Abd Ulkader Nadaf^(1)*,Maissa Kakeh⁽¹⁾, Khair Al-Din Tarsha Kurdi⁽²⁾, Muhammad Zakaria Zein Al-Din⁽³⁾

(1). Dept.of Renewable Natural Resources and Environment, Faculty of Agriculture, University of  Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria

(2). Dept.of Engineering Materials Science, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of  Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria

(3). Aleppo Chamber of Industry, Ministry of Industry, Aleppo, Syria

(*Corresponding author: Abd Ulkader Nadaf. E-Mail:naddafabdalkadder@gmail.com Tel:+963931815499).

Received:  15/09/2023        Accepted: 31/12/2023

Abstract: 

This research aims to study the physical properties such as moisture content, grammage, imbability and mechanical such as tension and explosion of leaves manufactured from the reed plant (paper-stem-whole parts of the plant) by kraft method without adding any resin and comparing them with the results after adding PVA to determine the areas of use of the resulting leaves. The results of the research showed that the cane plant can be used in the field of paper industries due to the high content of the plant of fiber and the experiment proved the possibility of manufacturing paper samples of the plant and the experiment showed the improvement of the physical and mechanical properties of the paper produced when adding PVA and the high value of the grammage of the paper produced. The research was conducted at the University of Aleppo, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering,Wood Technology Laboratory,in the Department of Renewable Natural Resources and Environment,and the Paper Laboratory in the industrial City of Aleppo on1\7\202.

Keywords: reed, pulp, kraft, Productivity, cellulose, PVA.

 Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Faten alsafadi^*(1), Abdel Mohsen Marie⁽²⁾, Ramzi Murshid⁽³⁾ and Hesham  Alatwani⁽¹⁾

(1). Sweida Research Centre, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Syria.

(2). Administration of Horticulture Research, General Commission for    

 Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria.

(3). Department of Horticulture Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Damascus, Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding Author: Dr. Faten Alsafadi, E.mail:.f.alsafadi@gmail.com .)

Received:17/12/2023                                         Accepted:10/01/2024

Abstract: 

This study was conducted at GCSAR-Swaida research center (Hout station) during 2019-2020 seasons produced by complete diallel mating design, using RCBD with four replications, to estimate the phenotypic and genetic correlation coefficient and path analysis between yield components, to evaluate six melon inbred lines and their F1 hybrids (30 individual hybrids). The results showed that genotypic correlations coefficient were higher than those of their respective phenotypic correlation coefficients for most of the traits studied, and this indicates that there is a strong genetically relationship between the traits, and that they are less influenced by the environment, and we found high and significant positive correlation between length, diameter and average weight of the fruit with yield per plant. The results of the genetic path coefficient analysis showed that the main Stem length trait had the highest  direct and positive effects (0.847) on plant yield, followed by the average fruit length trait, then the average fruit weight trait, and the correlation coefficient between the fruit length and yield and the average fruit weight and plant yield was positive and significant, and this indicates the existence of a real correlation for these two characteristics  with plant yield. while internode length has the highest negative direct effects (-0.804) on yield, followed by the trait of the number of days until the first female flower appears, this trait related with earliness. Regarding to the relative importance of the contribution of each trait on yield. The highest percentage of contribution was for the average fruit weight trait (35.683%). Therefore, the main stem length traits and fruit weight and length of the fruit are considered important traits for selection in breeding programs, because they have a direct effect on yield and indirectly through other characteristics that play an effective role in increasing yield.                                                                          

Keywords: Cucumis melo L., Genotypic Correlations Coefficient, Path Coefficient. Melon, Yield.                                                              

 Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Wafaa Ghandour ⁽¹⁾ and Aya Sweid*⁽¹⁾

(1) . Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Tishreen University, Latakia, Syria. (*Corresponding author:   Aya sweid . E-Mail: aya47583@gmail.com.).

                    Received: 17/10/2024         Accepted: 5/2/2025

Abstract: 

The study was conducted during 2023-2024 after selecting three Latakia governorate locations (Sharifa, Kefriyah , Slunfah) on three environmental  phenotypes belonging to Myrtus communis L the study showed significant differences in the fruit dimensions where the phenotype(A)  that belonging to Slunfah area had the smallest  black fruits, phenotype (B)  of Kefriyah region had medium fruits,  in Sharifa region, the fruits of phenotype (C)  were greater than the previous two phenotypes which reached the size of the fruit (0 .37cm³)  The study showed that the phenotype (A) exceeded the average height of the shrub estimated at 295 cm. The phenotype(C) also exceeded the in the dimensions of the leaf and the area and thickness, as well as exceeding the dimensions and weight of the fruit and the number of seeds inside the fruit in highest amount of chlorophyll a on the other hand the highest amount of carotinoids was found in the phenotype (B) which reflects its good productivity, while the highest amount of carotenoids was found within model B. The soil analysis showed that myrtle grow in low salinity soils; the results of the study demonstrate the influence of environmental factors on the form and physiology of the plant.

Keywords: Myrtus communis .L, phenotypes , chlorophyll pigment, salinity. 

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Samer Al-Hassan Al-Amer ^(1)*

(1). Syrian Grain. Deir Ezzor. Syria

(*Corresponding author:   Samer Al-Hassan Al-amer, Email:  sa10.8.1978am@gmail.com. Phone: 0999384290)                           

Received: 29/8/2023                                      Accepted:7/2/2024

Abstract: 

The research was carried out in the Al-Jalaa palm oasis of the city of Al-Bukamal in Deir Ezzor governorate during the month of September of the year 2021AD until August of the year 2022 AD. A field study was conducted of the palm taste borer, Oryctes elegans, to determine the sensitivity of some palm cultivars / Brim , khstawy , Barhi , Zhdy , khdrawy , Barhi  / to infection with this pest. The results of the field survey showed the presence of five types of palm diggers in Al-Jalaa Oasis, which are Jebusaea hammerschmidti, Iranian Jebusaea persica, Oryctes elegans, Oryctes sinaicus, and Phonapta  frontales, and the predominant type was O. elegans.The types of diggers varied in their numerical density. The most common diggers of the genus Oryctes ssp in the oasis were the diggers of the genus Oryctes elegans, with their presence reaching 79%, while the percentage of the presence of Jebusaea persica. 12 %, while the type P. frontales was 9 %. The peak activity of Oryctes elegans, Jebusaea persica and P. frontales during July and August 2022 was 683 , 121 , 117 beetle in the three traps in the oasis.The Prim palm variety was the most sensitive variety to infection with the palm tree borer infestation, where the number of affected leaves per palm tree was 10.66 .the number of hotes ade by beetle larvae was 12.33 holes per palm tree . and the total average number of larvae per palm tree14. As for the Barhi variety .it was the least sensitive variety to beetle infestation. As the number of affected leaves per palm tree was 7 leaves. The number of larvae present per palm tree was 5 and the number of holes produced by the larvae was 2.33 per palm tree. There was a high correlation between the numbers of O. elegans larvae and the resulting holes, with a correlation coefficient of 0.98.

Keywords: palm taste borer, palm varieties, palm taste borer insect Oryctes. elegans.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Shadi faskha^*(1) , Bahaa Al rahban⁽²⁾,  Ghiwa nehmeh⁽¹⁾ , and Basel Darwish⁽¹⁾

(1). Tartous Agriculture Research Center, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria.

(2). Administration of plant protection Research, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Shadi Faskha, E-Mail: shadifaskha5@gmail.com, Mob: 0933766201)

Received: 28/09/2023                   Accepted:23/01/2024

Abstract: 

The lethal effect of the two bioinsecticides azdrachtin (Nimpicidin 1%) and emamectin benzoate (Contact 50 g/kg) on adults and second instar larvae of the citrus mealybug predator Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant was studied under laboratory conditions.The results showed that direct treatment of azdrachtin and emamectin benzoate on the abdomens of adult insects and secondinstar larvae led to a death rate of 44.96% and 68.92% after 72 hours, respectively.On the other hand, the results of the effect of the dry residues of the two insecticides showed that the azdrachtin caused the death of 16 and 68% of adult insects and secondinstar larvae of the predator after 72 hours of exposure, respectively. While for emamectin benzoate, it was 92 and 84%, respectively. According to the standards of the International Organization for Biological Control (IOBC),azdrachtin came in first class (1- harmless) in terms of the effect of residues on adult insects, while emamectin benzoate came in the third class (3 = moderately harmful) in terms of the effect of residues on insects adults and larvae.

Keywords: azdirachtin, emamectin benzoate, Cryptolaemus montrouzieri, side effect.

Full Paper in Arabic: pdf

Ahmed Al-Yassin Al-kashami⁽¹⁾, Rawaa H. Tlay^*(2) and Haider Al-Maamouri⁽³⁾

(1). Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture Engineering.

(2). Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture Engineering, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria.

(3). Department of Life Science, Faculty of Education for Pure Sciences, Wasit University, Iraq.

(*Corresponding author: Assistant Professor, Dr. Rawaa H. Tlay, E-mail: rawaa.tlay@damascusuniversity.edu.sy, rawaa751@gmail.com).    

                  Received: 5/2/2025                    Accepted: 16/3/2025

Abstract: 

This research was carried out in the laboratories of the Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering – Damascus University, in the period between 2023-2024, the research aimed to prepare the powder of three varieties of low-quality dates (Burim, Zuhdi, Al-Dairi) and study its chemical composition and use it as an alternative to sugar in the manufacture of biscuits and show its effect on physical properties, sensory indicators and color indicators for processed biscuit samples, as sugar was replaced with date powder in proportions of (15, 30, 100)%. The results of the research showed that the prepared date powders contain high levels of carbohydrates ranging from (89.33 – 91.23)%, which can be a source of sweetening well, and the results indicated that the increase in the percentage of replacement gradually from (15 – 100) % led to a decrease in the diameter of the samples of manufactured biscuits, which ranged between (30.11 – 32.28 mm) compared to the sample of biscuits control (38.12 mm), on the other hand, the increase in the percentage of replacement had a positive effect in increasing the thickness of the biscuit piece, which ranged Between (5.81-6.32 mm) Compared to the control sample (5.23 mm), as for the expansion coefficient, it was found that the higher the percentage of sugar replaced with date powder, the lower the expansion coefficient (4.73-5.52), while it reached in the control sample (7.25). The addition of date powders to the biscuit samples had a significant effect on the values of color indicators, as with the increase in the percentage of replacement, the degree of darkness of the biscuit color increased, and the biscuit sample manufactured from Zuhdi date powder by (30) % had the best effect in improving the sensory characteristics and general acceptance of the residents.

Keywords: Biscuits, Organoleptic Properties, Physical Properties, Date Powder, Color Indicators.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Khozama AL-Saleh * ⁽¹⁾   Ahmad AL-Jurdi⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Soil and Lands Reclamation, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Homs University. Homs Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Khozama AL-Saleh. Email Syrianlavender1985@gmail.com.)

                        Received: 19/1/2025            Accepted: 19/3/2025

Abstract: 

The study aimed to assess the relationship between changes in land use/land cover (LULC) and total Nitrogen and phosphorus loss in AL-Abrash River basin in west Syria. SWAT model was used in modeling the simulation relationship between LULC changes on total nitrogen and phosphorus loads. Results of SWAT simulation showed the yearly losses of total nitrogen and phosphorus reached 19.72 kg and 1.45 Kg/Km², respectively. the highest loads of total nitrogen were in the upper parts of the basin. In general, the spatial distribution of the loads of phosphorus was closely similar to loads of total nitrogen. Sub-basins (5.15.23.25) were the highest loads. Results showed positive correlations (P< 0.05) following the direction of LULC changes between 2018-2021.The increase in built-up and agricultural lands were 0.46, and 3.61% of study area, respectively. High loss of Total nitrogen and phosphorus are concentrated in the built-up, agricultural lands, respectively. These results contribute in better understanding of water management, reduce the pollution in the basin and develop the strategies of lands management and improve the water quality in the region.

Keywords: Land use/Land Cover, AL-Abrash Basin, Total Nitrogen and Phosphorus Losses, Swat Model.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Daoud Malouk^*(1)

(1). Member of the educational technical body (officer-in-charge), Ministry of Higher Education – University of Hama – College of Agriculture. Hama – Salmeah.

(*Corresponding author: Daoud Malouk, email: dawod_81@hotmail.com, Phone: 0338811109, Mobile: 0992765291).

                   Received: 5/8/2024                    Accepted: 26/1/2025

Abstract: 

The aim of this work is to investigate the influence of variable temperature (ambient temperature) on anaerobic digestion and biogas production of broad beans wastes (BW). The experiment tests have been carried out at two factors which are constant temperature of 37 C°, and the others is of variable temperature in the range of (7 – 13 C°). A set of lab anaerobic digesters of 1 litter has been used to execute the experimental work, which has a period of 30 days. The produced biogas under constant temperature condition was 262 LN/Kg VS which is 167.3% more than that produced under variation temperature condition which was 98 LN / Kg VS. The pH of the anaerobic digestion process was measured daily using a specially designed laboratory device. The measured pH values were suitable for the anaerobic digestion process and ranged between (5.4 – 8.8). The high organic matter content of BW and the richness of this residues in carbohydrates, make it a good material to product biogas. 

Keyword: Biogas, Anaerobic digestion, variable temperature, broad beans wastes.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Bassam Ibrahim Oudeh⁽¹⁾

⁽¹⁾ Agricultural Scientific Research Center at Homs

*  Corresponding: Bassam Ibrahim Oudeh, E-mail B_oudeh@hotmail.com, Telephone: 0988284819

                         Received: 23/08/2023                   Accepted:23/01/2024

Abstract: 

Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Schrank, 1781). fig trees were sprayed five Repellent substances (extract Melia azedarach L., extract Styrax officinalis L., Sulfur powder, micron Sulfur, Summer oil) are sprayed at arrival number of pests on tree to economic threshold 1 pest/ leaf. Average efficacy on nymphs were (93.6, 91.1, 89.5, 82.8, 60.1%), and on adults were (91.2, 89.2, 83.8, 74.3, 57.2%) respectively. M. azedarach extract gave the highest efficient in death and repellent the pest compared with other repellent substances, then followed with S. officinalis extract, while Summer oil was the least efficient. The results of statistical analysis appeared that their effects were significant between treatments (M. azedarach and S. officinalis) and other treatments at level 5%. It may be possible to use M. azedarach in an integrated pest management (IPM) as alternatives to traditional insecticides efficient and healthy on the environment.

Key words: Acari, Tyrophagus putrescentiae (S.), fig, control, plant extract.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Hanan Kurabi *⁽¹⁾

(1). Food Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Aleppo, Syria. (*Corresponding author: Dr Hanan Kurabi. E-Mail: hanansrn76@gmail.com , Tel:0988944300)

Received:20/10/2024                  Accepted: 9/2/2025

Abstract: 

The research aimed to compare the microbial quality of raw cow’s milk treated with pasteurization and treated with ozone, and to evaluate the effect of different ozone doses on some physical and chemical properties of sterilized skimmed milk samples inoculated with some pathogenic bacteria, in addition to compare the effect of ozone on Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. The research was carried out in the microbiology  laboratory in the Department of Food Sciences at the Faculty of Agricultural Engineering at the University of Aleppo during the period from February to June 2024.The results showed a clear decrease in the initial microbial load of milk, whether in milk samples thermally treated with pasteurization or treated with ozone, it was found that treating milk with ozone for 5 minutes at a rate of 400 mg O3/hour had no effect on the microbial quality, while treating raw milk with ozone for 25 minutes at a rate of 400 mg/O3 hour led to ten-tenth reductions in the natural milk flora. All of this had a positive effect on milk quality and increased shelf life. No significant changes were observed in the physical and chemical properties. Gram-negative bacteria was more affected by ozone treatment than gram-positive bacteria.

Keywords: milk, ozone, pathogenic bacteria, microbial quality.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF