Hanan Habak^)1*(, Magda Moufleh⁾²⁽ and Bahaa  El-Rahban⁾²⁽  and and Nader Asaad⁾³⁽ and Ertyad Isaa⁾³⁽and Mohammad Ahmad⁾⁴⁽

(1). Agricultural Research center, Lattakia, Syria.

(2) General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Damascus, Syria

(3) Agricultural Research center, Alghab, Syria.

(4). Professor of biological control, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Hanan Habak, Email: hanan.habak5@gmail.com)

Abstract

A field survey was carried out in many fields infested with dodder (Cuscuta sp.) to detect their host plants and natural enemies. Dodder samples were randomly collected from infested fields, in different sites of  Lattakia and Alghab(Hamah), and inspected in the laboratory. Results showed that the Cuscuta sp. was distributed in all of the studied sites. It recorded on many host plants of crops, weeds and ornamental plants .and it was recorded two species of weevils (Smicronyx sp) : Smicronyx jungermanniae ,Reich, 1797 ,  pauperculus Wallaston, 1864 Smicronyx(Coleoptera: Curculionidae, these two species were distributed naturally in all infested and studied fields, the rate of infestation in seeds capsules of the Dodder (Cuscuta sp) differ due to host plants and studied sites,  and it reached to 90% and 70% in Alghab and Lattakia respectively. Larvae feeding inside capsules caused important reduction in the fresh weight of infested dodder plants and capsules compared with un-infested ones, the reduction rate in fresh weight reached to22.44% and 48.7%in   Dodder plants and capsules which infested with weevils larvae respectively. These results suggest the high potential of using Smicronyx jungermanniae ,Reich, 1797 ,and  pauperculus Wollaston, 1864 Smicronyx in the biological control of Cuscuta sp.

Key words: Cuscuta sp, Smicronyx sp., capsules, biological control.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Mohamad Alshehabi^(1)*_,Sayah Abou Ghorrah⁽²⁾, and Faten Hamed⁽¹⁾

(1)Food technology department, general commission for scientific agriculture research, Syria.  

(2) Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Damascus University, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Mohammad Alshehabi E-Mail: mohamadalshehabi@yahoo.com).

Abstract

This study aimed to separate and determine the concentration of  bitter and non-bitter amino acids which are formed as a result of proteolysis in the spreadable processed cheese mixtures made by different types of cheese by using  high performance  liquid chromatography (HPLC) , and to discover the bitter peptides by using vertical electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) , also it aimed to study the effect of these cheeses types  on the release of the bitterness in the tested mixtures . The results of  the amino acids (especially the bitter one) in samples showed significant differences among the tested  mixtures compared with the control  on 5% trusted level ,with note surpass of the mixture that made by using chider in most of the bitter amino acids,  also the charts of electrophoresis showed bands consist of  hydrophobic peptides with low molecular weight between 3500-6000 Dalton , which is responsible of the bitter test in the studied mixtures ,also the sensory evaluation results for bitter taste showed significant differences between all mixtures when compared with the control sample  .

Full paper in Arabic:pdf

Keywords: Rocessed Cheese ,Peptides, Amino Acids , Bitterness

Georgette Fattal^*(1), Abdul jalil Ghrewaty⁽²⁾, Fateh Khatib⁽³⁾, and Naim Al-Husein⁽¹⁾

• Aleppo research center, General Commission of Scientific Agricultural research (GCSAR), Aleppo, Syria.
• Dept. of Biotechnology, Faculty of Technology Engineering, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria.
• Dept. of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria.

(*Corresponding author:  Georgette Fattal. E-Mail: Georgettefattal90@gmail.com )

Abstract

Vegetables are one of the most important sources of infection with foodborne viruses, causing several outbreaks around the world. This study aimed to detect Norovirus (NV), Hepatitis A virus (HAV) and Hepatitis E virus (HEV) on vegetables using molecular techniques. Fresh vegetables were sampled from local markets and some fields planted on sides of the Quaiq river in Aleppo on different dates during 2018-2019. The samples were washed with elution buffer, and the viruses were concentrated by a cellulose-positive membrane. Reverse transcription was performed directly into the complementary DNA (cDNA) without RNA extraction. The detection of viruses was carried out using cDNA as a template in the PCR. The results showed that viruses were found on many leafy vegetables during autumn and spring. NV was found in 18.4% of the samples, HAV in 4.1%, and HEV in 2.05%.

Keywords: Molecular detection, foodborne disease, infectious viruses.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Jamila Dirbas (1)* and Ahmad Al Jouma (1)
(1) Cotton Research Administration
(Corresponding author: Dr. Jamila Dirbas. Email: jamila.dirbas@gmail.com Abstract The experiment was conducted at Hama Center for Scientific Agricultural Research during the 2018 and 2019 seasons according to randomized complete block design with three replications. The research aimed to estimate heterosis and combining ability for earliness and yield of F1 hybrids resulted from half diallel program of twelve parents of upland cotton. Analysis of variance indicated to significant differences among the genotypes for all characters. Estimation of relative heterosis and heterobeltiosis showed significant favorite values in some hybrids that reached -6.37%, -5.75* %( Millinium x Aleppo 90, Fantum x Lider) for days to first opened boll, 58.6%, 35.58% (Millinium x Lider) for earliness and 136.22%, 132.61% for single plant yield, respectively. That refers to the variance of parents in genetic factors that control these traits. The percentages of δ2GCA/δ2SCA > 1 for all traits indicated to addictive gene effect. Parent Aleppo 124 was the best general combiner to days to first opened boll (-7.98) while, parent Fantum to earliness % (7.73) and parent Niab 414 (17.31) to single plant yield, therefore they can be used in breeding programs for improving these traits. Hybrid (Fantum x Lider) had the best SCA for days to first opened boll (-8.64), hybrid (Millinium x Lider) for earliness % (32.78), and hybrid (Raqqa 5 x Niab Kiran) for single plant yield (62.19), whereas hybrids; Fantum x Raqqa 5 and Coker 139 x Aleppo 90 had positive and non-significant SCA for earliness % and single plant yield, respectively. Subsequentl,y hybrids had significant favorite values for heterosis and SCA can be used in breeding programs for exploiting hybrid vigor. While Hybrids had positive and non-significant SCA that resulted from general combiner parents can be used to get distinct genetic combinations and breeding work can be followed to develop high yielding anshort-durationon varieties.
Keywords: cotton, earliness, yield, heterosis, combining ability, half diallel.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Jaber Alaani(1)* Abdullah Alyosef(1) Naiem Alhussen(1) Rolla Hamwi(1) Fatema Abdul Rahman(1)
(1) Agricultural Scientific Research Center in Aleppo.
(*Corresponding author: Jaber Alaani. E-Mail: g.w.alani7476@gmail.com).
Abstract
This research aimed to study the chemical composition of wheat and its end-products (Bourghul and Frikeh) whence protein content and important minerals to realize chemical changes that occur when processing is done. The research has been carried out on four cultivars of wheat (two of them durum sham3, sham5 and two of them softs doma2, doma4) under rain failed environment, The trials have been carried out in Random Complete Blocks with three replicates and each plot harvested to two-part the first one (in the dough development stage) to make Frikeh by parched the spikes and the second one (in the mature development stage) to make Bourghul by poaching (boiling) the grains, and both of them were dried by air to level approximates the limit of moisture of wheat grains. The results of this study showed clearly variance in most wheat components comparing with its end- products (Bourghul and Frikeh), it could notice that the content of protein in Bourghul is little lowest than wheat and the highest in Frikeh (13.86%), and the same matter for ash that has the highest value in Frikeh (1.972%), but about minerals the results show that highest concentrate of Fe where in Frikeh then Bourghul then Wheat (239, 219, 56 ppm), but the highest concentrate of Mn and Zn where in Bourghul (124.6, 111.8 ppm), and the highest concentrate of P where in Frikeh (1007 ppm), but for Cu we can see decreasing in its content in Bourghul and Frikeh and he reached in Wheat (19.36 ppm

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Mustafa Beda^(1)*, Abeer Ali⁽²⁾, Ghina Jawhara⁽²⁾, Noma Muhammed⁽²⁾, and Leen Almukaddem⁽²⁾

(1) General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria.

(2)Tartous Agricultural Research Center, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr.  Mustafa Beda, Email: bedda.agri@hotmail.com)

Abstract

This study aimed to study plant biodiversity as an eco-tourism attraction in the Amrit region. It was implemented during the period of (2014-2017). Fifteen random samples were taken to study biodiversity distributed between the peripheral and within the forest. A random sample of 100 inhabitants was also taken in the communities near the site of Amrit to study the economic impact of ecotourism on the study area. A total of 197 trees were studied, of which 143 were Proteins, 51 Eucalyptus, 1 Kharnob, 1 Hoz and 1 Batem. The samples were classified according to Mouterde1966,1866, Zohary 1966,1914 Flora, and the 2008 Syrian desert plants Atlas. A list of the plant species found in the study area was found. The number of plant species found in plant surveys was 161 plant species traceable to (47) Plant species. (152) plant species were classified and remained (5) types of rocky reefs (3) fungus and (1) insect eaters, distribution of plant species between natural plant and plantation where (4) tree species and (42). The results also showed significant differences between forest products in terms of their contribution to the income of people in rural areas adjacent to forest areas. The most important were: animal grazing, medicinal and aromatic plants, wood products, seeds and small planter, and hunting.

Keywords: Plant Biodiversity, Environment, Eco-tourism, Amrit site, Tartous Governorate.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Bassam Al-Oklaa (1), Radwan Badr Al-Deen (1), and Nour haj Msoud(1) (1) National Commission for Biotechnology, Damascus, Syria. (Corresponding author: Dr. Bassam Al-Oklaa, E-Mail: Bassam78alk@gmail.com)
Abstract
Citrus fruits are considered the major source of essential oils. However these essential oils are not invested in Syria. The current study aimed to investigate the chemical composition of the peel essential oils extracted from sweet and bitter oranges, in addition to the antifungal activity of these two essential oils against some Candida species. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technique was used for identifying the chemical composition of these two essential oils, after extraction using the hydro-distillation method. The minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) method was used to determine the antifungal activity towards four Candida species. Results showed that the essential oils extracted from the peels of bitter orange were active towards all Candida species in MBCs ranged from 20 mg/ml against C. krusei, C. famata and C. sphaerica, to 30 mg/ml against C. guillieromondii; while the essential oil extracted from the peels of sweet orange was active towards the first three species (C. krusei, C. famata and C. sphaerica), in MBCs of 30 mg/ml and inactive against the species C. guillieromondii.
Keywords: Essential oils, antifungal activity, minimal bactericidal concentration, C. krusei, C. famata and C. sphaerica, C. guillieromondii, Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Baraa Aswad)1(, Nizar Harba(1), and Walid Alrahmoun(2) (1) Field Crops Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Latakia, Syria. (2) Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Latakia, Syria. (Corresponding author: Bara Aswad. E-Mail: baraa.aswad711@gmail.com)
Abstract
The research was conducted in Rumaila village, Jableh, Lattakia for two growing seasons (2015/2016) and (2016/2017). The objectives were to study the productive efficiency of forage mixtures and compare them with single cultivation by studying yields of green fodder, hay, chemical content of hay (crude protein, crude fiber and crude ash). Three forage crops (barley, common vetch and forage pea) were cultivated each separately and together in mixtures of two – and three crops. They were arranged in a random complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Forage mixtures surpassed individual crops in the unit yield of green fodder and hay, where the binary mixture (barley + forage pea), was the highest value with 15.59 and 8.62 ton/ha, respectively. Forage mixtures also outperformed individual barley in terms of their content of crude protein and crude ash.
Keywords: Forage mixtures, Hay, Barley, Common vetch, Forage pea, crude protein, ash.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf