Alaa Ibrahim^{* (1)}, Najwa Ali⁽¹⁾, Aminah Issa⁽¹⁾, Abeer Habib⁽¹⁾ and Ghadah Ballol⁽¹⁾

(1). Ciano station, Scientific Agricultural Research center of Latakia, GCAR, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Alaa Suhiel Ibrahim, E-Mail: alaasoeb@gmail.com)

Received:12/12/2021                 Accepted:25/04/2022

Abstract: 

  This investigation was carried out as a third phase from 2019 to 2021 in a field at the citrus experimental station in Ciano, the general corps of scientific agricultural researches. The yield of orange trees (Washington Navel 141) budded on seven citrus rootstocks (Sour orange, Troyer citrange, Carrizo citrange, Citrumelo 4475, Citrumelo 1452, Macrophylla and Cleopatra mandarin) and farmed in 1989 have been studied over 3 seasons. The results of studying the average yield for the three seasons showed that the trees grafted on Citrumelo 1452 (143.33 kg/ tree) were significantly superior to those grafted on Macrophylla, Citrumelo 4475 and Carrizo citrange (83.33, 100 and 101.67 kg/ tree respectively). There were no significant differences between the treatments regarding the average fresh weight of the fruit. Otherwise, the trees grafted on Citrumelo 4475 significantly outperformed the other treatments in the average fruit peel thickness (3.99 mm). The biggest TSS % was in trees grafted on Troyer and Carrizo citrange, Citrumelo 4475 (12.25, 12 and 11.92 % respectively) which were significantly superior to those grafted on Sour orang (10.83 %), while the greatest TA % was by Citrumelo 1452 and Sour orange (1.55 and 1.41 % respectively) which significantly outperformed Macrophylla and Cleopatra mandarin (1.11 and 1.26 % respectively). 

Keywords: Orange, Navel, Rootstocks, Citrumelo, Cleopatra, Citrange.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Alaa Ghanem^(1)*, Mohamed Abd Elaziz⁽¹⁾, and Majd Darwish

(1). Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University,Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Eng. Alaa Mohammed Ghanem.E-Mail: engalaaghanem@gmail.com).

     Received: 18/12/2021                             Accepted: 19/04/2022

Abstract: 

 The research was conducted during 2019 in Tartous governorate, Beit Sheikh Yunus village.. to study the effect of nitrogen fertilization and Salicylic acid on some of the productive traits (number of flower/plant, fruit weight /plant, weight of 1000 fruit gr, fruit yield Kg/h, harvest index%) of Coriander plant Coriandrum sativum L(.with split plot with three replications. four nitrogen fertilization rates) N1=0 ،N2=60 ،N3=100، N4=140) kg/h   and three Salicylic acid  concentrations (S1=0، S2=20، S3=4) mlg/L were used .  The results showed yhat: the nitrogen fertilization rate (N3)achieved a significant superiority over the two rates(N1, N2) and non- significant superiority over the rate(N4)in all productive characteristics, also spraying with Salicylic acid (S3) gave a significant increase comparable with the other concentrations (S1,S2)in all the studied traits. The interaction between nitrogen fertilization rate (N3)and spraying with Salicylic acid (S3) gave the best values in all studied productive traits as the number of flower/plant reached (27.21) flower, fruit weight /plant (9.08) gr, weight of 1000 fruit (13.32) gr, fruit yield(900.36) Kg/h and harvest index(63.18)%.

Keywords: Nitrogen Fertilization, Salicylic acid, productive characteristics, Coriander.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Abboud Aljasim ^(1)*

(1). Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture,  Alfurat University, Syria.

(*Corresponding author:  Abboud aljasim : E-Mail: abboudaljasim@gmail.com)

Received: 18/01/2022                      Accepted: 13/04/2022

Abstract: 

The research was carried out during the two growing seasons 2020 – 2021 in deir ezzor governorate. The town of marat, which is located 10 km from deir ez zor city, with the aim of studying the effect of spraying using four concentrations of fulvic acid (0 – 1000 – 2000 – 3000) ppm on Quality and productivity traits, on cowpea plant. The experiment was designed according to a randomized complete block design with three replications. The results showed that spraying the foliage of cowpea plants with fulvic acid at a concentration of 3000 ppm has contributed to obtaining the best specifications for the fruits, as the length of one horn reached (17.7) cm, and the number of pods per plant reached (65.8) pods, and also contributed to obtaining the highest productivity per unit. The area amounted to (3568) kg/d.

Key words: Fulvic Acid, Pods, Cowpea, Productivity, Harvest.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Abdullah H .A. Al-hajj^*(1), Ahmed M. Eed ⁽¹⁾, Ahmed Ali  Rashed⁽¹⁾, Rana Ali Mohammed⁽¹⁾, Howida Jawad Abdalaziz⁽¹⁾ and Mosleh Abdalhamid⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Science, Ibb University, Ibb Governorate, Republic of Yemen.

 (*Corresponding author: Abdullah H .A. Al-hajj, E-mail: Abdullah_1963@yahoo.com)

Received:20/09/2022          Accepted:30/10/2022

Abstract: 

The experiment was conducted in the College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Ibb University, on   25/2/ 2022 , with the aim of studying the effect of spraying with licorice and garlic root extracts on some flowering and productivity indicators of the squash crop. A completely randomized design (R.C.D)was followed As a factorial experiment with three replications and two factors: The first factor is licorice root at three levels of 0, 3, 6 g/L. The second factor is garlic extract at four levels of 0, 2, 4, 6 cm³ / liter and with three sprays for each, the first in the stage of 3-4 true leaves, then repeat the spraying for the second and third time with an interval of two weeks between spraying and the other. A set of traits were studied, namely the number of female flowers, the number of male flowers, the sexual ratio, and percentage of nodes , the number of fruits/plant, the early yield ton/ha, the plant production kg, the total productivity ton/ha). The results showed that spraying with licorice root extract achieved an apparent insignificant increase in all studied indicators at the concentration of 3 g/L. Except for the plant production (kg) and the total productivity ton/ha, the same concentration led to a significant increase. The results also showed that spraying garlic extract at a concentration of 6 cm³ / liter led to a significant increase in all studied indicators. except for the number of male flowers, The same concentration led to a significant decrease. The interaction between spraying with licorice root powder extract and garlic extract had a significant effect on all studied traits compared to the control and the rest of the treatments. Except for the number of male flowers, the same concentration led to a significant decrease male flowers compared to the witness and the rest of the treatments. The research proved the effectiveness of garlic and licorice extracts at a certain concentration in increasing the number of female flowers against a decrease in the number of male flowers per plant, which results in an increase in plant production and thus an increase in the total productivity.

Keywords:  licorice root, garlic, productivity, Cucurbita pepo.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Sozan Alshawa⁽¹⁾ , Riad Zidan⁽¹⁾ and Mohamad Nadaf⁽²⁾

(1). Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(2). Department of Food science, Faculty of Agriculture Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author. Sozan Alshawa E-Mail: alshawasozan@gmail.com)

Received: 23/01/2022                              Accepted:22/05/2022

Abstract: 

The study was carried out during spring season 2021, in the nursery of the faculty of Agriculture at Tishreen University, in order to study the effect of four concentrations of Triflurallin: 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3 ml/L, on the production and inhibition of budding of potato tubers during storage for six months. Results showed the  superiority of the treatment with a concentration 2 ml/L in the total production, the standard production, and the productivity per plant: 5218 kg, 5129 kg/ dunum,1273 g/plant respectively; also there was a significant  decrease in the percentage of buds after 150 days storage with the treated tubers at a concentration of 3ml/l, It also showed a significant superiority in reducing the average number, length and weight of buds sprouted on one tuber; and the lowest natural weight loss was with the treatment concentration 2.5 ml/L after 90-120-150 days of storage. The study showed a decrease in the percentage of dry matter and starch and there were no significant differences between treatments at the end of storage.   

