Hanaa Suliman*⁽¹⁾, Riad Zidan⁽²⁾, and Hassan Khojah

(1). Directorate of Agriculture and Agrarian Reform, Ministry of Agriculture, Lattakia, Syria.

(2). Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria

(*Corresponding author: Hanaa Suliman. E-Mail: hanaa995995@gmail.com)

Received: 29/01/2022         Accepted: 21/06/2022

Abstract: 

The research was carried out in Tishreen University nursery during 2019-2020 seasons, to evaluate and characterize 12 types of garlic, Allium sativum L. planted in the coastal area of Syria. Results indicated significant differences between the cultivars in all of studied traits. The Bamreen cultivar was significantly superior in terms of the plant productivity (2.93 kg/m2)with dry leaves and (2.19 kg/m2)without dry leaves , plant height (83.94 cm), head diameter (4.77 cm), and number of lobes per head (28.5) traits. The Slenfeh cultivar significantly outperformed all other treatment in leaf width (3.14 cm), head average weight (43.83 g), and leaves number per plant (11 leaves), while the two types foregoing superior in head diameter(4.77, 4.75 cm) in the order.

Keywords: Local Garlic, Cultivar, Characterization, Evaluation. 

Full paper in Arabic: pdf 

Nada Othman*⁽¹⁾, Hitham Ismail ⁽¹⁾ and  Faysal Doway ⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Nada Othman. E-mail: nadaothman877@gmail.com )

Received: 9/06∕ 2022                      Accepted: 9∕ 08∕ 2022

Abstract: 

The experiment was carried out in germination lab college of Agricultural Engineering, Tishreen University to study the germination of stones and seeds of wild hawthorn trees from AL-Mzeraa area. Ripe fruits were collected in both season 2020-2021. The seeds were planted in Petri dishes contain cotton and gauze, in dark in temperature (8, 13, 25) Cº. The results showed the highest germination of seeds at temperature of 8cº with a germination rate of 27%. With no significant differences between it and temperature of 25cº, which gave a germination rate of 23%, but it took a shorter time to reach this percentage, so the best treatment is at a temperature of 25cº. When studying the effect of the seed coats on germination, it was found that the stones didn’t germinate at different temperatures, until the end of the experiments, while the seeds gave the following germination rates (27, 10 ,23) % when planted at different temperatures (8, 13, 25) c° respectively. As for the effect of lighting, it was found that there were no significant differences in the average number of germinated seeds for each of the light and dark treatments for the germination of hawthorn seeds when placed at a temperature of 20c°, and the germination rates in both treatments reached 26%.

Keyword: Hawthorn, Seeds germination, Stones, Light.

Full paper in Arabic:  pdf

Maher Hasan⁽¹⁾ and Rima Massa ^(2)*

(1). Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Damascus, Syria.

(2). Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tishreen, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Rima Massa. E-Mail: rima.massa@yahoo.com).

Received:  27/03/2022        Accepted: 19/07/2022   

Abstract: 

 This research was carried out in the laboratory of Soilless- the Faculty of Agriculture (Damascus/Syria) during the year 2020-2021. It aimed to study the effect of some plant extracts and foliar spraying with Zink on the propagation of semi-woody cuttings of Citrus aurantiifolia. Lemon cuttings were cultured using two variables: the first variable was five treatments: the control, cinnamon extract 3 g/l, licorice extract 3 g/l, yeast extract 3 g/l, IBA 2500 ppm; the second variable is two levels: without foliar spraying, and foliar spraying with zinc 250 ppm, in 6-liter plastic tubs filled with a mixture of peat moss and perlite (3:1). The study used a randomized complete block design. Result showed that plant extracts improve the ability of rooting in lemon’s semi-woody cuttings significantly compared to the control (rooting percentage, number and length of roots, number and length of shoots, number of leaves). The cinnamon extract recorded similar results to hormone’s treatment in all studied parameters. The recorded values ​​of rooting percentages were 84.74, 75.52, 58.70, 93.82% for the treatments (cinnamon, licorice, yeast, IBA) respectively compared to the control 33.98%.  The result of root’s number were converged in the treatment of licorice extract and the hormone 6.80, 7.24 root/cutting respectively, and significantly, superior compared to the control 2.58 root/cutting. The increase of shoot’s length was 64.16, 50.87, 26.88, 70.23% for the treatments (cinnamon, licorice, yeast, IBA) respectively, compared to the control 3.46 cm. Foliar spraying with zinc did not have a significant effect on the root parameters, but it improved all recorded values ​​.The interaction between two variables (IBA * Foliar spraying with zinc) was significantly increased all studied parameters; the rooting percentage was reached to 95.76%.   

Key words: Citrus aurantiifolia, rooting, Zink, plant extracts, semi-woody cuttings.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Nasr sleman⁽¹⁾, Jenan Othman ^{(1) *} and Hadeel Alshandi ⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tishreen, Latika, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Jenan Othman. E-Mail: jenan.othman@gmail.com).

Received:  22/03/2022        Accepted: 18/08/2022

Abstract: 

The research was carried out in Raas shamra in the spring of the agricultural season (2020). The research included studying the effect of treating potato plants with Mannitol in different concentration (15 – 30 – 45) mM on some morphology and productivity of the Potato crop (Sponta variety). The results showed a positive effect of spraying Mannitol on area of leaves, its index and plant production, The concentration 45 Mm was gave the highest value for area of leaves and its index while the concentration 15 Mm gave the highest value for the average tuber weight, while treatment 30 Mm  was the highest in the number of tubers, productivity of plant.

Key words: Potato, Ascorbic, the growth, productivity.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Mohammed Dosh Aldaemes^(1)*

(1). Food Technology Division, Hama Center, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Mohammed Aldaemes. E-Mail: dr.aldaemes@yahoo.com).

Received:  23/05/2022        Accepted: 5/09/2022

Abstract: 

The aim of the research was to study and evaluate the effect of adding cheese whey (CW) to replace the dough water with replacement rates of 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%, on the rheological and technological properties of hard Syrian wheat flour with extraction rates of 72% (zero flour), 80% (supply flour), 100% (whole flour), samples of Syrian hard wheat flour were collected from grain purchase centers in Hama City affiliated to the General Establishment for Trade, Processing and Storage of Grain Season 2021. The grains were sifted to get rid of impurities and defecates, then the infected grains were excluded. The grains were moistened to a degree of 16.5%, the amount of added water was calculated, the conditioned grains were ground to produce flour with extraction rates of 100%, 80% and 72%. Sweet cheese whey was obtained from sheep’s milk from a special center for the manufacture of cheese and milk in Hama Governorate. The results showed that replacing water by cheese whey with the levels of %25,%50,%75,and% 100 caused a significant increase (P<0.01) on dough mixing properties (Farinograph) and increase in the amount of water absorption, dough stability, dough development time and, dough rolling time, on extraction rates of 100%, 80% and 72%,comparison with control samples for each extraction ratio. The results showed increase values of dough energy and elastic dough and decrease of values resistant dough four substitution levels %25,%50,%75,% 100, caused A significant differences (P<0.01) on dough mixing properties (Extensograph) on extraction rates of 100%, 80% and 72%, comparison with control samples for each extraction ratio. the research indicates to take advantage of the expansion of experiments in the use of cheese whey of in expensive alternative to additive, texture improve and supportive materials used in the bakery industry.

Key words: Cheese Whey, Whole Wheat Flour, Rheological and Technology Properties of Flour.

Full paper in Arabic:  pdf

Afraa Masri ^(1)*, Rhamez Mohammad ⁽¹⁾ and Lina Rayya⁽²⁾

(1). Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture , Tishreen University, Lattakia. Syria.

(2). General Commission for Scientific Agriculture Research, Damas, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Afraa Masri. E-Mail: afraamasri90@gmail.com).

