Maher AlAbrash^*(1) Yahia Kamari⁽²⁾ and Mahmoud Khudour⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Aleppo. Aleppo, Syria.

(2). Aleppo Research Center, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research GCSAR, Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Eng. Maher AlAbrash. E-Mail: almaher99a@gmail.com). 

Received: 16/10/2019                               Accepted: 30/11/2019

Abstract

The research was carried out in Homs governorate using ornamental hawthorn (Pyracantha coccinea) seeds to study the effect of several factors (fruit color, date of planting, imbedding, GA3) on germination. The seeds were collected from two kinds of fruits (red and orange) and planted in two different dates (autumn and spring) after being treated with cold imbibed for (30 and 60) days and with different concentrations of GA3 (200, 400 and 600) PPM for five hours, in addition to the control. The results showed that there were no significant differences in the germination criteria studied between the fruit color (orange and red), while the spring date exceeded the autumn date in the germination percentage, which reached (27.5 – 19.4 %) respectively. The results also showed that all treatments exceeded the control, where germination rate was (0%), while treatment with GA3 (400) PPM and cold imbibed for 60 days gave the highest germination rate (35.8-57.5 %) respectively. As for the combined effect of the studied factors, the treatment that exceeded the other factors was 400 PPM of GA3, and the seeds that were taken from orange fruits in the spring time where the germination rate reached ((70%.

Keywords: Ornamental hawthorn, Seed propagation, GA3, Imbedding, Planting date.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Mohammed Jalal AlKhaleel^*(1) Walid Mansou⁽¹⁾ Yahya Kamari⁽²⁾ and Nowras AlAbras⁽³⁾

(1). Renewable Natural Resources and Environment Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria.

(2). Research Center of Aleppo, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research GCSAR, Damascus, Syria.

(3). General Organization of Biotechnology, Ministry of Higher Education, Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Eng. Mohammed Jalal AlKhaleel. E-Mail: mustabshr@gmail.com).

Received: 01/05/2019                               Accepted: 15/04/2019

Abstract

This study was aimed to determine the effect of the water extract of the mistletoe plant on seeds germination of its two main hosts (Amygdalus communis and A. orientalis), and to evaluate the continuous effect of the extract on seedling growth which emergence from treated seeds. Completely randomized design was used with three replications. The treatments were the control besides the treated ones with mistletoe’s leaves extract with a ratio of 50 g ground dried leaves/L). The mistletoe leaves were collected from Al Kalamoun and Sweida sites from parasitic plants on several hosts during spring of 2018. The normal and oriental almonds which were collected from Al Kalamoun site during 2017 season were used. The study was conducted at the laboratories of the Faculty of Agricultural Engineering in Aleppo University and the Agricultural Scientific Research Center in Aleppo. The results showed that the treated seeds with mistletoe extract affected negatively the percentage of germination of both normal and oriental almonds (73.3 and 20.0%), as compared to the control (90 and 53.3%) respectively. Also, the effect of the mistletoe extract was negative on the average of the vegetative area of the plants, where it was decreased in the oriental almonds by 26% and by 16.2% in the normal almonds. The average growth rate of the normal almond plant was faster than that of the oriental almonds in length and leaf area. Therefore, the highest effect of mistletoes on the normal almond seedlings was observed on the vegetative length (19%). While the highest effect of mistletoe extract on oriental almonds was observed on the leaf area (26%). The effect of mistletoe extract was higher on wet weight of the seedlings than that of the dry matter weight, while, the dry matter accumulated in the oriental almond seedlings was affected more than the normal almond seedlings.

Keywords: Mistletoe, Common almond, Eastern almond, Aqueous extract.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Mohammad Salem Altarawneh^(1)* Radi Abdalmajeed Altarawneh⁽¹⁾ Ebraheem  Suliman Altahat⁽²⁾ and Ali  Abdullah Gharaibeh⁽³⁾

(1). Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Faculty of Agriculture, Jerash University, Jerash, Jordan.

(2). Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.

(3). Jordan Customs Directorate, Amman, Jordan.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Mohammad Altarawneh, E-Mail: m.tarawneh@jpu.edu.jo).

Received: 01/01/2020                               Accepted: 15/06/2020

Abstract

This study comes to reveal the farmer’s perception of the level of accountability in agricultural extension in Jordan, and the effect of some social and economic characteristics on this perception. In this study, the researcher relied on the quantitative and analytical approach, whereby a sample consisting of 264 farmers was taken, and a descriptive analysis was used to estimate the degree of farmers’ perception of the level of accountability in agricultural extension in Jordan. Logistic regression analysis was also used to investigate the impact of participants ‘social and economic characteristics on farmers’ perception of the level of accountability. The study concluded that the level of accountability of extension services as viewed by farmers has come at a moderate degree, as it was found that the age, qualification, number of family members and the number of times of communication affect positively, while the value of the impact of the number of family members has an adverse effect. As for gender, experience, income, style, training, and marital status, they were not statistically significant in their effect. Based on the results, the study recommends conducting awareness-raising seminars for farmers about their rights as clients in the extension process, and that the design of agricultural extension policies be based on ensuring extension accountability by farmers, and that agricultural extension systems in the public sector in Jordan undertake reforms that include demand-based approaches Decentralization to increase the impact of extension on agriculture and agricultural growth in Jordan.

Key words: Agricultural Extension, Accountability, Jordan.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Moataz Eliw Mostafa Ahmed^*(1) and Mohamed. A. Elsamie Abd Elsayed⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Assuit, Egypt.

(*Corresponding Author: Moataz Eliw Mostafa Ahmed. E-mail: moatazeliw@azhar.edu.eg)

Received: 03/04/2020                               Accepted: 23/06/2020

Abstract

Egypt suffers from insufficient domestic production for domestic consumption of maize. Estimation of future needs of this crop is one of essential tools that may help in setting plans to reduce the gap and minimize the financial burdens resulting from importing Maize. The research aimed mainly to predict the economic variables of the maize in Egypt through ARIMA models. The results showed that the Egyptian production of Maize in 2020, 2021 and 2022 is expected to reach 6.427 million tons, while the Egyptian consumption of the crop in the same years is expected to reach 12.168 million tons. Thus, the apparent gap of maize in Egypt will be about 5.741 million tons. Therefore, the value of Egyptian imports of this crop is expected to be about 1.097, 1.089, and $ 1.084 million in 2020, 2021 and 2022, respectively. The research recommended establishing a database on the future status of maize in Egypt that helps decision-makers in drawing up various incentive policies.

Keywords: Maize, ARIMA Models, Production, Consumption, Egypt.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Ibrahim Hmdan Sakr⁽¹⁾ Ryad Tawfik Zidan⁽²⁾ and Mosa Marhig*⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen  University, Latakia. Syria.

(2). Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Latakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Eng. Mosa Marhig. E-Mail: mosa.marhij@gmail.com).

Received: 11/03/2019                               Accepted: 07/05/2019

Abstract

The research was carried out at Banias region in ​​Tartous governorate, Syria, during the agricultural season 2018/2017. The aim of the research was to study the reality of protected cultivation tomato in Tartous governorate in general and Banias region in particular through the calculation of revenues and costs. 225 questionnaires were distributed to the farmers in 12 villages in Banias, where most of tomato greenhouse farmers are concentrated in the long season. The indicators of economic analysis were then used to analyze data to produce and interpret results. The results showed an increase in production costs in the long season. The production costs amounted to 1264173.19 SP, but also accompanied by an increase in the total production. The total production amounted to 1800000 SP, which covered the production costs and increases the profit value of the farmers, which amounted to 535826.81 SP and the economic efficiency coefficient reached 1.42. The results recommended the necessity of working to reduce the value of agricultural production requirements, and to provide them with acceptable price, in line with the farmers’ incomes, and to highlight the role of agricultural organizations and cooperative societies in securing these requirements and prevent the monopoly of traders and support and encourage protected agriculture in the studied area, because of its high economic importance, and outstanding role in raising the standard of living and securing employment opportunities.

Key words: Tomatoes, Revenue, Costs, Protected agriculture, Economic efficiency, Long season.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Bilal Natiq Abdul-Wahhab⁽¹⁾ Ammar Talib Dhiab Al-Tememy⁽²⁾ Basim Abboud Abbas^*(2)

(1). General Company for Agricultural Supplies, Ministry of Agriculture, Iraq.

(2). Department of Animal Production, College of Agriculture, University of Diyala, Iraq.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Basim Abboud Abbas. E-Mail: bsmmuhandis@yahoo.com).

Received: 18/05/2020                               Accepted: 23/07/2020

Abstract

The experiment was carried out at a closed poultry hall, Animal Production Department, College of Agriculture, Diyala University, during the period from 23/9 to 10/28. A total of 405 one-day old chicks, from Ross-308 strain were used, in order to study the effect of the density and location of the breeding hall on the rate of live body weight, average weekly weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion efficiency and the mortality rate. A complete randomized design was used to perform the statistical analysis with two factors and three replications. The results showed a significant effect of density 10 and 15 birds/m² on body weight, weight gain and nutritional conversion efficiency. In terms of feed intake, the density 15 birds /m² had a significant effect. No significant effect of site was noticed on body weight, feed intake and feed conversion efficiency. Regarding weight increase, the effect was significant at the end of the hall, while the weight increased significantly with the density 10 at the end of the hall. The effect of density 15 at the end of the hall, and density 10 at the middle of the hall had no significant effects compared with the other densities and locations. The results of the mortality rate indicated a significant effect of density 10 and 20, where the lowest mortality rate. The results of the study recommend the use of a density of 10 and 15 birds/m², taking into account the provision of the same environmental conditions for all locations of the breeding hall.

Key words: Bird density, Rearing site, Closed poultry hall, Broiler.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Abdul Naser Al-Omar^*(1) and Morshid Kassouha⁽²⁾

(1). Hama Research Center, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GSCAR), Damascus, Syria.

(2). Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hama University, Hama, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Abdul Naser Al-Omar. E-Mail: abdnaser64@gmail.com).

Received: 30/03/2020                               Accepted: 01/05/2020

Abstract

This study  was carried out on 1200 heads of Awassi sheep in Hama governorate, 600 heads of them from governmental sector, from which 162 samples of ticks were collected. Also, 600 heads from private sector, from which 279 samples of ticks were collected. Samples collecting lasted one year (2012), ticks samples were preserved in ethyl (70%) until  laboratory testing time. Sheep were selected randomly and checked up clinically in order to know ticks infection prevalence and determine its genus, species, the effect of season, animal age  and the places of parasitism on animal body. Ticks were determined through morphological descriptions by using microscope according to followed standard definition keys. Results showed that the average ticks infection  prevalence in Awassi sheep in the governmental and private sector for whole the year amounted 36.74%  (27% in governmental sector and 46.5% in private sector). It was noticed that there was a significant difference (p<0.01) between ticks infection ratios and the year season where the  most of infections in spring and summer and the less infections in autumn and winter. Also, it was noticed a  significant difference (p<0.01) in infection ratios according to animals ages where the highest of infection ratio was in age group between (2-4) years old which amounted in the two sectors governmental and private 22.97%, and 51.73% respectively, while the less infection ratio was in age group smaller than one year which amounted 17.7% and 35.52% for governmental and private sector respectively.  Eight species of ticks were determined and isolated in Awassi sheep in study area, which followed to two genus at significant difference (p<0.01) of prevalence ratios that  were Hyalamma  spp in high rate amounted  2.5% of total isolations, where (5) species of Hyalamma spp  were diagnosed that called H. anatolicum  excavatum at total rate of (48.07%), H. truncatum (22.22%), H. impeltatum (14.5%), H. marginatum  marginatum(9.07%) and H. lusitanicum (4.08%). Also three types of Rhipicephalus genus were  diagnoses that called: Rh. Turanicus  (1.58%), Rh . camicasi and Rh. Sangaineus  with the same rate (0.45% ) of total isolations. This study recommended to use ticks pesticide periodically specially seasons of numerously ticks prevalence with the necessity to follow  an existence of resistance in some isolated species against pesticides and medicines used for controlling .

Keys word: prevalence of ticks, Awassi sheep, Hama governorate, Syria.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Hasan Emad Almasri⁽¹⁾ Abdul Rahman Al-Darwish⁽¹⁾ and Hiba Albadee^*(1)

(1).Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Hiba Albadee. E-Mail:  hibaalbadee@gmail.com).

Received: 25/06/2019                               Accepted: 06/09/2019

Abstract

The current research was executed to evaluate the effect of non-genetic factors such as age and weight of ewe at lambing, type of birth, calving month and sex of lamb on chemical composition of Awassi sheep milk (fats, protein and non-fat solids SNF) in Minyan, west of Aleppo, during the period 2015-2018. The overall mean of fats, protein  and non-fat solids of milk were (7.20 ± 1.10, 6.35 ± 1.15 and 11.89 ± 1.31%), respectively. The results of the study showed that age of ewe had a highly significant effect (P<0.01) on  milk composition. The highest values of fats (8.50%), protein (7.62%) and non-fat solids of milk (13.35%) were obtained for 4-year-old ewes. Weight of ewe at lambing had a highly significant effect (P<0.01) on milk composition. The highest fats value of milk (7.95%) was found for ewes weighing over 60 kg, whereas the highest values of protein (6.73%) and non-fat solids of milk (12.36%) were found for ewes weighing less than 50 kg. Type of birth had a highly significant effect (P<0.01) on milk composition. Individual birth surpassed twin birth for fats, protein and non-fat solids of milk (7.57, 6.37 and 11.91 versus 6.32, 5.52 and 10.87%). Calving month had a significant effect (P<0.05) on fats and highly significant effect (P<0.01) on protein and non-fat solids of milk. The highest values of fats (7.69%), protein (7.55%) and non-fat solids of milk ((13.27%) were obtained from ewes that born in October, while the lowest values (6.75, 4.90 and 10.10%) were achieved in January and February, respectively. Sex of lamb had a highly significant effect (P<0.01) on milk composition. Male birth ewes (7.55%) surpassed females (6.84%) for fats in milk, whereas female birth ewes surpassed males for protein and non-fat solids of milk (6.39 and 11.95 versus 5.84 and 11.25%), respectively. It is concluded from the research that most of the studied factors have an important effect on milk quality of Awassi sheep, which requires studying them, determining their impact and attention to the administrative aspects of the herd, to raise the level of performance and maximize the economic return. 

Key words: Awassi sheep, Milk composition, Non-genetic factors.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Malaz AlBasha^*(1)

(1). Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Malaz Albasha. E-Mail: malazalbasha9@gmail.com).

Received: 29/01/2019                               Accepted: 12/04/2019

Abstract

The present study was conducted between the beginning of May to the end of August in 2017, where the plant was collected from the fields of Deir Al-Zour. The active componentsof theaerial parts and roots of Achillea FalcataL. were extracted using different solventsofmethanol 70%, ethanol 80%, methanol 99.9%, ethanol 96%, chloroform 99.8% and hexane 98.5%. The ethanol 80% extracts achieved the highest extraction in both aerial parts and roots. Qualitative phytochemical screening ofcarbohydrates,tannins and saponin in previous extracts was done where the carbohydrates was presented in high concentrations in Achillea Falcata L. The content of flavonoids was determined and it was found that ethanol 80% extracts achieved the highest percentage in both aerial parts (59.21mg/g) and roots (25.26mg/g) of Achillea Falcata L. The total antioxidant activity was estimated by the DPPH radical scavenging activity and it was found that methanol 70% extracts achieved the highest percentage in both aerial parts (78.42%)  and roots (64.83%) extracts of Achillea Falcata L. in comparison with other studied extracts. One compound was isolated and studied from Achillea Falcata L. extract which is Luteoline, by using spectroscopic and chromatographic methods (UV, IR and HPLC).

Key words: Antioxidant activity, Achillea falcate L., Active components, Ethanol extract, Methanol extract, Free radical DPPH.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Mahmoud Khateeb⁽¹⁾ Aziza Ajouri⁽¹⁾ Yousef Khoudary⁽¹⁾ and Ahmad Shams Aldien Shaaban^*(2)

(1). Soil Science and Land Reclamation Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria.

(2). Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Technical Engineering, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria.

(*Correspondent Author: Dr. Ahmad Shams Al-Dien Shaaban shaabany57@gmail.com).

Received: 27/01/2019                               Accepted: 15/04/2019

Abstract

A pot experiment was carried out at the Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, University of Aleppo, during the 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 seasons in order to study the efficiency of fertilization by Fe and Cu on the productivity of lentil, variety (Idleb1) on calcareous soil. Completely randomized block design was used with five treatments: Copper sulfate and copper chelate with application level of (2 kg/ha), iron sulfate and iron chelate with concentration of (5 kg/ha), and control. Lentil plants had significant response to Fe and Cu when added as chelate. Fe concentrations in soil were 5.21, 5.04, 4.39 ppm for iron chelate, iron sulfate and copper chelate respectively, these treatments had superiority comparing with control. Highest concentration for Cu in soil was 1.18 ppm at copper chelate treatment, and it had a significant difference with other treatments. The concentration of Fe in plant tissues varied between (29.98-33.34 ppm) at first season and between (29.46-33.99 ppm) at second season. Whereas, the concentration of Cu in plant tissues varied between (20.59-25.25 ppm) at first season and between (20.42-25.46 ppm) at second season. The concentration of Fe in seed varied between (34.45-38.32 ppm) at first season and between (34.02-38.13 ppm) at second season. Whereas, the concentration of Cu in seed varied between (18.35-23.16 ppm) at first season and between (18.15-23.20 ppm) at second season. Also, the mean of two seasons showed highest increasing in biological yield (45.6%, 23.8%) for application of Fe chelates and Cu chelates respectively comparing with control. The grain yield increased by ratio 9.3, 13.6, 27.1 and 32.9% for Cu sulfate, Fe sulfate, Cu chelate and Fe chelate respectively compared with control.

Key Words:, Fe, Cu, Chellat, sulfate, Lentil.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF