Mohammad Haddad ^{(1 )*}, Sawsan Hayfa ⁽¹⁾ , and  Ibrahim Nisafi ⁽²⁾

(1) Department of Soil and Water Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(2) Department of Forestry and Environment, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria

(*Corresponding author: Mohammad Haddad. E-Mail: msh.89.alber@gmail.com )

Received:3/01/2022            Accepted: 31/08/2022

Abstract:

This study aimed to study the accumulative abilities Capparis spinosa and Vitex agnus – castus for lead and copper. This plants are native near the Marren Alsaleeb dam in Hamah city. The plants samples were collected from leaves for plant species, the soil samples were taken at (0-20) cm depth. Concentration of heavy metals were determined in soils and plants with “Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer”. Our results showed that the amounts of pb in the soil samples were 62.39 ppm. The average concentrations of lead pb in the leaves of Capparis spinosa was 4.45 ppm; in the leaves of Vitex agnus – castus was 9.21 ppm. According to statistics analysis V. agnus – castus leaves surpass with accumulate lead. Our results showed that the amounts of Cu in the soil samples were 45.32 ppm. The average concentrations of Cu in the leaves of C. spinosa. was 9.28 ppm; in the leaves of V. agnus – castus was 12.6 ppm. According to statistics analysis there is moral differences between C. spinosa and V. agnus – castus with accumulate copper.

Keywords: Lead, Copper, Capparis spinosa L, Vitex agnus – castus L, Accumulating Heavy Metals, Marren Alsaleeb dam.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Ammar Abbas^(1)* and Ghonwa Khaddour⁽¹⁾

(1) Agriculture research center of Lattakia, General commission for scientific Agriculture Research, Syria.

 (*Corresponding author: Ammar Abbas, E-Mail: Ammarabbas1984@hotmail.com).

Received:22/08/2022          Accepted: 31/08/2022

Abstract:

This research was conducted at the al-Kabeer al-Shamali river basin between the Syrian-Turkish borders  and the coastline of Syria within area of / 836 / km² in order to prepare main database  of  the basin . Topographic and geological maps, climatic data (temerature and rainfall), satellite images, DEM maps and ARC GIS 10.4 were used to prepare some maps including: Contour and slope, geological, soils, temperature, isohytes and land use.  Then detailed tables were included to provide appropriate databases that provide appropriate management decisions. The results showed  the topographic variation, most of the basin are is dominated by low to moderate slopes, Geological  map  also indicated to the presence of seven geological structures most widespread is carbonaceous karst,while the soils map showed the presence of four soil orders ,most spread soils is  Luvisols. Forests are the most prevailing in most of the basin depending on the land use map. average annual temperature ranged between(18-25)`c and annual rainfall (1264) mm in Kasab, the hydrographic net is dense and total length of the river is (56)km

Keywords: al-Kabeer al-Shamali Basin, GIS, database, river.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Talal Amin * ⁽¹⁾, Maher Laffah ⁽²⁾, and Raneem Hassoun ⁽¹⁾

(1) Department of Environment and Forestry, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(2) Faculty of Architecture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Raneem Hassoun, E-Mail: raneem92ha@hotmail.com).

Received:2/009/2021          Accepted: 3/01/2022

Abstract:

The study was carried out in 2019 with the aim of evaluating the ideality of plant species in street trees in situ of the streets of the city of Jableh. Al-Amara street was studied as a model because it is the most crowded and lively street in the city. The results of the study showed the presence of 328 plants distributed between trees and shrubs belonging to 12 plant species and distributed among 11 plant families. Nerium oleander occupied the largest percentage among the cultivated species, with percentage reached 54.6% of the total cultivated species, and Melia azedarach and Hibiscus rosa-sinensis came in the second place with a percentage of 12.2%. Tree species, including the Melia azedarach, Ficus nitida, and Washingtonia filifera, were planted on both sides of the street. The study of the preferential value of the trees according to (Lee et al., 2011) showed that Melia azedarach got the highest preferential value (7.72) out of 10 degrees, followed by the Washingtonia filifera (7.3) and F. nitida got the lowest preferential value (5.8). The study showed that the M. azedarach was the best as a street tree, while the F. nitida was the least efficient in its current condition. It is recommended to plant the empty areas on both sides of the street and take care of the existing trees; especially the appropriate pruning, also it is recommended to plant the middle island with a smaller number of homogeneous plant species like Dodonaea and oleander or others with its formation as a vegetative wall or in the form of intermittent groups with an appropriate formation that achieves an appropriate coordination value.

Keywords: urban afforestation, Melia azedarach, street tree.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Omar Abdulrazzak⁽¹⁾, Rami Kaba^(2)*, and Wasim Qarmo ⁽¹⁾

(1)  The Department of Soil and Land Reclamation, Faculty Agriculture at Deir Ezzor , Al-Furat University, Syria.

(2) The Department of Soil and Land Reclamation, Faculty Agriculture at Al-Hasakah, Al-Furat University, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr Rami Kaba , E-Mail: kaba.rami@gmail.com)

Received: 10/06/2021         Accepted: 21/11/2021

Abstract:

Oil pollution causes changes in the physical, chemical, and biological properties of soils, including a change in the pH buffering capacity of the soil to resist the change in the acid and alkaline range, which in turn affect nutrients absorption soil fertility. This research aimed to study the effect of oil pollution on pH buffering capacity to change acidity and alkalinity values of some soils in Al-Hasakah governorate, Al-Malikiyah (Vertisols) and Rmelan (Inceptisols). The research carried out under laboratory conditions using oil pollution treatments with different proportions T1: control 0 ml/kg, T2: 5 ml / kg, T3: 50 ml / kg, T4: 100 ml / kg.The results showed a decrease in pH buffering capacity of Malikiyah soil (Vertisols) to resist change in soil acidity in the acidic range when oil pollution increased, a decrease  by 1.95% at T2 treatment, whereas at T3 and T4, pH buffer capacity decreased by 6.73- 8.39% compared  to control respectively. While the pH buffering capacity of Malikiyah soil in the alkaline range increased with the increase in pollution levels. The pH buffer capacity of Remelan soil (Inceptisols) was 73.35% in the acid range and 26.65% in the alkaline range in control soil , and decreased in acid range by 0.89%, 5.72%, 8.48%. While it increased in the alkali range with increasing levels of oil pollution. When comparing the two soils, Al-Malikiyah soil had a higher pH buffering capacity compared to Remelan soil in the acid range, whether  in control  soil or on oil polluted treatments.

Keywords: Oil pollution, pH buffering capacity, Al-Hassakeh soils, Al-Malikiyah soil, Remelan soil.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Tofek Othman^*(1) , and Omaima Naser ⁽¹⁾

(1) Department of Environmental Prevention, Higher Institute for Environmental Research, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

 (*Corresponding author: Tofek Othman, E-Mail: tofek.osman@gmail.com).

Received:18/08/2021    Accepted:11/01/2022

Abstract: 

The study aimed to improve the yield of biogas production during the anaerobic fermentation process of raw poultry droppings (PD) during the year (2018) from the layers farm (Al-jremkia) site which is affiliated to Agriculture Directorate in Lattakia. Then PD was mixed with starter (S) then it was mixed with both starter and tree leaves (TL). Three treatments from poultry droppings were prepared and each one was repeated (9) times. The first treatment was raw poultry droppings (T1), the second treatment was poultry droppings with starter, and the third was poultry droppings with both starter and tree leaves. The results showed that treatment (T3) was significantly superior to both treatments (T2, T1) in the amount of biogas produced at a significant level of (5) %, as the amount of biogas produced for each of them reached (3751.67, 608.67, 167.85) ml, respectively during (23) days.

Keywords: poultry droppings, anaerobic fermentation, starter, tree leaves, biogas.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Areej Alkheder ⁽¹⁾*, Mohammad Manhal Alzabi⁽¹⁾, Samer Al Rabee ⁽¹⁾, Ababil Hamoud ⁽¹⁾, Rasha Al Jarad⁽¹⁾, and Gada Neama⁽¹⁾

(1) Natural Resources Research Management General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria.