Key words: Potatoes, Storage, Yield, Triflurallin,  Budding.     

Full paper in Arabic: pdf                                 

Razan Knag ⁽¹⁾*, Badeeh Samra⁽²⁾ and Mohammad Ahmed⁽³⁾  

(1). Department of Agricultural Mechanization, Technical Faculty, Tartous University, Tartous, Syria.

(2). Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen university, Lattakia, Syria.

(3). Department of plant protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen university, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Razan knag. E-mail: Razanknag@gmail.com)

              Accepted: 13/04/2022           Received: 05/03/2022

Abstract: 

This experiment was carried out in Miaar Shaker village (Tartous) in agriculture season (2020-2021) with the aim of studying the effect of spraying with salicylic and ascorbic acids on growth, productivity and quality specifications of the fruits of tomato plants in greenhouse. The design of the randomized complete sectors was followed, and the experiment included 9 treatments and 4 replications. The results showed a significant increase in growth and productivity indicators when spraying with salicylic and ascorbic acids compared to untreated control. The use of a mixture of salicylic and ascorbic acids at a concentration of 400ppm each led to a significant increase in productivity which is (5.90 kg/plant) compared to (2.94 kg/plant) for control plants. The content of vitamin c of the fruits increased when treated with a mixture of the two acids reaching (34.29mg/100 g fresh matter) while it did not exceed (18.30 mg/100g fresh matter) in the fruits of the control, in addition to improving the quality specifications of the fruits, including indicators (dry matter, total sugar ratio and solidity fruits…). The use of the spraying treatment of salicylic and ascorbic acids lead to a decrease in the percentage of nitrate in the fruits(53.74ppm)  compared to the  control (109.94ppm).

Keywords: Tomato, Salicylic acid, Ascorbic acid, Greenhouse.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Noura Jamal ^(1)* , Ramez Mohammad⁽¹⁾ and Mahmoud Alio^(2).

(1). department  of Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(2). department of Agricultural Economy, Faculty of Agricultural, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Noura Jamal. E-Mail noura.jamal@tishreen.edu.sy)

Received:22/03/2022            Accepted:12/05/2022

Abstract: 

The response surface methodology was used to determine the optimal proportions of different diameters of Golan 2 wheat bran to produce Arabic bread, to verify the impact of two independent variables: the ratio of addition and the size of bran diameters on the response factor, namely the rheological characteristics by Mixolab apparatus and the sensory characteristics of Arabic bread. This study was carried out in the laboratory of the Department of Food Sciences at the Faculty of Agriculture university of Tishreen university and in one of the private ovens between 2020-2021 The experimental values were selected based on the results of the initial experiments where bran diameters greater than 1000 microns were excluded as a result of their negative impact on various rheological and sensory properties, less than 1,000 microns of bran were used at ratios (5-20)%. It was found that the optimal conditions for the maximum use of bran while maintaining sensory characteristics are 250 micron diameters by 14.1%, where the tests of Mixolab showed that the reduction of bran diameters reduced the time needed for the development of dough and gave longer time in the stability of the dough, and the results of baking showed the increase in the rise of the loaf with the decrease in the size of bran diameters, this indicates improved quality properties for the resulting bread.

Keywords: Response surface methodology, bran, rheological, Arabic bread, Golan2 wheat, different diameters.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Mohammed Dosh Aldaemes^(1)*

(1). Researcher in the General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Head of Food Technology Division, Hama Center, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Mohammed Aldaemes Email: dr.aldaemes@yahoo.com)

Received :25/02/2022                    Accepted: 4/04/2022

Abstract: 

The aim of the research to studying and evaluating the impact of saponins in quinoa seeds using treatment wet and dry methods, and the impact of these factors on the taste properties of the quinoa seeds. Work on the quinoa class /NSL-106398/ was planted at the Agricultural Scientific Research Center in Hama during the 2020 season, was tested /8/ different coefficients in the dry and wet methods using normal water, /4/ different coefficients in the dry and wet methods using alkaline water (0.1n NaoH) different at the time of soaking, boiling and roasting to determine the best treatment (with the lowest saponins, best taste). The results showed the treatment (8) which were (seeds washed with water and soaked for 24 hours + shaking with shawl water and dragging of foam for 30 minutes + boiling of seeds for 30 minutes + roasting of hot air + roasting to light brown.) was the best to dispose of bitter bait and to obtain high tasty Specifications, with an average of / 4.93/ with a very good final score on the Lykart scale, followed by treatment (7) (seeds washed with water and soaked for 24 hours + shaking with shawl water and dragging of foam for 30 minutes + boiling of seeds for 15 minutes+  roasting to light brown) with an average of my account /4.60/, and treatment (11) (seeds washed with normal water and soaked for 3 hours + alkaline water treatment 0.1 n + boil seeds for 15 + hot air drying + roasting until light brown.) with an average of my account /4.60/ and with a very good as result on the Likert scale, the research indicates that these parameters are used to get rid of the bitter taste in the quinoa seeds and insert them into local meals whether whole grains or flour added as supporting material.

Keywords: quinoa, saponins, wet method of washing and soaking in water, sensory properties.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Ghufran Ali Hassan^*(1) and Somaya Khalaf Badawi^*(1)

(1). Researcher in the Department of Food Sciences, College of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq.

(*Corresponding author: Ghufran Al Nuaimi, email: drem15712 @yahoo.com)

Received :16/06/2021                    Accepted: 16/02/2022

Abstract: 

The current study aimed to evaluate the use of flax gum and Arabic gum obtained from the local markets of the province of Mosul and to study the physical properties and the possibility of using them in the food industries, including ice cream. The results of the sensory evaluation of the produced ice cream showed the possibility of using Plant gums in the manufacture of milk ice cream, as the flax gum showed a desirable flavor to the consumer as it was similar to the flavor of walnut, while Arabic gum did not appear in it for its crumbly ice texture. The percentage of yield for gum flax is 81%, which is a very good percentage compared to Arabic gum, as it was 45%, which is a very low percentage, and it was found that it is somewhat unsuitable for its use in milky ice cream. The deflation rate in flax gum was 3.7%, and in Arabic gum, it was 0.33 because there is a direct relationship between rent and deflation. The rate of beating after the 15th minute was 80% in flax gum, and it decreased significantly in Arabic gum, reaching 45%. The percentage of Fusibility in flax gum after 30 minutes was 33.3%, while the percentage increased in Arabic gum by 71%, where the Fusibility is affected by several factors, including the amount of air combined during mixing and ice crystals.

Keywords: flax Gum, Arabic gum, yield, the phenomenon of deflation, ability to whisk, Fusibility property.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Samaher sakkour^(1)*, Ramez Mohammad⁽¹⁾, Sheiam Sulaeman⁽¹⁾ and Nesrin Naksho⁽²⁾

(1). Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tichreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(2). NCBT, Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Samaher sakkour . samahersakkour@outlook.sa).

Received 7/02/2022                 Accepted: 5/04/2022

Abstract: 

It was shown that all isolated fungi had capacity to produce xylanase. Xylanase from Trichoderma harzianum, The maximum xylanase activity was found at 30 ^°C temperature,7 pH, 5% w/v  concentration pods, 192 hour incubation time. Xylanase from T.viride , The maximum xylanase activity was found at 25 ^°C temperature,6.5 pH, 4% w/v  concentration pods, 120 hour incubation time. Xylanase from T.longibrachiatum, The maximum xylanase activity was found at 35 ^°C temperature,7 pH, 4% w/v  concentration pods, 168 hour incubation time. Xylanase from T.asperellum, The maximum xylanase activity was found at 40 ^°C temperature,6 pH, 4% w/v  concentration pods, 168 hour incubation time. 

Keywords: xylanase, Trichoderma spp, temperature, pH, concentration pods, incubation time.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf