Abeer  Dayoub ^*(1)Adnan  Nizam⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Damascus University, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Abeer  Dayoub, E.mail: abeer84.dayoub@damascusuniversity.edu.sy, Phone No: +963 941141154 )                                                   

Received: 24/08/2023                  Accepted: 9/10/2023

Abstract: 

Microalgae represent a large, untapped source of new bioactive compounds (secondary metabolites) produced by some microalgae when they are subjected to harsh conditions (stress) in their environments such as: changes in salinity, temperature, nutrients, light, and ultraviolet radiation. Therefore, they must quickly adapt to new environmental conditions to survive. These secondary metabolites cannot be found in other organisms. Among these metabolites is astaxanthin (an active antioxidant) produced by the alga Haematococcus pluvialis, and its percentage in the samples study reached 7.86% of the dry weight of red cells. However, the antioxidant activity was higher in green cells extracted with ethanol compared to red cells, in which astaxanthin is in the form of esters of fatty acids.

Keywords: microalgae, astaxanthin, Haematococcus pluvialis, stress, fatty acids ester.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Walaa Al-Oraip * ⁽¹⁾, Alaadin Jarad ⁽¹⁾ and Wafaa Koaym⁽²⁾

(1). Department of Horticulture, Factory of Agriculture, University of Al-Furat, Syria

(2). Researcher in the Department of Almonds, Department of Horticulture Research, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Walaa Al-Oraip. E-Mail: Walaa.Aloreib@gmail.com).

Received: 29/08/2023         Accepted: 15/10/2023

Abstract: 

A field experiment was conducted in Ezraa Research Station in Daraa during the seasons 2022 and 2023 to study the effect of concentration and addition method of humic and amino acids on the vegetative growth characteristics and productivity parameters of plum cultivar Al-Jawhara (P.salicina var Black Amber). Three concentrations of humic and amin acids were tasted (1 ml/l, 2 ml/l, 4 ml/l) in addition of control (without treatment), with two addition methods (Folair spray, Ground water), The experiment was factorial according to randomized complete block design (RCBD). The results showed significant superiority of Folair spray, where it reached the highest average for each of stem circumference (21.43 cm), length of the shoots (139.07 cm), leaf area (37.77 cm²/leaf), fruit set % (5.64%), ripe fruits number (800.27 fruit/tree), The average of fruit weight (70.14 g), one fruit size (63.18 ml), the highest value of tree productivity (56.71 kg/tree), and per donum (2.83 ton/d). The amino acids treatment at 4 ml/l concentration alone or with humic acid at 4 ml/l concentration achieved a positive effect in improving the vegetative growth characteristics (stem circumference, length of the shoots, leaf area) and fruiting characteristics (fruit set percentage, ripe fruits number, weight and size of one fruit, yield per tree, and yield per dunum) significantly superiority to the rest of the treatment including the control. Regarding the interaction effect between concentration and addition method of humic acid and amino acids, the highest values of stem circumference (22.01 cm), fruit set percentage (6.33 %),  ripe fruits number (876.9 fruit/tree), one fruit size (84.66 ml), tree yield  (71.6 kg/tree), and unit area yield (3.58 ton/d) were achieved when the foliar spray treatment of amino acids at 4 ml/l  concentration, while the highest values of length of the shoots (154 cm), leaf area (45.33 cm²/leaf), one fruit weight (84.4 g) were recorded when foliar spray treatment of amino acids and humic acid at 4 ml/l  concentration for both of them, while the lowest values were achieved in the control treatment.

Keywords: plum, Humic acid, Amino acid, vegetative growth, productivity traits.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Nsreen Dib^(1)*, Alisar Shaabow⁽¹⁾, Ammar Asekriyeh⁽¹⁾, Omar Hamoudi⁽¹⁾, Amal Haj Hassan⁽¹⁾, Ammar Abbas⁽¹⁾, Soulaf Haloum⁽¹⁾ and Rami Adraa⁽¹⁾

  (1). General Commission for Scientific Agriculture  Research, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Nsreen Dib. E-Mail: nsreendibsh@gmail.com, Mob: 0934373387).

Received: 17/05/2023           Accepted: 25/09/2023

Abstract: 

The research was carried out at the Agricultural Scientific Research Center in Lattakia, within a 400 m² greenhouse planted with lettuce, during the fall of 2022, with the aim of studying the effect of using bio fertilization on some parameters of vegetative growth, quality and productivity of lettuce plants. The experiment was divided according to the randomized complete block design, where the experiment was included three transactions distributed as follows: 1.soil control without fertilization, 2.fertilization By injecting the soil with the bio fertilizer Beauveria bassiana (Bb).3. fertilizing the soil with the bio fertilizer Bacillus subtilis (Bs). The results showed that the bio fertilizers contributed to improving the vegetative growth characteristics of lettuce compared to the control. The highest stem weight was observed in the bio fertilizer (Bb) treatment (99.67 g) followed by the bio fertilizer (Bs) treatment (71 g) compared to the control (68 g). Bio fertilizer (Bb) was superior in terms of its effect on pulp weight (202g) compared to bio fertilizer (Bs) (97.3g) and the control (145g). Bio fertilizer (Bb) also contributed to an increase in root length (16.3 cm) compared to bio fertilizer (Bs) and control (12 and 12.3 cm), respectively. Bio fertilization contributed to an increase in the average representative surface area and the leaf surface index compared to the control with clear significant differences, and the highest value for them was recorded in the treatment of bio fertilizer ((Bs 7924 S2 / plant and 4.95). As for the productivity criteria, the two types of bio fertilizer contributed to improving the productivity parameters compared to the control, where the highest plant weight was recorded in the bio fertilizer treatment (Bb) (811.7 g), followed by the treatment of bio fertilizer (Bs) (641 g) compared to the control (583.7 g).The results also show the role of bio fertilizer in increasing productivity per unit area. The productivity per unit area in the bio fertilizer (Bb) treatment was 5.07 kg and in the bio fertilizer (Bs) treatment 4 kg The treatment with both types of bio fertilizer contributed to an increase in the percentage of dissolved solids (4.56% and 3.7%) for each of the bio fertilizers (Bs). ) and biofertilizer (Bb) respectively. The average percentage of dry matter percentage in the biofertilizer treatment (Bs) was 6.60% and in the bio fertilizer treatment (Bb) 5.37% compared to the control treatment 5.82%. Thus the results show the role of biofertilizers in plant growth as a source sustainable and continuous.

Keywords: lettuce, bio fertilization, greenhouse, Beauveria bassiana, Bacillus subtilis,  nitrate concentration, Yield.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Molham Shaabani ^{* (1)}

(1). Directorate of Agriculture and Agrarian Reform in Latakia, Tishreen University, Latakia, Syria.

(*corresponding author: Molham Shaabani. Email: molhamshaabani@gmail.com. Mobile: 0933687146).

Received: 31/07/2023           Accepted: 27/10/2023

Abstract: 

The research was carried out in Damsarkhu area of Latakia province during 2022 agricultural season, by cultivating sixteen genotypes of the local ordinary lobby, with the aim of studying the genetic variations in the physiological, morphological and productive characteristics of the locally cultivated species vigna.ssp, and identifying genotypes with distinctive characteristics, using  random complete block design  (R.C.B.D) with three replications. The results showed a differences in the values of the studied qualities while as the genotype (G3) was the most distinctive in many morphological qualities such as the length of the century (30.26) cm, and in productivity, the most important of which is the quality of the number of seeds/century compared with other genotypes (18.46) seed and average plant production of green horns in the area unit (3.15kg/m2), in addition to the genotype (G5), which characterized with the number of green horns on the plant and reached (34.53) horns, and the genotype (G10), which exceeded the size of the leaf (70.91) cm2. Thus, aggregate selection for distinctive strains or varieties can be applied in their quantitative and qualitative qualities, relying on the correlation as an electoral indicator of certain economic qualities such as the relationship between the number of seeds in the century and the recipes of the length of the century/cm (r = 0.984 * *), the weight of the century (g) (r = 0.977 * *), and other qualities.

Key Words : Preliminary evaluation, genotypes, Cowpea, characterization.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Mosaab  Taan

(1). Faculty of Agricultural Engineering – Tishreen University – Lattakia – Syria.

(^*Corresponding author: Mosaab Taan, Email: engmosaabtaan@gmail.com, Tel: 963 945 494 269).

Received: 1/08/2023             Accepted: 23/10/2023

Abstract: 

The study was conducted in the village of Sobin in Hama, which is 5 km away from the city center, and 270 meters above sea level, during the agricultural season for the years 2021 and 2022, with the aim of evaluating the efficiency of seeds of some introduced varieties of onions in producing bulbs from planting seeds directly in the same year. The study conducted using a factorial experiment that included nine treatments with three replications for one treatment and included a study of three varieties (Hercules – Texas – Caesar) with three seed planting dates (9/25/2021, 10/10/2021 and 10/25/2021). In the varieties and dates planted. The results indicated the possibility of obtaining bulbs from planting seeds directly in two cultivars Hercules and Caesar at the aforementioned dates, and the results showed the superiority of the two cultivars Hercules and Caesar at the first planting date 9/25/2021 in terms of productivity per unit area of ​​bulbs, which amounted to (4.15 kg / m² for the cultivar Hercules On the date of 9/25/2021 and 4.33 kg / m ² for the Caesar variety at the same date). It also showed a decline in the productivity of the two cultivars Hercules and Caesar per unit area when planting was delayed on the dates 10/10/2021 and 10/25/2021 to 2.6 and 2.26 kg/m², respectively, compared with 3.1 and 2.4 kg/m² for the Caesar cultivar. While the Texas Early Granum cultivar did not give a significant productivity, the formation of bulbs in this variety was limited to (0.56-0.4-0.36) kg. Accordingly, onions can be produced from planting the seeds of the two varieties Hercules and Caesar when they are planted on 9/25/2021.

Keywords: Onion seeds, planting date, cultivar, bulb production.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Fadi Kazngi  ^{* (1)}  Talal Amin⁽²⁾

(1). Department of Natural Resources, General Commission for Scientific, Agricultural Research, Latakia, Syria.

(2). Department of  Forestry and Ecology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia , Syria.                                                                      

(*Corresponding author: Fadi Kazngi, E.mail:  fadikazngi79@yahoo.com, Tel:.0933643343).

Received:29/05/2023          Accepted: 16/10/2023

Abstract: 

This research was carried out in the Scientific Centre for Agricultural Researches in Lattakia. This study was conducted with the aim of studying the effect of some treatments on the percentage of seed germination of Laurus nobilis L. and The effect of the agricultural media on the percentage of germination, growth, and development of seedlings. The seeds were treated with several different treatments: Control; and moist cold Stratification; Gibberellin soaking; concentrated Sulfuric acid  (H₂SO₄); and Scarification treatment; in addition to using several media: Turf, Nursery soil, and a mixture of turf and nursery soil. The results showed the success of the moist cold stratification method for two months and its superiority in raising the proportion of germination to 98%, Germination speed and homogeneity were improved. However, the treatment of seeds with mechanical scarification came second and gave a germination rate of 78.67%. The treatment of seeds with gibberellin at a concentration of 300 ppm gave a good germination rate of 53.33%. In the case of the treatment of Laurus nobilis seeds with concentrated sulfuric acid, germination was inhibited. Moreover, it clearly showed the positive effect of Turf in improving the percentage of germination and the values of the indicators measured during the process of mixing it with the soil of the forest nursery used for the growth of seedlings.

Key words: Laurus nobilis L., Stratification, Mechanical treatment, Gibberellin, Turf.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Gheith Nassour ^(1)*, Ihab Ahmad⁽¹⁾, Fadel Alkayem⁽¹⁾, Ammar Askarieh⁽¹⁾, Ghufran Ghanem⁽¹⁾, Muhammad Nizam⁽¹⁾, Ziad Khory⁽¹⁾and Hussein Ahmad⁽¹⁾

(1). Research Center in Lattakia, General Commission for scientific Agriculture Research, Syria.

(*Corresponding author:  Dr. Gheith Nassour, E.mail: gheith76@hotmail.com – 0932862661).

Received:7/09/2023            Accepted: 24/10/2023

Abstract: 

These Experiments had been done in The Agricultural Scientific research Centre in Lattakia, where 24 Types of red and green Okra were Collected from different altitudes (25 – 650) meters. This work Continued for 10 years (2006-2016). These types were planted within an experimental pieces of 11.2 m² square, and the distance between each piece and another is 50 meters in order to reduce the Cross-pollination. Both of the general and the special Criterions had been considered during the individual plant Selection. During the first and the second years of the Selection, the bad and strange plants had been removed, 12 types out of 24 were selected. Then, in the next two years, individual plant selection had been lasted after covering the selected plants of every type with mosquito net in order to reduce the Cross-Pollination among the types. In the third and fourth years of the Selection, only two types out of twelve were selected; one of them had green pods and the other had red pods. Individual plant selection had  been lasted more over 4 consecutive years until plants had become  identical, with wanted qualities, and high productivity. The two selected types were compared with 3 okra varieties (OK 100, suzie F1 and lady finger). The yield of the two selected local types (421.7 and 415 g/plant) were better than suzie F1 and Lady finger (191.6 and 262.8 g/plant), whereas no significant differences were observed between the local types yield and  OK 100 yield (336.5 g/plant). 

key words:  Types, Individual plant Selection, Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.).

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Reem Rustom* ⁽¹⁾⁽²⁾ , Hassan Obaid⁽¹⁾ and  Khaldoun Taiba⁽²⁾⁽³⁾

(1). Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria.

(2). Administration of Horticulture Research, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Damascus, Syria.

(3). ACSAD, Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Eng. Reem Rustom, E-Mail: reem.rustom@damascusuniversity.edu.sy, Mobile: 0945020680)

Received: 11/06/2023                 Accepted: 1/10/2023

Abstract: 

The research was carried out at the General Commission for Agricultural Scientific Research, Rural Damascus Research Center (Sarghaya and Al-Taybeh Research Stations), during the two agricultural seasons 2019 and 2020, with the aim of studying the effect of environmental factors of the sites where saffron plants (Crocus sativus. L) were planted on the vegetative and flowering growth indicators of plants. The results of the experiment showed that the prevailing climatic conditions in the Sarghaya region increased the indicators of vegetative growth (average length and number of leaves, average number of shoots) and flowering (average number of flowers and their wet weight, average length of stigmas and their dry weight) of saffron plants grown in them compared to their counterparts grown in the conditions of Al-Taybeh region—statistical indications for both seasons. The 2020 season was significantly superior in average leaf length, average number of leaves, average number of shoots, average number of flowers, and average wet weight of flowers (29.36 cm, 160.4 leaves, 6.63 growth, 0.6333 flowers, 0.2193 g) over the 2019 season, while the latter outperformed the 2020 season. With statistical significance in the average length of flower stigmas and dry weight of stigmas (3.592 cm, 0.035 g), the superiority of the second season in most of the studied traits is attributed to the increase in the number of corms per unit area resulting from the mother corms planted in the first season.

Keywords: saffron, environmental factors, Al-Taybeh site, Sarghaya site, vegetative growth, flowering growth, Korma

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Jenan Othman^(1)*and Buthaina Mardn⁽¹⁾

(1). Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen university, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr.Jenan  Othman, E-mail: jenan.othman@gmail.com, 0955205560.)

Received: 31/08/2023                 Accepted: 27/10/2023

Abstract: 

This research was carried out in the nursery of the agricultural faculty at Tishreen University during the spring period of the agricultural season 2021, and aimed to study the effect of foliar spraying with a group of B vitamins on some growth and productivity indicators on potato plants (Spunta cultivar). The study included eight treatments: spraying the plants with vitamins (B1, B2, B3, B6, B9, B12) individually and a mixture of vitamins (Bmix) at a concentration of 100ppm in addition to the control treatment. The experiment was designed according to complete random distribution with three replications. The results of the study showed the positive effect of treating the plants with all the previous different vitamins compared to the control in all the studied indicators (area and leaf surface index, number of tubers, average weight of the tuber, total production and marketing) with a significant superiority of treatment of plants with a mixture of vitamins (bmix).On all treatments: the leaf area (16575cm2/plant) and its index (7.36), plant height (96.5cm), total production (1816g/plant) and the number of tubers.

Keywords: potatoes, vitamins B, Growth, Production.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Mahmoud Abdel-Karim ^(1)*, Camelia Halabi ⁽²⁾ and  Batool Ozone⁽¹⁾

 (1). Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture,  University of Aleppo, Syria.

 (2). Department of Food Sciences – Faculty of Agriculture – Tishreen University, Lattika, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Mahmoud Abdel Karim, E-mail: Madrid198182@yahoo.com).

Received: 14/07/2023                 Accepted: 17/10/2023

Abstract: 

The study was conducted in the Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Aleppo, on the effect of adding clove powder at rates of 0.25%, 0.5%, and 0.75% of the curd weight on the chemical and bacterial properties of cottage cheese made by the acid method. The results showed that the addition of clove powder led to a decrease in the numbers of microorganisms, whether in fresh samples or during cryopreservation, and that the greater the amount of clove powder added, the greater the effect was in stopping the growth and activity of microorganisms, and the best results were when it was added at a rate of 0.75%. It was also observed that the addition of clove powder led to a significant decrease in the number of yeasts and fungi during the cold storage period, and that the higher the percentage of clove powder added, the more significant the decrease. It was also found through the study that the addition of clove powder has reduced to a relative extent the proteolysis and increased the proportion of simple soluble nitrogenous substances, where a significant decrease was observed in the values of non-protein nitrogen and the values of volatile nitrogen in the samples to which clove powder was added compared to the control, and that the addition of clove powder reduced One of the manifestations of cheese spoilage and increased its preservation period compared to the control sample.

Keywords: Quraish cheese, cloves, clove powder, chemical properties of Quraish, and shelf life of Qurais

Full paper in Arabic: pdf