Jasim M. Aziz Al-Jobouri ^*(1)  Barzan A. Mohamed Al-Mafraji⁽²⁾  and Omar A. Ahmad Al-Tamimi⁽³⁾

(1). Collage of Agriculture, Tikrit University, Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research. Iraq.

(2). Kirkuk Agricultural Directorate, Ministry of Agriculture, Iraq.

(3). Seed Inspection and Certification, Ministry of Agriculture, Iraq.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Jasim M. Aziz al-Jobouri. Email:  jasim.m.aziz56@gmail.com).

Received: 17/08/2020                               Accepted: 22/09/2020

Abstract

Twenty-one genotypes of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were used in this study, which were planted in three locations (Hawija, Al-Alam, and Baladruz) within the governorates of Kirkuk, Salah Al-Din and Diyala in Iraq, using a complete random block design and with three replications. Data were recorded on the characteristics; number of days to spikes, plant height, leaf area, number of grains per spike, number of spikes per plant, weight of 1000 grains, grain yield, biological yield, harvest index, protein content and gluten content.  Genotype 38 exceeded all genotypes in earliness of heading (101.6 days), number of grains per spike (60.8), number of spikes (561.4 spikes/m^-2), weight of a thousand grains (51.9 g), grain yield (923.7 g), the biological yield (2099 g), harvest index (44) and protein and gluten percentages (16.8 and 66.6%) respectively, also this genotypes was tolerant to yellow rust, and according to the interaction between genotypes and locations, the genotype 38 showed its superiority in most important characteristics, including the grain yield over the three locations, so it could be recommend and launched as a vareity of bread wheat in agriculture.

Key words:  Bread wheat, Genotypes, Yellow rust, Grain Yield.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Razan Al Najjar*⁽¹⁾ Saoud Shehab⁽¹⁾ and Mohammad Ali Ali⁽¹⁾

(1).  Crops Research Administration, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research GCSAR, Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Razan Al Najjar. E-Mail: razanhamoda2009@gmail.com).

Received: 25/01/2019                               Accepted: 09/05/2019

Abstract

The study was carried out at Corn Research Department, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria, during 2011 and 2012 seasons, to estimate the correlation, and path coefficients of some phenological, morphological and yield components traits i.e. days to silking (days),  ear height (cm),  ear length (cm), ear diameter(cm), number of rows per ear, number of grains per row, 100-kernels weight (g)  and grain yield per  plot (ton/ha). In this study, SH maize families were used, which were improved by half sib and full-sib selection by the National Program in Syria. The experiment was conducted using randomized completely block design (RCBD with three replications. The results showed a significant positive correlation between grain yield, and all the studied  traits and the correlations in both selection methods of the traits were: r²=r (r²₌0.82*،0.76*) for days to silking, while the correlation values for ear height, ear length and ear diameter were (r²₌0.85*, and 0.79*) , (r²₌0.67**, and 0.63**), (r²₌0.86*, and 0.79*)  respectively, but for number of grains per row it reached (0.73**, 0.68**) and for number of rows per ear it attained (r²₌0.88*, and 0.82*), finally for 100 grain weight it reached (r²₌0.85*, and 0.80*). According to that, those traits were considered selection criteria to improve grain yields in maize. The study of path analysis revealed that each of ear height, 100 grain weight and number of rows per ear were the most studied traits that contributed to grain yield, which gave the highest values of direct effects on yield status and the percentage of contribution to the total traits studied by the two selection methods were (89.08.77.11) % and thus they could be used as a selection criterion for improving grain yield of maize crop.

Key word: Correlation coefficient, Path coefficient, Grain yield components, Maize.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Ali Abdulhamid Saleh^*(1) Mohammed Moalla⁽¹⁾ and Nizar Harba⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria

(* Corresponding author: Eng. Ali Saleh. E-Mail: ali-saleh@outlook.sa).

Received: 21/09/2019                               Accepted: 07/12/2019

Abstract

A half-diallel cross was carried out among three varieties of Faba bean cultivated in Syria. Crosses and parents were evaluated at the Syrian coast in a village of Sindyanet Obin, which is located in the eastern countryside of Safita, Tartous governorate, during the growing seasons 2016/17 and 2017/18. The cultivation was carried out according to the randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates, with the aim of estimating heterosis, general and specific combining abilities for 100-seed weight/g, plant height (cm), number of pods per plant and productivity seeds per plant. Results reveal highly significant variations between varieties and crosses for all the studied traits, indicating a wide genetic variability for this traits and the possibility of genetic improvement using such genetic pools of faba bean. Both general (GCA) and specific (SCA) combining abilities were significant for all the studied traits revealing the important role of both additive and non-additive gene action in the inheritance of these traits. The results indicated that the magnitude of additive genetic variance (A) was positive and lower than those of non-additive (D) for all studied traits, indicating that non-additive gene action played a major role in the inheritance of these traits. All crosses exhibited high significant positive heterosis relative to mid and better parent for 100-seed weight. Heterosis values were also highly significant and ranged between 34.78 – 94.79 (P₂×P₃) and between 91.75 – 141.56 (P₁×P₃) for the number of pods per plants and productivity seeds per plant, respectively. The Cypriot (P₂) proved to be a good combiner for all studied traits (4.578, 11.244, 4.911 and 13.689) for plant height (cm), 100-seed weight/g, number of pods per plant and productivity seeds per plant, respectively). Both crosses (P₁×P₃) 9.967, 28.300, 23.967 and (P₂×P₃) 13.700, 15.367, 10.9 exhibited highly significant and positive SCA effects for plant height (cm), 100-seed weight and productivity seeds per plant, respectively. It was suggested to introduce Cypriot variety (P₂) and both crosses (P₁×P₃) and (P₂×P₃) in the breeding programs of this crop.

Key words: Faba bean, Half diallel cross, General and Specific combining ability, Heterosis.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Obada Attaf⁽¹⁾ Sawsan Haifa⁽¹⁾ Rabie Zaina⁽²⁾ and Majd Darwish*⁽³⁾

(1). Soil and Land Sciences. Faculty of Agriculture. Tishreen University. Lattakia. Syria.

(2). Agricultural Research Center in Latakia, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research GCSAR, Damascus, Syria.

(3). Field Crops Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(* Corresponding author: Dr. Majd Darwish. Lattakia. Syria. E-mail: majds26@yahoo.com).

Received: 23/05/2019                               Accepted: 15/07/2019

Abstract

The experiment was carried out at the Agricultural Research Station, Setkhiris, Lattakia, during the agricultural season 2018, according to the randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates per treatment. The research aimed to study the effect of drip irrigation and potassium fertilization that was added to irrigation water or directly to soil on tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum var. Virginie vk51), and on some physical soil properties (bulk density (g/cm³) and total porosity (%)), and morphological and physiological characteristics (the number of leaves per plant, plant leaf area (m²)), and yield of fresh and dry leaves (kg/1000 m²), besides the content of dry tobacco leaf with biochemical compounds (the total protein and the soluble sugars, nicotine (%)) and some mineral oxides (K₂O)). The drip irrigation method with potassium fertilization reduced the bulk soil density, that was positively reflected on the increase of the total porosity during the agricultural season, and increased number of leaves per plant and plant leaf area, and giving the highest fresh yield of leaves (2120.7 kg/1000 m²) and dry yield of leaves (441.31 kg/m²), especially when the whole potassium fertilizer was added to the irrigation water, as well as improving the quality of dry tobacco, where the total protein and nicotine content (%) decreased, and the percentage (%) of total soluble sugars increased. According to the results, it could be proposed the use the drip irrigation method with potassium fertilization added to irrigation water, considering to its significant role in stimulating the growth of the Virginie variety and in improving the quality of tobacco produced.

Keyword: Drip irrigation, Potassium fertilization, Virginie tobacco, Nicotine.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Mohammad Abdel Aziz^*(1)

(1). Crops Field Department. Faculty of Agriculture. Tishreen University. Latakia. Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Mohammad Abdel Aziz. E-Mail: mabdelaziz74@hotmail.com).

Received: 05/04/2019                               Accepted: 07/05/2019

Abstract

The experiment was carried out during 2015 and 2016 seasons at Arab EL-Melk Village, Banias area, Tartous Governorate, Syria, to study the effect of seed size of peanut plant (mixture, small, medium and large) and spraying bread yeast (control, one spray and twice) on plant leaf area (PLA), leaf area index (LA), net assimilation rate (NAR) and yield and dry mater per plant. The experiment arranged according to split plot in a randomized complete block with four replications. The size of seeds allocated in the maine plots and the yeast sparing  in the sub plots. The large seeds gave better plant leaf area (1653.34) , leaf area index (2.22), yield (64.69) g, net assimilation rate of dry pod (0.216) ton/ha/week and dry mater (0.561) ton/ha/week, compared to the other seeds sizes. The spraying with bread yeast once and twice significantly increased for all parameter studied compared to the control, and the spraying twice gave better LA (1678) , LAI (2.25), yield pod/plant (63.68)g, NAR of pods (0.247) ton/ha/week and NAR for dry matter (0.576) ton/ha/week. The interaction between (large size seeds x twice sprays) gave the highest values in PLA (1820.50) <size seeds Xith minetioed above LAI (2.48), yههield plant (73.01) g, NAR for dry pods (0.266) ton/ha/week and (0.597) ton/ha/week for dry matter. while the interaction between (small seed size with the control). Gave the lowest values. The results indicated that the small seeds should be avoided from planting and bread yeast should be applied for two times, the first at 50% of flowering and the second at full flowering plants, because these treatments gave high production.

Key word: Peanut, Seed size, Bread yeast, Leaf area, Net assimilation rate.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Jamil Abbas⁽¹⁾ Karim Al Hamwi⁽²⁾ and Dima Khalil^*(1)

(1). Forestry and Environment Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria.

(2). Al Aga Khan Institution for Development, Salamieh, Syria.

(3). Directorate of Crops, Agricultural Research Center in Salamieh, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research GCSAR, Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Eng. Dima Khalil. E-Mail: Dimakhalil411@gmail.com).

Received: 02/09/2019                               Accepted: 23/12/2019

Abstract

The research was carried out at Salamieh District (Tal-AlDara, Watershed), during the year of 2012. The hydrologic study of the basin (rainfall, flow, evapotranspiration and storage) was executed to identify the water balance of the basin. Monthly and annually rainfall were studied for 18 hydrologic years. The results showed that the average of the annual rainfall of the studied years was (279 mm), and the flow was (45.3 mm), while ETP was (2247.1 mm) and ETR was (279.1 mm). The study of storage showed shortage in the annual water balance over studied years during the storage from November to April. The available stored water in the soil was (120 mm), and according to the income of water to the basin which reached (14.4 m.m³), the area that could be irrigated is about more than 66% out of the studied area of the basin at water requirement of 6000 m.m³.

Key words: Rainfall, Flow, Evapotranspiration, Water balance.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Ahmed Ibrahim Khamaj⁽¹⁾ and Abdul Rahman Ahmed Alriyani*⁽²⁾

(1). Soil and Water Department, University of Tripoli, Libya.

(2). Advanced Laboratory of Chemical Analysis, Authority of Natural Science Research and Technology, Tripoli, Libya.  

(*Corresponding Author e-mail: abdllrahman817@gmail.com ).

Received: 01/07/2020                               Accepted: 14/08/2020

Abstract

The Ordinary Kriging (OK) and the weighted inverse distance (IDW) methods were used to predict the spatial distribution of seawater contamination extent the shallow aquifer within Tripoli region, Libya. 42 water samples were analyzed to determine the Simpson ratio which was selected as an indicator of groundwater contamination by seawater. Ordinary Kriging method was aimed to be applied on the original and the logarithmic transformed data. The spatial structure was estimated using the spherical, exponential, and Gaussian models. The cross-validation technique was used to assess the interpolation process resulting from the use of the OK and IDW methods with an exponent value ranging from (1 to 5). The performance of the variogram models was evaluated using the determination coefficient (R²) and the sum squares of the residuals (RSS). The square root of mean square error (RMSE) and the relative mean error (MRE) were used to assess the accuracy of the results obtained from the cross-validation technique. The results showed that the performance of the variogram models before the logarithmic transformation was more accurate, than those obtained after the logarithmic transformation. The best performer is the Gaussian model before the logarithmic transformation with 0.463 and 4.30, for (R²) and (RSS), respectively. The cross-validation technique also showed that the method of (OK) by using the Gaussian model before the logarithmic transformation and the method of IDW with exponent of 1 gave the most accurate results, with the preference for the (OK) of calculating with values of 0.535, 0.246, 0.249 for RMSE, MRE, R², respectively. The map obtained from applying the (OK) method using the Gaussian model showed that, although 76.55% of the area of the study area classified its groundwater as being slightly contaminated by seawater, there is an increase in the risk of groundwater pollution in the southeastern and northwestern borders the region.

Keywords: Groundwater, Seawater intrusion, Simpson ratio, Geostatistics, Cross validation.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Alaa Abdel Halim Habib^*(1) and Issa Noor Aldeen Kabibou⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Soil and Water Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria

(*Corresponding author: Eng. Alaa Abdel Halim Habib. Alaahabib963@gmail.com).

Received: 04/11/2019                               Accepted: 7/12/2019

Abstract

The research was carried out at Alqanjara village in Latakia governorate, during 2018/2019 in order to compare the effect of adding two locally isolated strains and a imported strain of rhizobium on lentil growth and productivity to select the most efficient strain in nitrogen fixation. The experiment was applied according to randomized complete block design (RCBD) in split plot arrangement with three replicates, nitrogen fertilization factor was assigned to the main plots and bacterial inoculation treatments were allotted to the subplots. The research included (15) treatments, in which the bacterial inoculation treatments were: without inoculation, inoculation of the first strain isolated from rosy nodes of faba bean plant roots, inoculation of the second strain isolated from rosy nodes of lentil roots, inoculation of mix of the first and second strains and inoculation of the third strain which is a commercial strain imported under the name of Okadin bio-fertilizer. Phosphate and potassium fertilizers were added to all treatments at a rate of 25 kg/d triple in the form of superphosphate 46%, 25 kg/d of potassium sulphate 50%. While the nitrogen fertilizer was added according to three levels: without addition and 5 kg/d and 10 kg/d (Urea 46%), to detect its effect on bacterial activity and its ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen. The results showed that the bacterial inoculation with strain3 (Okadin bio-fertilizer) had a positive effect on plant growth and an increase in the number of nodules by 345% compared to the non-inoculated (control). Bacterial inoculation treatments of the third strain with the addition of nitrogen fertilizers at level two had shown a significant effect in improving crop quality. The increase in productivity was estimated at 446% compared to the control, and 92% and 231% compared to the two fertilization treatments alone, while the number of nodules was increased by 302% and 295%, dry shoots weight was increased by 194% and 369% compared to the two fertilization treatments alone. Inoculated treatments of the third strain exceeded those in the second sand the first strains, where the increase in productivity reached 13% compared with the second strain and 67% compared with the first strain. The total nitrogen content in the soil increased compared to the control treatment, and the PH value decreased slightly in inoculated treatments compared to pre-planting, with the increase of the available P concentration from 22 to 29 ppm and a slight decrease in electrical conductivity from 0.75 to 0.46 ds/m.

Key words: Rhizobium, Lentil, Bacterial inoculation, Nitrogen Fertilizer .

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Lina Maydaa⁽¹⁾ Alaa Khallouf*⁽¹⁾ Razan Karfoul⁽²⁾ Nisren Badour⁽²⁾ Mohammad Mayous⁽²⁾ and Haitham Eid⁽²⁾

(1). Natural Resources Research Administration, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria.

 (2). Tartous Agricultural Research Center, GCSAR , Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Eng. Alaa Khallouf. E-Mail: alaakhallouf@gmail.com).

Received: 14/06/2019                               Accepted: 03/08/2019

Abstract

In order to study the effect of different levels of organic fertilizer (liquid biogas manure) and different levels of phosphorous fertilization in some soil fertility properties (OM%, N total%, Pav, K av), a field experiment was carried out at Zahid Research Station, Tartous Research Center, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research(GCSAR) during 2015 and 2016 seasons, including 12 treatments: 4 levels of liquid biogas manure (0-4-6-8 L. manure/m²) and two levels of phosphorous fertilizer (66.7% of P fertilizer recommendation, 100% of P fertilizer recommendation) with three replicates according to Randomized Complete Blocks Design. The results of the experiment demonstrated that the P2G3 treatment leaded to a significant increase in organic matter (2.772%), total nitrogen (0.1933%) and available phosphorus (13.667 mg/kg soil), and significant increase in the quantity of available potassium (313.7 mg/kg soil). In terms of production parameters, P2G3 showed a significant increase in vegetative production and yield of green pods (65.47 and 11.1 tons /ha), respectively, compared to the control, also of 100% fertilizer recommendation. The difference with P1G3 was not significant. Because of that the study concluded the addition of P1G3 to save 100 kg/ha of superphosphate fertilizers.

Key words: Phosphorous fertilizer, Soil fertility properties, Manure biogas, Peanut, Production traits.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Ibtesam Mohamed Abedalrhman^*(1) and Zahra Ibrahim El-Gali⁽²⁾

(1). Department of Biology, Faculty of Education, Omer Al-Mukhtar University, El-Beida, Libya.

 (2). Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Omer Al-Mukhtar University, El-Beida, Libya.

(*Corresponding author: Ibtesam Mohamed Abedalrhman. E-Mail: islam606721@gmail.com).

Received: 26/07/2020                               Accepted: 15/09/2020

Abstract

The study was conducted at the Plant Pathology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Omer Al-Mukhtar University, El-Beida, Libya, in the year 2019 to test the effect of darkness and different color lights on pigment, linear growth and biomass of Fusarium oxysporum, with different color shades such as red, yellow, orange, blue, purple and white. The results showed that different effects of spectrum light were observed in color of pigments with different intensities. Incubation in total darkness increased the linear, growth percentage and fungal biomass. The linear growth resulted maximum in darkness (6.5cm) and minimum in white light (5.3cm). The maximum biomass production was also noticed in darkness (0.608g/l) and the minimum in white light (0.260g/l) of dry weight. 

Keywords: Spectrum light, Fusarium oxysporum, Linear growth, Biomass dry weight. 

Full paper in Arabic: PDF