Zenib Suliman ⁽¹⁾, Nwara Mohamed* ⁽²⁾ and Khaled El-Mir ⁽¹⁾

(1) Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Omar Mukhtar University, Al-Bayda, Libya.

(2) Department of plant protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Omar Mukhtar University, Al-Bayda, Libya.

(*Corresponding author: Nwara A. Mohamed, nwara.mohamed@omu.edu.ly).

Received: 23/11/2021                       Accepted: 22/12/2021

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of extracts of Spartium junceum L flowers on the growth of some plant pathogenic organisms, including the Bacteria (Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Xanthomonas campestris pv.vesicatoria and Erwinia cartovora& the Fungi Botrytis fabae, Fusarium oxysporum and Penicillium sp. . The flowers were collected from the area of Ras Al Hilal Green Mountain of Libya and ‎then dried, grinded, and extracted aqueously, alcoholically and with hexane and poisoned the medium PDA with a concentration of 5% of each extract separately in the presence of the control plates, while the bacteria were made by Disk Method with these extracts separately, and distributed on plates cultured with bacteria in the presence of the antibiotic. The results indicated a significant decrease in growth of the tested organisms under laboratory conditions by measuring the radial growth of the fungi colonies (cm) and displaying the inhibition zone for bacteria on the media. The results also recorded significant differences between the solvents used in the extraction. The alcoholic extract had a high effect on the growth of the fungi Botrytis fabae and Penicillium sp. and the growth of the bacteria Erwinia carotovora, while the aqueous extract affected the growth of Botrytis fabae, Agrobactrium and Erwinia, while the hexane extract affected the growth of the fungus Penicillium sp., we conclude from this study that it is possible to obtain compounds that inhibit the growth of some plant pathogenic organisms from extracts of Spartium junceum L flowers.‎

Key words:   Flowers, Aqueous, Methanolic, Hexane, Extracts phytopathogenic fungi, Phytopathogenic bacteria.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Omar Khattab ^(1)*

(1). Department of Field crops. Faculty of Agriculture. Al-Furat University, Deir Ez Zoar, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Eng. Mohamed Baker. E-Mail: baker963949351833@gmail.com).

Received: 7/12/2021          Accepted: 8/02/2021

Abstract

This research was lay out in Al-Hask (10km East Haska) during 2019 agricultural season for Testing some maize hybrids to salinity tolerance by used RCBD with two factors, Hybrids (6) and salinity levels (2, 4, 6 and 8 ds/m). The results showed that significant differences for all characters. The salinity due to decrease it. The Hyb2 was best Hybrid (higher yield, 9.895 ton/ha, 100 seed weight (50 g) LAI (6.7) and plant height was in (195cm).

Key words: maize, hybrid, salt stress, genotype.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Saif saad allah Hassan^{) 1*(}and Abdullah Abdul krim Hassan⁾¹⁽

• plant protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Tikrit University,Salah Al-Din, Iraq.

(*Corresponding author: Eng. Saif Hassan. E-Mail: saifnassrei@gmail.com).

Received: 11/06/2021        Accepted: 11/11/2021

Abstract:

A laboratory and field study were conducted during the 2018/2019 season in the laboratories of the Department of Plant Protection and Fields of the College of Agriculture / Tikrit University. The study evaluated the efficiency of biosynthetic silver nanoparticles from the food fungus Pleurotusostreatus A2019 in controlwheat root rot disease caused by PythumaphanidermatumThe laboratory results showed the efficiency of all concentrations of the prepared silver nanoparticles to inhibit the pathogenic fungus P. aphanidermatum compared to the control, and the highest percentage of inhibition at the concentration was 1.5 mM in the filter of the fungus P. ostreatus A2019, which amounted to 0.68% compared to the control in which no inhibition rate was recorded. While all concentrations and types of prepared silver nanoparticles showed the highest activity of nitrate reduction enzyme compared to the control, and the highest activity was at a concentration of 1.5 mM in the filter of the fungus P.ostreatus A2019 It was 0.68 units/ml compared to the control, which amounted to 0.068 units/ml. on the other handthe field results for estimating the concentration of the mineral glutathione in the plant, where the control treatment showed the lowest concentration of glutathione, which amounted to 0.6 mg.ml-1, which did not make any significant difference with the treatment of silver nanoparticles, which amounted to 0.63 mg.ml-1 .

Key words: silver nanoparticles, Pleurotusspp, Pythium aphanidermatum, glutathione

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Laila Aldahak^*(1) Bashar AL sheikh ⁽²⁾ Ahmad Elkhalf ⁽³⁾ and Feras Mhamed Asaad ⁽⁴⁾

• Department of Field Crops, College of Agriculture Engineering, Hama University, Salamiyeh, Hama, Syria.
• Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture Engineering, Hama University, Salamiyeh, Hama, Syria
• Al Raqa Research Center, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research GCSAR, Damascus, Syria.
• Hamah Research Center, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research GCSAR, Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Laila Aldahak. E-Mail: laila.dahak@hama-univ.edu.sy ; laila.dahak@gmail.com).

Received: 13/09/2020        Accepted: 19/08/2020

Abstract

This research conducted during the growing season of 2019/2020 in Soran region, northern of Hama, about 18 km, this research aimed to evaluate the resistance of several approved wheat varieties in Syria to wheat stem sawfly (WSS), considering this one of the effective ways to resist this pest within the natural conditions in Hama Governorate. The results showed wide disparate levels of infection. Among the tested durum wheat varieties, females of the wheat stem sawfly were more likely to lay their eggs in the stems of this specific durum wheat type (Cham 5), which was susceptible to infestation, followed by (Cham 9). The stems these two varieties characterized by the highest height in the early spread stages of wasps, and not the least developed in late stages, while the rest of the tested cultivars distinguished by their resistance to infection. Speaking of the soft wheat, female wasps preferred to lay their eggs in the variety stem (Douma 2) and the reasons for this preference were unknown. Although (Douma 2) distinguished by their height, but without any significant differences with other varieties during the early appearance of wasps, while its plants were the most developed during the late period of wasp’s dispersal. The rest of the tested varieties of soft wheat distinguished by their resistance, as an indicator of the variety’s resistance.

Key words: wheat stem sawfly, Soft wheat, Durum wheat, Phenological stages.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Firas Al-shehawy *⁽¹⁾, Mohammad Nahaal ⁽²⁾ and Basma Afram ⁽³⁾

• The Scientific Agricultural Research Center of Salamieh, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Damascus, Syria.
• Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria.
• Directorate of Agriculture and Agrarian Reform, Hama, Ministry of Agriculture and Agrarian Reform, Damascus,

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Firas Asaad Alshehawy: Dr.fShehawy120@gmail.com).

Received: 29/06/2020        Accepted: 29/05/2020

Abstract

The potato tubers moth Phthorimaea operculella Zeller is one of the main pests of the potato crop, so the effect of alcohol extract for leaves of two plants Eucalyptus spp. and Thuja orientalis L. has been studied in the different phases of the potato moth in laboratory and field in north western of Aleppo governorate, Syria, in addition to studying the effect of mixing these two extracts in three concentrations with two insecticides (es-fenvalerate5%، emamectin benzoate5%) separately. Three laboratory experiments were performed to study the effect of these two extracts on the corrected death of the adult phase%, unhatchability of the eggs%, the repellence and attractive rate of the adult phase%, and a field trial to study the average% of repellence/plant. there were no significant differences between the two insecticides, as well as between the two studied potato varieties of Benilla and Spunta as a general mean of treatments for each experiment. laboratory results in the two seasons were showed superiority of the two pesticides and their mixing with Eucalyptus and Thuja leaves extracts in all treatments, follow that giving the treatment of Eucalyptus at concentration (10%) superiority in the corrected death of the adult%, and were observed superiority in Eucalyptus leaves extract (10%) and Thuja (10%) in unhatchability of eggs%, that is the increased efficacy of extracts against the moth by increasing their concentration. With giving the alcohol extract of Eucalyptus leaves (10%) in the two seasons the highest percentage of repellence, while the extract of Thuja leaves (10%) was the highest percentage of attraction. In field, all coefficients for mixing pesticides with extracts did not give superiority in their efficacy and positive effect against the moth, Eucalyptus leaves extract and its mixing with two insecticides made the best results, and the concentration 10% of Eucalyptus extract without mixing was the best in field. Consequently, thus the concentration 10% of Eucalyptus extract can be used in potato tuber moth control programs.

Keywords: alcohol extract for leaves of Eucalyptus spp. and Thuja orientalis L., Tow insecticides, Potato Tuber Moth, Syria.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Ola Salman^*(1) ,  Atia Arab⁽¹⁾, Mohammad Ahmad⁽²⁾ , Yosef Wajhani ⁽³⁾  and Osama Mohra⁽³⁾   

• Agricultural Scientific Research Center – Lattakia – Syria
• Faculty of Agriculture – Tishreen University – Lattakia – Syria
• General Commission For Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria

(*Corresponding author: Eng. Ola Salman. E-Mail: olasalman1993@gmail.com).

Received: 21/05/2020        Accepted: 28/06/2020

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of Earias insulana (Lepidoptera: Nolidae) in the Syrian coast, and assessing the susceptibility of some local genotypes (14 genotypes) and two commercial varieties to the insect under field conditions at the Center for Scientific Agricultural Research in Lattakia (Bouka) According to the design of complete random sectors and four repeaters per genotype, during 2018 season. The findings showed prevalence of spiny bollworms in the coastal region, ranged from 5 to 800 m above sea level, under irrigated and rainfed conditions. The average of infestation rate was between 3.6% and 30.7% in lattakia, and between 2.7% to 38.8% in Tartous. The results showed that all tested genotypes were susceptible to spiny bollworm. The lowest incidence of spiny bollworm on fruit at tendering maturity was 12.78% on the fruits of genotype (12188) and the highest incidence attained (19.52%) on the fruits of genotype (10974) during the months of June, July, August and September. During the physiological maturity the percentage of the infected fruits at the end of the season during the month of October ranged from (57.44%) to (91.36%). The results also showed that the highest injury intensity was (2.4 larva/fruit) on the fruits of the French variety, while the lowest severity of injury was (1.1 larva/fruit) on the fruits of the genotype (10374) . The loss of seed weight ranged from 45.75% in the genotype 11353 to 72.25% in the genotype 10521.

Key words: Earias insulana (Boisd.), Okra, Spiny bollworm, Coastal area, Syria.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Ziad Al-Eisa ^(1)*, Mohammad Nayef Alsalty ⁽²⁾, Ahmad Algomaa⁽¹⁾ and Moneer Alnabhan⁽³⁾

• Cotton Administration Research, Aleppo, Syria.
• Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria.
• Agricultural Research Centre in Hama, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Hama, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Eng. Zaid Al-Esia Email: ziadissa989@gmail.com)

Received: 8/07/2020          Accepted: 13/09/2020

Abstract:

Cotton aphids consider important due excreting honeydew and its negative side effects on cotton lint which reduce its quality and economic value, and in cases of outbreaks can improve  resistance to chemical pesticides which is used in control, Biocontrol considers alternative method to chemical pesticides and useful method in controlling insects and acari, survey of entomopathogenic fungi to cotton aphids A. gossypii was conduct in AL-Gab countryside/Hama district in the season 2018 by collecting infected leaves, surface sterilization to dyed insects was conduct by (Lacey and Brooks,1997) methods, those insect moved to Petri dishes contains PDA(Potato dextrose agar) medium, then those dishes were incubated on 22±2 °C until the surficial fungal growth on sterilized insects appeared , then an abrasive from the surficial fungal growth were taken to new petri dishes contain SDYA_1/4 medium, the fungal strains were purified and identified by using manual which described by )Humber, 1997(, The effectivity of the isolated strain from cotton aphids A. gossypii was confirmed in initial experiment; The effects on life cycle of cotton aphids A. gossypii   of the strain ASP from Aspergillus sp. Fungi and GHA strain from B.bassiana fungi was achieved with four different concentrations 5×10⁵, 5×10⁶, 5×10⁷ , 5×10⁸ conidia /ml of each strain throw spraying the nymphs which were collected from infected fields by the fungal spore suspension whereas control treatment sprayed by distilled water in the same way. The results showed that the strain is from Aspergillus genus, and from the initial experiment was found that the dyed insect which appeared on them the fungal growth of the tow strains ASP and GHA after surface sterilization reached 95% and 74.41% respectively, which confirm that is the isolated strain is entomopathogenic fungi on cotton aphids. The value of lethal dose 50(LD₅₀) for the ASP, GHA strains was 1.297׳10,10⁸x 3.963 conidia /ml respectively, and the lethal time50(LT₅₀) was for ASP, GHA strains 3 and 8.693 days respectively, which lead to that is ASP strain promise strain in IPM programs of cotton aphids.

Keywords: Aspergillus, cotton aphids, Entomopathogeneic fungi, LC50, LT50.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Ali Kanjo(1), Jamil Abbas(1), Rabiaa Zaini (2) and Neven Hasson(1)*
(1) Faculty of Agriculture. Tishreen University, Latakia. Syria.
(2) Agricultural Research Centre in Latakia, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Latakia, Syria
(*Corresponding author: Eng. Neven Hasson Email: nevenhassoon80@gmail.com)
Received: 11/03/2020 Accepted: 21/06/2020
Abstract
The research was conducted at Sit Kheris Agricultural Station in Latakia Agricultural Center, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR) in Syria, during the season 2019 in the Kiwi orchard. Three levels of drip irrigation were applied (70, 80, and 90%) of the total water requirement of plant in addition to the control (100%). The experiment executed according toRandomized Complete Block Design (RCED) with three replicates. in order to study the of water use fficiency, water consumption and scheduling irrigation, in addition to study of the effect of drip irrigation treatments on some of production characteristics of kiwi fruits. Irrigation treatments differed in their effects on the productive properties of kiwi fruits, Where the treatment 100% surpassed the other treatment in terms of diameter4.46 cm, length 6.76 cm and weight of the fruit 78.15 g, in addition to the percentage of fruit moisture 78.54%, while the treatment excelled 70% in terms of the ratio dry matter 22.3%, acids 0.59, sugars 15.05%, soluble solids 18.1%. As for the treatment, 80% outperformed in terms of water use efficiency, which amounted to 2 kg / m3, and for the average tree productivity, all treatments (80 – 90 – 100%) outperformed the treatment by 70% (9.67- 10.67- 10.3- 8.33) respectively.
Key words: Kiwi, Drip irrigation, Water requirements, Irrigation water use efficiency

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Mohannad Al-Ghajar ^{(1) *}

• of Soil and Land Reclamation, Faculty of Agriculture, University of AL- Furat, Deir al- Ezzor,Syria .

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Mohannad Al-ghajar Email: mohanadghajar@ gmail.com

Received: 2/09/2020          Accepted: 19/10/2020

Abstract

Field experiment was conducted on wheat (Cham 6 variety) for the planting season 2018/2019 in a special field at the town of Safira –  Aleppo Governorate. To study and diagnosis the nutritional status of the wheat plant and Determination the data system Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated (DRIS) system. The experiment consisted of 27 treatments with three levels of nitrogen (N0, N75, N150) kg/hec in the form of urea(N 46%) , phosphorus (P0, P40, P80) kg/hec in the form of( P2O5 45%) and potassium (K0, K20, K40) kg/hec in the form of( K2O 50%) and with three replications for each treatment. The results showed that there is a clear link between the DRIS system indicators and the physiological balance of the three elements (NPK) in grain on the one hand with the production quantity on the other, and the best balance of physiological (NPK ) was agreed with the treatment(N2P2K2) which gave (4525 kg /he), standard values of the wheat were determined according to the study of the ratios n /p , n/k and k/p  (15.01، 1.39، 10.76 ), C.V= )4.90 ، 4.05 ، 4.70 ) respectively.

Keywords: NPK, system diagnosis and recommendation integrated DRIS,wheat.
Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Marina al Ali ^(1)* and Jamil Abass⁽²⁾,

(1) Ministry of Agriculture and Agrarian Reform.Damascus, Syria.

(2) Soil and Water Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University. Latakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Marina al Ali. Email: marinaalali@tishreen.edu.sy)

Received: 10/10/2020                                Accepted: 19/10/2020

Abstract:

This study was conducted in the nursery of the Faculty of Agriculture (Tishreen University). The divided Spunta potato tubers were planted in the belly of the furrow with a spacing of 30 cm between the tuber and the other and the spacing between lines is 70 cm on 02/23/2020 and the surface irrigation method by furrow was used with well-control. The experiment land was divided into 3 equal parts, and each section had a treatment and each transaction has 4 duplicates (4 lines): 1- Rainfed agriculture (without adding any irrigation: the control without irrigation), 2- Treatment of 100% of the water need, i.e. rain + supplementary irrigation, 3- At 80% of the water need, i.e. rain + supplementray irrigation. The waterings were given at 80% of the field capacity. in order to increase the water use efficiency for producing potato crops by using supplementary irrigation. The results showed by comparing the Water Use Efficiency (WUE) in the three cases that The WUE was 14.61 kg/m³/ha (the first treatment), 36.49 kg/m³/ha (the second treatment), 51.91 kg/m³/ha (the third treatment), where water productivity doubled by 2.5 times (the second treatment) and by 3.5 times (the third treatment). Concerning the yield of tubers, the results showed that the third treatment represented the maximum production (6.6 kg/m²) and better than the second treatment (5.8 kg/m²), while the first treatment had a much lower production (4.3 kg/m²) according to the ANOVA test at the significance level of 5%, which means that potatoes can be produce on the Syrian coast without the need for irrigation but with little cost-effectiveness. Therefore, we recommend supplementary irrigationin order to develop agricultural production in terms of quantity and quality, which will be positively reflected for potato farmers. The good control of the irrigation method showed an efficiency of 75%, which is very close to the efficiency of sprinkler and drip irrigation, depending on the irrigation scheduling program and the amount of water added at 80% of the water need and adding irrigation at 80% of the field capacity

Key words: Ppotato, Yield, Furrow irrigation, Supplementary irrigation, Water use efficiency.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF