Nagham Allan*^(1), Emad Koubaily⁽¹⁾ and Wael Ali⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Forestry and Ecology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author:  Nagham Allan Lattakia. Syria. E-mail: naghamallan5@gmail.com)

Received: 17/07/2022              Accepted:20/10/2022

Abstract: 

This research was carried out in Wata Al Rastin -Al Bahloulyia site – Lattakia for the year (2020-2022) to study the wood productivity of a pure forest of (cupressus sempervirens L.) at the age of 25 yr. The area of each plot was 400 m². The following parameters were taken for each plot: tree number, diameter at breast height, crown width trees, and 15 trees height. A developed equations (for the year 2022) was applied, It was Previously reached by cutting down 8 of cypress trees in the same study area and estimated the form factor, the wood stock, and the biomass. The results showed that the mean form factor was 0.30, and the wood stock was 172.75 m³/ha with tree density 247 tree/ha . For the mean biomass, it amounted 403.30 ton/ha. The mean annual increment achieved value of 6.91 m³/ha/year and the base area 4.69 m²/ha.

Key words: Wood Productivity, Wood Stock, Biomass, cupressus sempervirens .

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

May Ayyash^(1)* , Hassan Kaur⁽¹⁾ , Abdul Mohsen Al-Sayed Omar⁽²⁾ and Yasser  Al Salama⁽³⁾

 (1). Dept. of Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria.

(2). Dept. of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria.

(3). Dept. of Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Al Furat University, Der Ezzor, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Mai Alayash E-Mail: maiayash1980@gmail.com)

Received: 25/06/2022              Accepted:16/10/2022

Abstract: 

The research was carried out at Kuskeis Research Station during the agricultural season 2019/2020, to show the effect of isolates of mycorrhizae on the growth of the black barley crop under rain-fed conditions. turf, onion, corn) and my mycorrhizal concentration was (2.5 ml, 5 ml) in addition to the control, By studying the growth indicators, it was found that the treatment (bm22) mycorrhizae type II, the second concentration, was superior among the treatments with respect to plant height, and the treatment (bm32) mycorrhizal type III, the second concentration, with respect to root length and spike length, and the results showed for plant weight and root weight the superiority of treatment (bm22). Mycorrhiza type II concentration II plant weight, And the treatment (bm12) mycorrhiza the first type, the second concentration for the weight of the root, and the superiority of the treatments of (bm22) the second type, the second concentration, in the weight of a thousand grains, the number of spikes in m2 and grain yield, as well as in the availability of phosphorous in the soil, As for potassium in soil, the treatment (bm32) of the third type outperformed the second concentration in its availability, and the superiority of treatment (bm22) in the rate of mycorrhizal infection in all stages of plant growth, this treatment was the best in the rate of infection and response to the vaccine and the reflection of that On the availability of phosphorous and plant growth by improving its productivity in rain-fed conditions

Key words: drought, barley, mycorrhiza, (Arbuscular Mycorrhiza fungi) AMF

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Mohammad Nizam^(1)* and Ziad Khouri ⁽¹⁾

(1). Latakia Research Center, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research GCSAR, Damascus, Syria.

(^*Corresponding author: Dr: Mohammad Nizam. E-Mail: mohammad.nizam.85@hotmail.com).

Received: 14/03/2022             Accepted: 14/10/2022

Abstract: 

The experiment was conducted for two years (2020-2021) on Nectarin trees (Legrand cv.) in Kassab research station of the scientific agricultural research center – Latakia governorate to study the impact of different concentrations of urea and humic foliar spray and their interaction on the improvement of vegetative growth. The experiment showed that the spray with urea and humic gave the highest significant effect compared to individual spray in most of the studied indicators. Comparing the foliar spray treatment (urea 2 g/l + humic 2 g/l) with other treatments, it recorded the highest significant values in terms of average shoots diameter, dry matter percent, and phosphorus and potassium contents on leaves, whereas foliar spray treatment (urea 3 g/l + humic 2 g/l) recorded the highest significant value in terms of total chlorophyll content of leaves.

Keywords: Nectarine, Foliar spray, Urea, Humic.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Kamel Khalil * ⁽¹⁾, Maher Dais ⁽²⁾ and Basel Fares ⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Environmental Prevention, Higher Institute for Environmental Research, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(2). The General Authority for Scientific Agricultural Research, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. kamel Khalil, Email: d.kamelkhalil@tishreen.edu.sy).

Received: 19/09/2022                        Accepted: 16/10/2022

Abstract: 

This study aimed to assess the levels of soil pollution using some individual pollution index (Enrichment Factor, Geoaccumulation index, Pollution index) and some integrated pollution index (Average pollution index and Nemerow pollution index) in surface soils (0-20 cm) for nine sites (S1- S9) in Banyas during the year 2021. Concentrations of metal elements were estimated: lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe). The results showed that the order of elemental concentrations (general average) in ppm was as follows: [Fe (3479.66) > Mn (577.06) > Zn (69.32) > Pb (30.69) > Ni (28.20) > Cu (25.49) > Cd (0.55)]. The results showed that the order of Enrichment Factor values (general average) were as follows: [Cd (4.35) > Pb (2.53) > Zn (1.1) > Fe (1) > Mn (0.62) > Cu (0.48) > Ni (0.39)], we conclude that the city soil has moderate enrichment for the elements cadmium and lead. The results showed that the order of the Geoaccumulation index values (general average) were as follows: [Cd (1.24) > Pb (0.53) > Zn (-0.61) > Mn (-1.45) > Cu (-1.84) > Ni (-2.17). )> Fe (-464)]. We conclude that the city soil is classified as moderately polluted for cadmium and not polluted to moderately polluted for lead. The results showed that the order of the Pollution index values (general average) were as follows: [Cd (3.68) > Pb (2.19) > Zn (0.99) > Fe (0.93) > Mn (0.56) > Cu (0.42) > Ni (0.34)]. The results indicated that the city soil is classified as highly polluted for cadmium and moderately polluted for lead, while the rest of the elements were all within the classification (non-polluted). The results indicated that the soil in all sites was classified as (medium pollution) according to the Average pollution index and the Nemerow pollution index (general average).

Key Words: Heavy metals concentration- Soil pollution index- Banyas city (Syria).

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Ghonwa Khaddour *⁽¹⁾, and Muhammad Manhal Al-Zoubi ⁽²⁾

(1). Administration of technical affairs, General commission for scientific agricultural research, Latakia center, Syria.

(2) . Administration of natural resources research, General commission for scientific agricultural research, Damascus center, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Ghonwa Khaddour, E-Mail: ghonwakhaddour@hotmail.com).

Received: 19/09/2022   Accepted: 16/10/2022

Abstract: 

This research was conducted at the agricultural scientific research center in Latakia/ General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR) in 2017/2018, to study the possibility of Olive Mill Wastewater (OMW) treatment, through the application of aerobic and anaerobic treatment techniques, in order to reduce the total phenolic content, and investigate biogas production, when anaerobic treatment is performed. The aerobic treatment included a reference (OMW without dilution and with no additives) for comparison, and three groups of experiments, in which OMW was adjusted with water by 45, 20 and 0%, and an additive was used with a 5% concentration of the mixture. Four additives were used in this work: molasses, bakery yeast, Azotobacter (AZ) and Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria (PSB). Three replicates per addition were adopted. The results of the aerobic treatment showed a reduction in the total phenolic content, in all the experiments compared to the reference, and reached its maximum of 85% when PSB was added and with no dilution. The addition of PSB to OMW, with no dilution, was adopted for the application of anaerobic treatment. It was performed using a laboratory designed digester, and under a controlled temperature of 35 ºC. During the anaerobic treatment, it was found that on the day 21 of the experiment, biogas production has started. At the end of the treatment, in the day 47 of the experiment, it was possible to reduce the total phenolic content by 73%, and produce 3 m³/day of biogas under regular air pressure.

Key words: Olive Mills Wastewater (OMW), aerobic and anaerobic treatment, Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria (PSB), biogas.

Full paper in English: pdf

Muhammad Abdul Aziz ⁽¹⁾,Hussam Eddin Khalasi⁽¹⁾ and Ghadeer Al-Houshi ^(2)*

(1). Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University Lattakia, Syria.

(2). Directorate of Agriculture in Latakia, Ministry of Agriculture and Agrarian Reform, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Ghadeer Al-Houshi, E-mail: ghadeerrafikalhoushi@gmail.com).

Received: 21/08/2022                   Accepted:2/10/2022

Abstract: 

 Afield experiment was conducted in the village of Giebul in the countryside of Jableh during the agricultural season 2021/2022, to study the effect of adding (urea 46%) at a rate of 0, 100 and 200 kg/ha, and potassium sulfate fertilizer at a rate of 0 and 100 kg/ha and the interaction between them in some Productivity traits of Eruca sativa “local” plant, the experiment was designed as a factorial experiment carried out in a randomized complete block design with three replications, and the comparison between the means was done using the least significant difference test L.S.D at the level of significance of 5%. The results showed that there was a significant effect of urea fertilization in all studied traits. The average 200 kg/ha nitrogen achieved the highest seed production with an average of (213.50 g/m²), the highest number of seeds/plant (1006.50 seeds), and the highest biological yield (525.00 g/m²). And the highest weight of 100 air-dried fruits was (9.84 g). The results also showed a significant effect of potassium sulfate fertilization in all studied traits, as the rate of 100 kg/ha achieved the highest seed yield with an average of (155.48 g/m2), the highest number of seeds/plant (1925.33 seeds), and the highest biological yield (420.00 g/m²) and the highest weight of 100 air-dried fruits (8.43 g). The interaction between urea fertilization and potassium sulfate had a significant effect on all studied traits, as the interaction 200 kg/ha urea and 100 kg/ha potassium sulfate achieved the largest rates in all studied traits.

Key words: Rocket, Fertilization, Urea, Potassium, Productivity.

Full paper in Arabic:  pdf

Ammar Abbas^(1)*, Ghonwa Khaddour⁽¹⁾  and Lama Kafa.

(1). Agriculture Research Center of Latakia. Section of Natural Resources.

(*Corresponding author:Ammar Abbas, E-mail: Abdullah_1963@yahoo.com)

Received: 22/08/2022                   Accepted:31/08/2022

Abstract: 

This research was conducted based on maize crop experiment in Agricultural Scientific Research Center of Lattakia among the years 2018-2019. In order to domenstrate the importance of using MABIA as an integrated model in irrigation through basic inputs inclauding climatic factors for  calculating potential evapotranspiration ET0 (temperature, relative humidity, solar radiation and wind speed), soil mechanical analysis and soil moisture indicators (field capacity, permanent wilting point, saturation) and crop (variety. , planting and harvesting date), the irrigation system (surface, sprinkler, drip) and irrigation criteria (TAW, RAW….). Scenarios of studying crop water requirement and water productivity were suggested including: changing soil texture, deficit irrigation and the combination the two previous scenarios, based on logical assumptions leads to important results and recommendations regard to crop water requirement under climate change impacts. Maize water requirement was 7740 m3 in 2018 and 7670 m3 in 2019. soil mechanical analysis and accurate determination of soil texture have important effects on irrigation requirement and crop yield.

Key words: maize, water requirement, model, MABIA, scenario.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Abdullah H.A. Al-hajj ^*(1) , Esmael Elmosanif⁽¹⁾, Ahmed M. Eed ⁽¹⁾, Sadam alwael⁽¹⁾ and  Shamsan Sharaf Al-Din⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Science, Ibb University, Ibb Governorate, Republic of Yemen.

(*Corresponding author:Abdullah Al-hajj , E-mail: Abdullah_1963@yahoo.com)

Received: 18/04/2023                   Accepted:8/06/2023

Abstract: 

In 2018, the research was conducted at the farm of the University of Ibb’s Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences. The investigation included nitrogen fertilizer concentrations of 0, 140, 280, 420, and 560N kg/ha. The investigation was conducted using a completely randomized block design with three replications. Except for the concentration of 420N kg/ha, the concentration of 560 N kg/ha produced the greatest number of secondary stems/plant, plant height (cm), and number of leaves/plant.The differences between them were insignificant. Fertilization had no significant effect on the number of main stems, as the study revealed that the concentration of 420N kg/ha gave the highest values and a significant advantage over all other treatments for the ratio of the number and weight of large tubers, plant production/kg, average tuber weight/kg, and total productivity ton/ha. They were 71.93, 82.13, 69.98, 1.67, 0.20, 68.16respectively, whereas the treatment with 420N kg/ha registered the lowest values for the number and weight of small and medium tubers, with a significant decrease compared to the other fertilization rates. On the other hand, utilizing the same nitrogen fertilizer rate of 420N kg/ha led to a significant increase in the number of tubers in the plant compared to the control and the higher concentration, resulting in the highest yield of 68.16N kg/ha.
Keywords: Nitrogen, fertilization, growth, yield, potato cultivar Panamera.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Shafak Harfoush* ⁽¹⁾, Haitham Shahin ⁽²⁾ and Mudar Harfoush ⁽³⁾

(1). Directorate of Solid Waste Management, the General Secretariat in Tartous Governorate, Tartous, Syria.

(2). Environmental Engininring Department, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(3). Department Of Environmental Systems Engineering, Higher Institute For Environmental Research, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

 (*Corresponding author: Shafak Harfoush. E-Mail. Shafakhar@Hotmail.com)

Received:4/05/2022            Accepted: 21/09/2022

Abstract: 

 The research aims to calculate the amount of compost resulting from fermentation of one ton of organic materials separated from the waste of Tartous Governorate, in addition to monitoring changes in temperature, air oxygen saturation, and humidity of organic matter during the fermentation process. The research was conducted at the Solid Waste Treatment Center in Tartous Governorate during the period (1/6/2019,1/8/2019), in the aerobic fermentation yard of organic materials separated from the rest of the waste, which passes through three stages: The first is physical, the second is biological (natural ventilation), and the third is final (maturation).The results showed that every one ton of coarse organic materials produces 400 kg of compost, and every one ton of soft organic materials produces 600 kg of compost. It was found that the resulting compost maintains good humidity during the fermentation period (month)(40-60)%,and its temperature reaches (60°C) during fermentation. Therefore, the sterilization process was achieved, and the dangerous pathogenic germs were eliminated. We noticed a decrease in the oxygen saturation rate with the increase in the biological fermentation time and that it reached the final ripening period with 60% humidity and moderate temperature and no unpleasant smell.

Keywords: Compost, Municipal Solid Waste, Fermentation    (composting) , organic waste- Oxygen saturation rate.  

Full paper in Arabic:  pdf

Reham Bakkar^(1)*, Faraj Naoum ⁽¹⁾, Muhammad Manhal Al Zoubi ⁽²⁾ and Abdulghani Alkhaldi⁽²⁾

(1). Department of Rural Engineering, College of Agricultural Engineering, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria.

(2). General Commission for Scientific Agriculture Research, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Reham Bakkar, E-mail: rehambkr123sy@gmail.com)

Received:7/05/2022       Accepted:  21/09/2022

Abstract: 

The research was carried out at the Agricultural Scientific Research Center in Homs Governorate, affiliated with the General Authority for Scientific Agricultural Research. This research aims to study the effect of irrigation methods (surface, sprinkler, and drip) on the productive and qualitative characteristics of forage beet (spring hand or springtime) during the 2021 agricultural season, according to a randomized complete sector design with three replications. Irrigation treatments included (surface irrigation – sprinkler irrigation – drip irrigation). The results of the analysis of variance showed that there were no significant differences in root weight among the studied irrigation methods, the root weight ranged between (49.92 tons/ha for surface irrigation and 44.64 tons/ha for drip irrigation), and the differences were 0. It outperformed the surface irrigation method by about 25.5% and the drip irrigation method by about 8.9%, and the efficiency of irrigation water use was higher by the drip irrigation method than by the surface irrigation method by about 15.2%. The results also showed that there were no significant differences between irrigation methods in the vegetative yield, while the surface irrigation method outperformed the sprinkler and drip irrigation methods in root length, root diameter, and Brix percentage.

Keywords: irrigation methods, productive and quality characteristics, fodder beet.

Full paper in Arabic:  pdf