Received:  24/04/2022        Accepted: 24/07/2022

Abstract: 

This study was carried out   in Scientific Agricultural Research Center in Lattakia- Tishreen University in the period between 2021-2022, The study aimed to study the optimal conditions for extracting of mucilage from the root of the Althaea sp by applying six treatments in the extraction, at a rate of three replicates, which are (Water at room temperature + isopropanol A, water at 40 °C + isopropanol B, water at 60 °C + isopropanol C, room temperature water + ethanol D, water at 40 °C ˚ + ethanol E, water at 60 °C ˚ + ethanol F), where the effect of two variables was studied. They are the extraction temperature and the type of solvent used, and the effect of these variables on the yield, organoleptic properties and some physicochemical indicators of the resulting powder. The study and the results of the statistical analysis at the level of significance (1%) showed the effect of the extraction temperature on the color of the resulting powder, as it reached the lowest evaluation with treatments (C, F). اRegarding the physicochemical properties, it was found that they were moderately acidic, and the values ranged between (5.45) for treatment (F) and 6.20)) for treatment (C). Also, all mucilage solutions prepared at 1% concentration were characterized by a high viscosity, which recorded the highest value ((4.562 centipoise for treatment B).therefore the effect of the extraction temperature was negative on the viscosity of the mucilage solutions. In terms of yield, it was observed that there was a joint effect of temperature and type of solvent on the yield percentage. The treatment using isopropanol and incubation at 40°C was superior to obtaining the highest yield (25.82 g/100 g dry weight).

Key words: mucilage, Althaea sp, sensory properties, yield, type of solvent, viscosity.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Rabab Saoud⁽¹⁾*,  Ramez Mohammad⁽¹⁾ and  Sanaa Sara⁽²⁾

(1). Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture , Tishreen University, Lattakia. Syria

(2). Department of Biology, Faculty of Science , Tishreen University, Lattakia. Syria

(*Corresponding author: Rabab Saoud. E-Mail: rabab.s.saoud.2019@gmail.com).

Received 22/7/2022     Accepted 4/09/2022

Abstract: 

The content of total phenols and some mineral elements in addition to the color degree of six flour samples extraction rate (70 and 80) % produced from four varieties of Syrian wheat, two soft (sham₄, sham₈) and two durum (sham₅, sham₇) were studied, Samples were obtained from Qarahta research station 2019 harvest year,. The results showed an increase in the degree of color with the increase of the extraction rate, the highest degree was 3.77 in the flour mixture (Sham₄ and Sham₅), the percentage of the total phenols increased in the flour extraction 80%, the highest values were in the flour mixtures, flour of (Sham₄ and Sham₅) mixture also had the highest value of the total phenols and ferulic acid (629.6, 479.5) µg/g respectively, the results also showed an increase in the concentrations of minerals with the increase of the extraction rate and the addition of durum wheat to the mixture. Phosphorous recorded the largest concentrations among studied minerals, and its highest value was 175 mg/100 g in the mixture flour (Sham₄ and Sham₇), While iron was the most concentrated among the micronutrients mineral studied, the highest value was 3.61 mg/100 g in the mixture flour (Sham₄ and Sham₅), while the highest value of the copper was 0.44 mg/100 g in the mixture flour (Sham₈ and Sham₅), the highest value of magnesium was 76.63 mg/100 g in the mixture flour (Sham₄ and Sham₇), while the mixture flour (Sham₈ and Sham₇) had the highest value of calcium 39.53 mg/100 g.

Keywords: Syrian wheat flour, extraction rate, color degree, total phenols, ferulic acid, minerals.

Full paper in Arabic:  pdf

Shereen Aladas*⁽¹⁾ ,  Mohamad Kurbesa⁽²⁾ and  Manhil Alzuabi⁽²⁾

(1). Natural Resource Research Department,General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Damascus, Syria.

(2). Department of renewable natural resources and environment, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, University of Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding Autor: Shereen AL adas,E-Mail:  Shereen2143193@ gmail.com).

Received: 1/06/2022           Accepted: 13/06/2022

Abstract: 

The effect of organic fertilization and bio fertilization on the growth and productivity of Sesbania was carried out in the nursery of Faculty of Agriculture – University of Damascus (Syria) during 2018 season in pots containing soil of Al-Salameh  within four treatments in a simple randomized trial with six replications. The results showed that increasing in plant length in the treatments of organic fertilization and organic fertilization with biofertilization significantly (7.8 and 7.78 cm, respectively) compared with biofertilization and control (6.37 and 6.03 cm, respectively) in the early stage of growth. At the beginning of flowering, the length of the plant increased in the treatment of organic fertilization, biofertilization and organic fertilization with biofertilization significantly (105.6, 102, 104.6 cm, respectively) compared to the control (91.5 cm). While at the beginning of the maturity of the pods, the plant length increased significantly in the treatment of organic fertilization with biofertilization (199.6 cm) compared to other treatments. The number of pods and their weight and seed weight in the treatment of organic fertilization with biofertilization were significantly increased (27.42 pods, 19.82 g and 13.3 g respectively) compared to the control. The number of root nodes in organic fertilization with biofertilization treatment increased significantly (44.83 nodes/ plant), and the wet weight of the nodes (2.91 g / plant) and their dry weight (1.16 g / plant) compared to the other treatments.

Keywords: Rhizobium bacteria, Bacterial nodles, Sesbania aculeata, Organic Fertilization, Biofertilization.

Full paper in Arabic:  pdf

Soulaiman issa *⁽¹⁾, Roula jacoub⁽²⁾  and Ali zayak⁽³⁾

(1). Barsheen research station, GCSAR, Hamah, Syria.

(2). Field crops section, Faculty of agriculture, Damascus university, Syria.

(3). Medicinal and aromatic plants section, GCSAR, Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding Autor: Soulaiman issa, E-Mail:  soulaimanissa4@gmail.com).

Received: 13/02/2022         Accepted: 29/05/2022

Abstract: 

The experimental was carried out in (2019-2020) at three research stastions ( Barsheen, Zahid and Almokhtarya) to identify the influence of environmental regions and different growing stages ( green grow – flowering – fruit formation- full maturity ) on the essential oil percentage of ( T.vulgaris) plant . the statical analysis results showed out  that there was a significant variants between the studied factors that affect the essential oil percentage of ( T.vulgaris)  and the region (Barsheen station ) was the best significantly on average (3.18%) then Almokhtarya (3.02%) with out significant variants while Zahid station was the least at (2.22%) . also the full maturity stage was the best significantly with average (3.8%) then fruit formation stage (3.37%) and the green grow stage was the least (1.37%) .While the treatment (Barsheen- Full maturity) was the best significantly with average (6.5%) then (Almokhtarya- Fruit formation) and (Barsheen – green grow ) was the least (1.2%).  That certificate the eco flexibility of thymus vulgaris and the variants of oil yield within the different environmental factors of planting region beside the stage of collecting the economical part of plant.

Keywords : Thymus.Vulgaris, Environmental region, collecting stage, essential oil percentage.

Full paper in Arabic:  pdf

Mary Hosh ^(1)* , Samir Tabbache ⁽¹⁾ , Dina Haddad ⁽²⁾ and Hanan Habak ⁽³⁾

(1). Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(2). Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(3). General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Lattakia, Syria.

(*corresponding author :  Mary Hosh , E mail: maryhosh@gmail.com).

Received: 27/03/2022                    Accepted: 29/06/2022

Abstract: 

The research was carried out by randomized complete sectors design with five replications in a greenhouse belonging to the Faculty of Agricultural Engineering at Tishreen University in fall season of 2019, to study the effect of dry powder of sticky fleabane Inulla viscosa L. leaves mixed with soil with concentrations 1, 2, and 4% on the growth of tomato plants Lycopersicum esculentum L. On the one hand, and in the germination of Orobanche ramose L. seeds, on the other hand. The results showed the stimulating effect of the three concentrations used of Inulla viscosa on seeds germination of Orobanche ramose, and an increasing in tubers formed number and in biomass of O.ramosa plants related directly with the increase of the tested concentrations compared to the control infected with the branched broomape, where the average number of tubers at the three studied concentrations was 49.25, 78.00, 69.50 tuber/plant respectively compared to the control 28.50 tuber/plant, and the average of dry weight of the O.ramosa  plants recorded 6.89, 8.49, 8.88 g, respectively, compared to the control 1.38 g.Noting that the tested concentrations of Inulla viscosa did not affect the health and vitality of the tomato plants treated with them.

Key words: tomato, Lycopersicum esculentum, broomrape, Orobanche ramose, sticky fleabane,  Inulla viscosa, Allelopathic effect.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf