). Department of botany , Faculty of Science , Tishreen University , Lattakia , Syria .

(*Corresponding author: Mayada zahlout. E-MailMayadaam79@gmail.com).

                                                                                                                                                                                                Received:  27/03/2024           Accepted: 7/10/2024

Abstract: 

Plants are an important source for human health. This study aims to identify the chemical compounds found in the flowers, leaves and roots of the species Convolvulus Cantabrica L., samples were collected from the Al-Haffa region of Latakia Governorate – Syria, during July 2022. The plant extract was obtained using an ultrasound device Analyze it using a gas chromatograph equipped with a mass spectrometer (GC/MS). 21 compounds were identified in the leaves, 14 compounds in the flowers, and 13 compounds in the roots. The most important hydrocarbon compounds in the roots were o-Xylene (1.38%), followed by Octasiloxane (1.20%). While the leaves were characterized by a higher percentage of hydrocarbon compounds, which amounted to 11 compounds, the most important of which was Heptadecane (8.33%), and the carboxylic acids were represented by the two compounds Oleic Acid (0.23%), followed by Tridecanoic acid (0.15%), and the compound Acetamide, which belongs to the amide group, was found in a percentage (0.05%). The number of carboxylic acids in the flowers reached 5 acids: Oleic Acid (1.08% higher than what was found in the leaves), then n-Hexadecanoic acid (0.82%), followed by the compound Octadecenoic Acid (Z)-9 (0.22%). %), This type is a source of biologically active compounds for medical applications.

Keywords  : Convolvulus cantabrica L., gas chromatography (GC/MS), ultrasound device, chemical compounds, Fatty acid.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Hadia Hasan*⁽¹⁾ , Maher Dais⁽¹⁾ , Osamah Alabdullah⁽²⁾ ,Solaf Hallom⁽¹⁾ ,Yosef Amine⁽¹⁾ , and Bashar Mousa⁽¹⁾

(1). General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Latakia Center,  Al-Hinady Station, Latakia, Syria.

(2).  Administration of Horticulture Research, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr.Hadia Hasan,  Email: hadiahasan894@gmail.com).

Received: 14/09/2024.                                    Accepted:  11/12/2024

Abstract: 

The research was carried out at Al-Hanadi Research Station – Agricultural Scientific Research Center in Lattakia during 2022-2023 season to study the effect of silicon (potassium silicate) addition as a fertilizer for cabbage plants at two levels (25 kg/dunum and 50 kg/dunum) in treatments (T5 and T6), silicate fertilization with mineral fertilization in treatments (3 and 4), mineral fertilization (T2) and treatment without fertilization control treatment (T1). The Randomized Complete Block system was used in the experimental design. The results showed that the combined silicate and mineral fertilization had a clear positive effect on the growth of local cabbage plants. Cabbage leaves outperformed in the silicate and mineral fertilization treatment with the highest content of potassium (2.77%), phosphorus (0.325%), and total soluble sugars. This treatment also gave the highest yield of fresh cabbage 6.54 tons/dunum. While  the potassium silicate treatment increased the dry matter content of cabbage leaves to (13.07 and 13.04%) at the levels of 25 and 50 kg/acre, respectively.

Key words: Cabbage,potassium silicate, total soluble sugars, yield.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Malak Saboh* ⁽¹⁾

^(1). Center for Scientific Agriculture Research, Lattakia, Syria.

 (*Corresponding author: Dr. MalakSaboh. E-Mail:malak.sabboh@gmail.com)

Received: 10/09/2024         Accepted: 27/11/2024

Abstract: 

The study was conducted during 2019-2020onessentialoilofThymus spp. spread in Lattakia’s forestry to three species of Thymusspp.whichwereThymuscapitatus Hoff. ( SnobarJableh), Thymus syriacusBioss (Solas, Kasab) and Thymus cilicicusBioss ( Al-Dalia) by using Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry GC-MStoanalyzecomponents of essential oil and the results were analyzed by using MSTATThe result of the essential oil analysis showed T.capitatus H. in SnobarJableh zone exceeded by the proportion of essential oil (1.15%) and least was in T.cilicicus H. in Al-Dalia (0.55%), while carvacrol outperformed the rest of the compounds by an average (37.63%).

Keywords: Thymus spp. ,GC-MS, Carvacrol

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Samar Dayoub^*(1)_, Rashid Kharbotli⁽¹⁾ and Nabil Abokaf ⁽²⁾

(1). Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agricultural engineering, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(2). Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural engineering, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria

(*Corresponding author: Samar Dayoub. E-mail: samardayoub17@gmail.com )

Received: 26/08∕ 2024                      Accepted:29∕ 12∕ 2024

Abstract: 

The experiment was carried out in vegetative apple rootstocks orchard of Kassab village in Lattakia Govrnorate on two apple cultivars Royal gala, Granny smith and the rootstock Malus   sylvestris (L.) Mill fifteen years old and grafted on M. sylvestris nine years old during seasons of 2020 and 2021.   Then   applied the fertilization  which is balanced  instant  fertilizer contains (20:20:20) of  (N.P.K) by adding (450) g \ tress of it  on three applications in each application we added (150)g\ tree on ( March, May, July) and treated the tested trees with the  foliar sprays that contains micro elements( Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, B) on March in amount (6) litre \ tree. The aim of the study was estimating the effects of applying four fertilization treatments (control, fertilizer, fertilizer + foliar sprays once, fertilizer + foliar sprays twice) on  fruit weight  mean (g) and also the fruit content of soluble solids (TSS)% , total sugars (TS)% , total acidity (TA)%. In addition to evaluating the content for shoots of nitrogen and carbohydrates (%) and the roots content of carbohydrates (%). In addition to fertilization moderate pruning had applied to the studied trees  in February  The results proved that the moderate pruning treatment increased fruit weight for the two cultivars wich  were (139.33 ) g compared to control (102.67)g in Granny smith fruit. The treatment (fertilization + pruning) increased  the fruit content of soluble solids (TSS) % , total sugars (TS)% . but decreased its content of total acidity (TA)% compared  to control in “Granny smith” fruit.  But The highest  soluble solids (TSS)%  were in the treatment (fertilization + pruning) (12.58)% compared to control  (10.78)% in Royal gala fruit . whereas  the highest total sugars (TS)% in Royal gala scored in the  treatment fertilization wich averaged (11.36)% compared to control (9.56)%.  and also the heighest nitrogen and carbohydrates content of shoots which scored in the fourth  treatment (fertilization + pruning) for the two  studied cultivars.  and also increased the roots content of  carbohydrates compared to control. The statistical analysis of results that there were  significant differences observed  between all treatment compared to control.   Studied.                                                                                              

Kay word: fertilization, foliar sprays, apple, total soluble solids , total sugars.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Razan Knag ⁽¹⁾*

 (1). Department of Agricultural Mechanization, Technical Faculty, Tartous University, Tartous, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Razan Knag. E-mail: Razanknag@gmail.com)

Accepted: 11/12/2024                           Received: 2/11/2024

Abstract: 

This experiment was carried out in Miaar Shaker village (Tartous) in agriculture season 2024 with the aim of studying the effect of spraying with salicylic acid on growth and productivity of cucumber plants in greenhouse. The design of the randomized complete sectors was followed and the experiment included 5 treatments and 4 replications.  The results showed a significant increase in growth indicators when spraying with salicylic acid at a concentration of 400ppm compared to untreated control, as it led to an increase in plant height, number of leaves and leaf area, which reached to 202.8cm, 34.40 leaf.plant^-1, 10616cm², respectively compared to 188.6cm, 24.8  leaf.plant^-1, 4529cm², respectively for control plants. The use of salicylic acid at a concentration of 400ppm led to a significant increase in productivity which is (4.28 kg.plant^-1) compared to (2.09 kg.plant^-1)  for control plants.

Keywords: Cucumber plants, Salicylic acid, Plant Growth, Production, Greenhouse.

  Full paper in Arabic: pdf                   

Nibal Alsaleh^(1)*   

(1) .General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Nibal ALsaleh. E-Mail: neebal_alsaleh@yahoo.com).

Received:15/09/2024          Accepted: 11/12/2024

Abstract: 

One of the key challenges facing soils in mountainous regions is the soil erosion. In order to develop effective soil conservation plans, it is essential to accurately estimate the rates and distribution of erosion. This research was conducted in Jwilin watershed on the western side of Jabel-Alarab mountain in southwestern Syria between 2017-2021, utilizing the GeoWEPP (Geo-spatial Water Erosion Prediction Project) model. This research aims at investigate the performance of GeoWEPP model for sediment yield prediction by comparing the predicted values with the observed values taken between 2017 and 2019. Furthermore, the research will evaluate the spatial distribution of soil erosion. The results demonstrated that the values of R² and NSE reached 0.85 and 0.71, respectively, indicating a positive indication of the effectiveness of GeoWEPP for estimating soil erosion in the study area. Soil erosion rates ranged between less than 1 t.ha^-1.yr^-1 and 50 t.ha^-1.yr^-1. Additionally. A total of 31% of the watershed area was classified as a high-ratio eroding area, with the majority of these areas concentrated in the central part of the watershed, where slopes with a gradient of more than 10% are located.

Keywords: Soil loss, erosion modeling, GeoWEPP model, spatial distribution, Jwilin watershed.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

MohammadAl-daems ^(1)*, Amani Birawi ⁽¹⁾, Bayan Abdullah ⁽¹⁾, Mustaf  beda ⁽²⁾ and Nabila Kridi ⁽²⁾

(1). Hamah Center of Scientific Agriculture Research, Hamah, Syria. Mohammaddaems@gmail.com.

(2) . Administration of Natural Resources,  Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: En. Mohammad Aldaems : E.mail:  mohammaddaems@gmail.com.).

                Received:31/10/2024                            Accepted:27/11/2024

Abstract: 

The study was conducted during the seasons 2019 and 2020 on pistachio trees, the Ashouri variety, aged (33) years, which were planted at the Agricultural Scientific Research Center in Hama, with the aim of studying the effect of pistachio wastes compost and organic fertilizers on quantitative and qualitative productivity indicators. This study included four treatments in addition to the control, using pistachio wastes compost (PW) to fertilize pistachio trees at a rate (15 kg / tree) and pistachio wastes compost with organic fertilizer (PW + OM) at a rate (7.5 + 15 kg / tree) and fertilizer Organic (OM) at a rate of (30 kg / tree) compared to the chemical fertilizer treatment (TNPK) according to what is followed by the farmer, and with the presence of a control without any fertilizer addition (T0), the experiment was designed by designing complete randomized sectors. The organic fertilization treatments and pistachio wastes compost showed significant superiority in the first season, as the treatment (OM) showed a significant superiority with the production quantity (5.70) kg / tree over all treatments and the treatment (PW + OM) showed significant differences on all treatments with the lowest nut blanking percent and the highest percentage Half kernel nuts (8.68, 95.54)%, respectively, and the treatment (TNPK) significantly outperformed the rest of the treatments with the highest weight of wet fruit and dry kernel (2.75, 0.49). In the second season, all fertilization treatments were significantly superior to the control without differences between them and the highest production was in Treatment (OM and PW + OM) with the highest production (23.6, 21.6) kg / tree, respectively, and no significant differences were shown for the rest of the studied indicators.  Of these results fertilization with pistachio wastes compost and organic fertilizer (PW + OM) at a rate (7.5 + 15 kg / tree) is economically and environmentally beneficial to obtain quantitative and qualitative characteristics for the production of pistachio trees, var. ‘Ashouri’.

Key words: pistachio, Pistacia vera L., pistachio wastes, organic fertilizer, productivity.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Fadi Kazngi  *⁽¹⁾ , Talal Amin ⁽²⁾ , Bashar Tobo ⁽¹⁾ and Ahmad Mahmoud⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Natural Resources, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research-Latakia, Syria.

(2). Department of Forestry and Environment, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Fadi Kazngi: E.mail:  fadikazngi79@yahoo.com.).

                Received:31/07/2024                    Accepted:25/11/2024                                                                                                            

Abstract: 

This study was conducted during the year 2022 with the aim of studying the effect of location, depending on the altitude above sea level, on the germination rate of seeds of some environmental types of carob at the Agricultural Scientific Research Center in Lattakia, Where carob seeds were collected from locations varying in altitude above sea level (Umm al-Tuyur – Sanobar Jablah – Jibol – Bastoir). then they were germinated and the growth and development of the seedlings were monitored. It included four treatments: A1 (Umm al-Tuyur), A2 (Sanobar Jablah), A3 (Jibol), and A4 (Bastoir). Each treatment included three replicates, with an average of fifty seeds per replicate. The experiment was designed using a completely randomized block method. The results were statistically analyzed using the program (12GENSTAT) and the differences were tested using the least significant difference (L.S.D) method at a significance level of P=0.05.The results showed a clear effect of height above sea level on the germination rate and germination time, as Umm al-Tuyour seeds exceeded the rest of the sites with a germination rate of 90.67%. Umm al-Tuyour seeds also began to germinate four days earlier than Bastoir seeds, and the speed and uniformity of germination also improved. The weight of 1000 seeds was higher in the Umm al-Tayur site, significantly superior to the rest of the sites. The seeds of Umm al-Tuyur and Sanobar Jablah were also significantly superior to the rest of the sites in terms of the values ​​of shoot and root systems, diameter, and number of leaves.

Keywords: Ceratonia siliqua L.- Height above sea level- germination- Weight of a thousand seeds. 

Full paper in Arabic: pdf