(*corresponding author: Dr.  Areej Alkheder, E-mail: areejalkeder@gmail.com)

Received:27/07/2021          Accepted:5/01/2022

Abstract: 

The experiment was carried out at Al-Nashabiya Research Station in the Damascus Countryside Research Center during the season 2019/2020 in order to study the effect of adding several levels of nitrogen on the growth and productivity of two irrigated wheat cultivars (Sham 7 and Sham 10). The experiment consisted of the following nitrogen application rates: N=0, N =80, N2=120, N3=160, N4=200, N5=240 kg N/ha. The experiment was layout was a complete randomized design with three replicates for each treatment. The results showed a direct increase in plant height, spike length and number of spikes per unit area with increasing rate of applied fertilizer compared to the control in the two studied varieties. In terms of productivity, it was noted that the treatments N3 and N4 in the soft cultivar Sham 10, gave more than (7 tons/ha) compared to the control treatment (5.33 ton/ha). Treatments N2 and N3 excelled in the hard cultivar Sham 7, where the productivity reached (6.57 and 6.77 ton/ha, respectively), compared to the control, in which grain yield was (4.37 tons/ha).

Key words: Nitrogen Fertilization, Wheat, Cham7, Cham10 spike length, productive characteristics.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Walaa Ammar^(1)*, Safaa Rahmoun⁽¹⁾, Thamer Al Huniesh⁽¹⁾, and Mohamed El Helou⁽²⁾

(1) Crops Research Administration, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria.

(2) Hama Research Center, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Syria.

(*corresponding author:  Walaa Ammar. E-Mial: walaa.lulu90@gmail.com).

Received:30/07/2021          Accepted:30/1/2022

Abstract: 

This research was conducted at Hama Agricultural Scientific Research Center, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, to evaluate the performance of nine genotypes of  broad bean FLIP 14 -033, FLIP 15 -227FB, FLIP 14 -028, FLIP 14 -025, FLIP 15 -250FB, FLIP 15 -228FB, FLIP 15 -225FB, FLIP 14 -062, FLIP 14 -030, compare to the local variety Hama 2 as a check, during three seasons (2017/2018, 2018/2019, 2019/2020), Randomized complete blocks (RCBD) was used with two repetitions. The results of the statistical analysis showed significant differences between the genotypes and years and the interaction between them, and the results indicated that the genotype FLIP 14-025 achieved the heighest seed yield, number of pods per plant, number of branches per plant and plant height, compare to the other genotypes and Hama2. The seed yield and number of pods per plant were significantly increased during the two seasons (2019 and 2020) compared to the season (2018), This is due to the fact that the total precipitation during 2019 and 2020 was close and higher than 2018.

Key words: genotypes, Broad bean, seed yield.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Marwa Rhban ^(1)* , Badi Malakh ^(1)* , and Hassan Obaid ⁽²⁾

(1) Department of Renewable Natural Resources and Environment, Faculty of Agricultural, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syrian.

(2) Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural, Damascus University, Damascus, Syrian.

(*Corresponding author: Marwa Rhban,  E-Mail: marwajo1995@gmail.com).

Received:29/08/2021          Accepted:21/11/2021

Abstract: 

The research was carried out in Abi Jarash farm at the Faculty of Agricultural Engineering at Damascus University during the year (2020/2021), the experiment aimed to study the effect of the composition of the growth medium and the concentration of the nutrient solution on some indicators of vegetative and root growth and the productivity of the essential oil of rosemary. Rosemary cuttings were grown in five soil media (witness), Peat moosine, Peat moosine: pumice (1:1) volume, Peat moosine: perlite (1:1) volume, hydroponic by deep flow technique (DFT), the plants were irrigated with Hoagland solution at two concentrations (0.5 X, 1X). The experiment was designed according to randomized complete blocks. The mean PEAT MOOS gave the best results and values ​​for the vegetative growth parameters. Where the average vegetative fresh weight of the plant, when treated with Peat moos, increased by (106.57%) compared to the control (8.21 g), the water factor, Peat moos: pumice, achieved a significant superiority over the rest of the treatments (without recording any differences between them) in the indicator A roots that reached Where they reached (28.22, 31.36), respectively, then, when you earn, his assets, his profits, his profits. The productivity of the essential oil in the Peat moos medium increased by (76.39) compared to the control (4.66). The hydroponics technique recorded a significant superiority with respect to root wet weight, achieving an increase of (771.02) % compared to the rest of the treatments. Focus on concentration for all key indicators (vegetative, root, productivity).

Keywords: Peat moos, mixture, deep flow technique, Hoagland solution, essential oil.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Catherine Nseir^(1)*, Mohamad Housam Bahlawan⁽²⁾, Ahmad Majar⁽³⁾ , and Fadi Abbas⁽³⁾

(1) Crop Research Administration, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Damascus, Syria.

(2) Faculty of Agriculture, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria.

(3) General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Eng. Catherine Nseir,  E-Mail: catynseir@gmail.com).

Received:12/09/2021           Accepted:21/11/2021

Abstract: 

This experiment was conducted in the labs of General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Researches GCSAR, Homs Center, during 2020. PEG₆₀₀₀ was applied to the germination media with low osmotic potentials (OP) i.e. 0, -0.2, -0.6, -1.0, MPa, for screening 10 lentil genotypes. Complete randomized design CRD with three replicates was used. The germination %, germination speed, radicle and hypocotyl length, and the genotypes classified according to these attributes, relative drought stress index, and Z. distribution. The results exhibited a genetic difference between the genotypes concerning the response to the application of PEG₆₀₀₀ in the media. The germination percent was decreased with the decline of osmotic potential 0, -0.2, -0.6, -1.0, MPa, The percent of germination were (98.98, 97.22, 93.89, 50.56 %) respectively, as compared with the control. While the speed of germination were (7.45, 6.06, 5.25, 1.76) respectively. The length of epicotyl and radicle were estimated in all of tested osmotic potentials, the results showed that with decreasing the osmotic potential the length decreased, and the decrement in epicotyl was more than radicle. And seed vigor  decreased with OP decreasing. According to the relation between germination percentage and speed through the z-distribution analysis, the genotypes were classified as tolerant to drought stress, i.e. G11, G15, G16, and. and could be sown successfully under the most drought conditions, compare to other genotypes.

Key words: Osmotic Potential, Polyethylene Glycol PEG₆₀₀₀, Germination Stage, Lentile.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Fatima Antar^(1)*, Ammar Zyoud ⁽²⁾ , and Muhammad Abdel Aziz ⁽¹⁾

 (1) Department of Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(2) Center for Scientific Agricultural Research. AL-Ghab, Hama, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Eng. Fatima Antar,  E-Mail: anterfatemah@gmail.com).

Received:18/10/2021          Accepted:30/12/2021

Abstract: 

The sorghum variety (Ezraa 7) was used to study the simple correlation and regression between some important traits and grain yield in sorghum, to find out the most studied traits that are related and contributed to yield, so that it helps the researcher to select them in order to obtain the best yield under the influence of different levels of irrigation and fertilization Potassium and sprayed with zinc .The experiment was carried out at Salhab village in Al-Ghab area – Hama governorate during the agricultural season 2020 according Split- Split Design with three replications, where irrigation dates were distributed to the main plots (7,14,21 days) in addition to the control treatment (14 days), while the secondary plots included potassium fertilization rates (60,80,100 kg/ha). And spraying with zinc (0.4, 0.8, 1.2 kg / h).  The results indicated that productivity ton/ha was strongly and significantly positively associated with the trait of grain weight per plant (r=0.865**) and moderately positive with the two traits of harvest index and protein percentage (r=0.328**, r=0.470**), respectively. Also, the correlation of the regression coefficient was positive and strong with the characteristics of the weight of the grains in the plant, the harvest index, the weight of 100 grains and the percentage of protein in the grains and thus it can, and thus can be adopted, these characteristics as electoral criteria to improve the productivity of sorghum under the conditions of cultivation and the studied treatments of irrigation, potash fertilization and spraying with zinc.

Keywords: `sorghum, irrigation, fertilization, potassium, zinc.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf