Rasha Fajer Al-Jebory^(1)* and Fadhil Rassol Al-Khfajy⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Animal Science, Agriculture College- Al-Qasim Green University, Iraqi.   

(*Corresponding author:   Rasha Fajer Al-Jebory. E-Mail: Rahsa.fajer1989@agre.uoqasim.edu.iq ).

Received:  21/10/2023        Accepted: 24/12/2023

Abstract: 

 This experiment was conducted in the farm of Al-Anwar Poultry Company in Babylon/Al-Muradiyah Government, for the period from 7/25/2023 to 8/29/2023, where 300 broiler chickens (Ross 308) were used, divided into 5 treatments, with 3 replicates for each treatment and each replicate. 20 chicks, and nano-methionine-zinc was added to the diet at a concentration of 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 mg/kg feed for treatments T1, T2, T3, T4, and T5, respectively. All birds in the treatments were exposed to heat stress (35±1 degrees Celsius) for the duration of the experiment (35 days). The results showed a significant decrease in the concentration of glucose, cholesterol, uric acid, triglycerides, and MDA (Malondialdehyde) in nano-methionine-zinc addition treatments compared to the control treatment. A significant improvement occurred for treatments T3, T4, and T5 in the concentration of LDL (Low-density lipoprotein), and the two treatments T4 also improved. In addition, T5 in the concentration of VLDL (Very low-density lipoprotein) compared to the control treatment. A significant increase in the concentration of glutathione peroxidase was shown in favor of the treatments T2, T4 and T5 compared to the control treatment. A significant increase in the level of the enzymes AST (Aspartate aminotransferase) and ALT (Alanine aminotransferase) was shown in the blood of the T1 treatment birds compared to the rest of the study treatments. There was a significant increase in the level of antibodies against infectious bronchitis in favor of the T4 treatment birds. The level of antibodies against Newcastle disease also increased in the blood of the T3 and T5 treatment birds compared with the T1 control treatment.

Keywords: amino acid nanoparticles, thermal stress, broiler chickens, nanotechnology.  

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Jafar  Mohamad* ⁽¹⁾, Ali  Nisafi ⁽²⁾, Mohamad  Salhab ⁽¹⁾, and Bushra  Alissa ⁽²⁾       

(1). Lattakia Research Center, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Lattakia, Syria.

(2). Department of Animal Production, College of Agricultural Engineering, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding  author: Eng. Jafar Mohammad, E.mail: jafar202m2@gmail.com)

Received: 11/07/2022         Accepted: 28/12/2022

Abstract: 

This study was conducted on 360 fertilized eggs from ROSS broilers, where the eggs were distributed homogeneously into four different treatments according to the light color applied so that Each treatment included 90 eggs, and one treatment included three replicates, 30 eggs for each replicate, with the unification of hatching and post-hatching conditions for all treatments. The treatments were subjected to different patterns of illumination: T1 (continuous darkness 0L_0lux:24D), T2 (12 hours blue light vs 12 hours darkness (12LB _35lux:12D), T3 (12 hours green light vs 12 hours darkness) T4 (12LG_35lux:12D), T4 (12 hours blue-green mix vs 12 hours darkness) (12L_{Mix B+G35lux}: 12D) . The results showed a significant increase in hatching percentage, hatching percentage and average weight of hatched chicks in treatments T2, T3, T4 subject to the influence of colored LED lighting in comparison with the control treatment T1 (continuous darkness), and treatment T4 (a mixture of blue and green colors) outperformed the rest of the treatments as it achieved Hatching rate of 89.23%, hatching rate of 78.41% and chick weight at hatching 43.11 g compared to the lowest values ​​in the T1 control treatment (hatching rate of 80.15%, hatching rate of 71.12% and chick weight at hatching 41.35 g) .As for the percentage of total fetal mortality and hatching time, it decreased significantly in the colored LED treatments (T2, T3, T4) compared to control treatment T1 (continuous darkness), and the lowest percentage was in T4 treatment (a mixture of blue and green colors), as total fetal mortality was 7.13% and hatching time 480.1 hours compared to the highest values ​​in control T1 treatment (total fetal death rate 27.62% and hatching time 89.5 hours). As for average weight of the fetus, it increased significantly in colored light treatments (T2, T3, T4) compared to control treatment T1 (continuous dark) during different stages of fetal development studied (7 days, 11 days, 19 days) and the treatment T4 achieved (the two colors mix). blue and green) had the highest average fetal weight during the three stages, it reached 1.54 g at 7 days of age, 7.68 g at 11 days of age, and 32.27 g at 19 days of age, while these values ​​in the T1 control were (1.23 g, 6 ,42 g and 29.79 g, respectively). It is concluded from this study that the introduction of a system Colorful LED lighting alternating with darkness (12L:12D) contributes to improving the hatching process and the quality of the hatched chicks, thus achieving higher yields, which can be adopted as a new management method in poultry production chain in Syria.

Keywords: LED lights, artificial hatching, lighting system, broiler.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Bilal Natiq Abdul-Wahhab⁽¹⁾, Basim Aboud Abbas^(2)* and Ammar Talib Dhiab Al-Tememy⁽²⁾

(1). General Company for Agricultural Supplies, Ministry of Agriculture, Iraq.

(2). Department of Animal Production, College of Agriculture, University of Diyala, Iraq.

 (*Corresponding author: Basim Aboud Abbas,  E.ail:  bsmmuhandis@yahoo.com)

Received:  18/08/2022                     Accepted: 16/01/2023

Abstract: 

The experiment aims to monitor changes in the environmental conditions inside the poultry house, a comparison between the times, the locations inside of the hall. Use 405 broiler chicken Rose-308. The results showed a significant effect among the measurement time, day and night, as it gave the highest temperature and lowest relative humidity during the day in comparison with the night, however no significant effect was recorded on dew point and carbon dioxide. The locations of the hall, the front of the hall outperformed in comparison with the middle and the end of the hall with in terms of the lowest temperature, highest relative humidity, dew point and lowest carbon dioxide level. The temperature during the day was higher than it was at night, and the relative humidity was the highest at the front of the hall at night and the lowest at the end of the hall during the day, and the dew point was the highest at the front of the hall during the day and the lowest at the end of the hall at night. As for carbon dioxide, it was not significantly affected by the interaction between the measurement time and location. Where the highest temperature was recorded at 28.44° C with time during the day and the location at the end of the hall, and the lowest relative humidity was 49.184% during the day in the center of the hall, with the dew point and carbon dioxide not being affected significantly. The evening hall’s starting locations outperformed with the lowest temperature of 26.169 °C, the highest relative humidity of 50.57%, and the dew point of 25.34 °C, while no significant effect was recorded for the site and time together on the level of carbon dioxide. There was no effect of the site on the live body weight, while it was found that there was a significant effect of the site in the fifth week in the average weekly weight gain, the first week of the feed intake and feed conversion ratio, as well as a significant effect of the site in the mortality ratio.                                                                        Keywords:  broiler, poultry houses, poultry environment, environmental factors, dew point.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Nada ALAmeir*⁽¹⁾ and Mohammad ALSheikh⁽²⁾

(1). Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Alfurat University, Deir Al-Zour, Syria.

(2). Department of Soil and Land Reclamation, Faculty of Agriculture, Alfurat University, Deir Al-Zour, Syria.

 (*Corresponding author: Dr. Nada ALAmeir. E-Mail: mmnndd9074@gmail.com).

Received: 21/09/2022                          Accepted: 12/12/2022

Abstract: 

The research was carried out during the 2022 in a private farm in Deir El-Zawr Governorate on watermelon plants (Citrullus lanatus L.) Hybrid(Joud F₁) in order to study the effect of each of the foliar spraying with dry bread yeast using several concentrations, including (0, 2, 4, and 6) g/ l, at a rate of three sprays, the first when the second true leaf appears, the second at the beginning of the fruit set, and the third in two weeks before maturity, and the distances between one plant and another (1.5, 2 and 2.5) m in the growth and yield of watermelon. The results showed that spraying bread yeast at a concentration of (6) g/L was significantly superior to the rest of the spraying treatments and control in the number of leaves, leaf area, chlorophyll content of leaves, weight of the fruit and productivity. The distance of 2 m between the plants gave the highest values in all the studied characteristics except for the yield, which achieved its highest value (58.66 tons/ hectare) was at a distance of (1.5) m. The interaction of spraying and distances also had a significant effect in all studied characteristics, so the best values were when using the concentration (6) g/ l with a distance of (2) m except for the yield, which was significantly increased at the distance of (1.5) m and the concentration (6) g/ l.

Key Words: Watermelon, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, spacing, yield.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Nadia Al khalaf ^{(1) *} Abboud aljasim⁽¹⁾  and  Mouhammed ALBalekh⁽¹⁾

(1). Horticulture Department, Agriculture Faculty,  Alfurat University, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: E. Nadia Alkhalaf   E-Mail : nadiaalkhalaf5@gmail.com).

Received: 20/09/2022           Accepted: 6/12/2022

Abstract: 

The research was conducted in Mrat  village of Deir-Ezzor during 2020 and 2021 seasons.  Splite Plots Design with three replications was used. The Aims was Effect Of Spray By Fulvic Acid and addition of the levels of fertilizer recommendation in Early Characters And Yield Of   Cucumber . by average Four of Fulvic acid (0, 1000, 2000, 3000) Mg/kg and Five levels of the Ground Mineral fertilization With Macro Elements N,P,K According to the Quantities Recommended  by The Ministry  of Agriculture and Agrarian Reform For Cucumber Crop and Based on the Results  of soil Analysis at The Site of Implementation of Research. Where Percentages of this Equation   were used as follows (0 ، 25 ، 50 ، 75 ، 100(%.The Aim of studying: Fulvic acid was using by average (3000) Mg/Kg spray on cucumber leafs showed  significant increase for maturity early. And there was a significant increase compared with or to other treatments for most productivity traits. While was significant increase for the Level of mineral fertilization 100% compared with or to other treatments for all mature early traits. And was a significant increase compared with or to other treatments for most  productivity traits. As for the interaction Between them was significant increase for interaction (3000Mg/kg*100%) and (3000 Mg/Kg*75%) compared with or to other treatments for all mature early traits, where was  (20.87-22.73 day) for respectively for trait of male flower one show and (23.57 , 25.60)  day respectively for trait of female flower one show and (49.13 – 47.03) day respectively for trait Length of the harvest period. AS for the Characteristics of Productivity reached) 6326 -5475  Kg/d) respectively for Total  Productivity at  (3000 Mg/Kg*100%) (3000 Mg/Kg *75%).

Key words: Fulvic acid, cucumber, Mineral fertilization,  early traits, productivity.  

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Mohamad Alomar ^(1)*, Roula Bayerli ⁽¹⁾ and Hanan Sharaby ⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Horticulture Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding Author: Mohamad Alomar. E-Mail: m.alomar@damascusuniversity.edu.sy).

Received: 20/01/2023         Accepted: 14/02/2023

Abstract: 

This experiment was carried out in the green house of Al-Adawi area of the Damascus Governorate, and labs of Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Damascus University during the period 2020-2021, to study the effect of bio fertilizer, Azotobacter Chroococcum (0, 5, 10 ml/l) and Em1 (0, 4, 8 ml/l) and their interactions on parameters of soil fertility, morphological and chemical growth parameters of strawberry plant cv. Festival. The combination treatment of Azotobacter Chroococcum (10 ml/l) and Em1, (8 ml/l) resulted in the best soil fertility (7.18, 0.28 %, 16 mg/kg, 442.22 mg/kg for pH, total nitrogen, available phosphorous and available potassium respectively), and morphological, chemical growth parameters (2.73 runners, 117.93 cm, 4.27, 2.42 %, 0.49 %, 1.83 %, 3.56 mg/g wet weight, 1.29 mg/g wet weight, 1.07 mg/g wet weight for runners/plant, runners height, number of new plants/runners, nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium, chlorophyll a and b, and carotenoids respectively), The lowest values, however, were obtained in control non-treated plants.

Keywords: Strawberry Plant, Biofertilizer (Azotobacter Chroococcum), Biofertilizer (Em1).

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Rajab Mazen^(1)*, Mtawj Wael ⁽¹⁾  and Mahfoud Hafez⁽¹⁾

(1).  Research Centre of Lattakia, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research. GCSAR, Syria.

(*corresponding author: Rajab Mazen -, Email: mazenrajab@gmail.com).

Received:5/11/2022                Accepted:5/02/2023

Abstract: 

The research aims to study the bay leaf with high medicinal, aromatic, and industrial value in two locations in Lattakia (Kassab and Samra). Natural spread was determined and the phenotypic identity of laurel was established through a taxonomic key for fruits based on (fruit weight and size, shape index, and kernel-mottled trait) and then the genetic diversity of 20 phenotypes was studied using 10 RAPD primers. The percentage of oil extracted from fruits and leaves was estimated to select the best genotype. The percentage of seed germination was estimated and some selected genotypes were propagated by rooting mature cuttings, grafting, and cuttings. The results showed differences between the studied genotypes in terms of fruit shape (elongated, oval, spherical), gradient in size, weight, and mottled trait. The fruits of the KSS8 genotype were the best in terms of weight and size, with an average fruit weight (2.56 g) and an average size of (2.35 cm³) and its fruits were oval in shape. The results of RAPD showed a genetic diversity of bay leaf with a percentage of 78.3. The best genotypes KSS1, KSS5, KSS8 and KA0 were selected. Based on the percentage of oil in fruits that reached more than 58% in the tissues of the pericarp and more than 42% in the tissues of the endocarp, the percentage of seed germination was 85% without significant differences between the genotypes. The treatment 2000 ppm showed a rooting rate of more than 66% after 6 months. The percentage of grafting was 10%. We suggest introducing bay leaf into the agricultural system as a medicinal, aromatic, nutritional plant with a high investment value.

Keywords: Laurus nobilis, genetic diversity, propagation, oil extraction

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Layla Tabbara*⁽¹⁾, Nazmy. Abdel Hameid⁽²⁾ and Alaa. Bondok⁽²⁾

(1). Horticulture Research Department, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Syria.

(2). Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.

(*corresponding author: Layla Tabbara-, Email: l.tabbarah@gmail.com)

Received:2/01/202 3                Accepted:14/02/2023

Abstract: 

This investigation was carried out during two successive seasons 2016 and 2017 on fruits of Valencia orange. The fruit samples were collected from orange orchard belonging to Wadi 3 by randomly from all over the orchard.  An experiment was conducted to evaluate the influence of some environmentally safe treatments to improve the storability of Valencia fruits during 2016 and 2017 seasons, which was Jojoba oil (1,3,5) %, castor oil (0.5, 1,2) %, yeast(1,2,3)%, seaweed(1,2,3)%, hot water (45ᵒC and commercial wax were used for proposed study, after  that, fruits were stored at a temperature of 5 ° C and 95% of  relative humidity for 60 days, it was determine the physical and chemical characteristics (fruits weight loss – juice ratio-   TSS/TA – total phenols). Results indicated that, castor oil (2 and 1) % and jojoba oil 5% reduced weight loss%, and deterioration phenols increase and increased juice ratio and TSS/TA rate, with significant differences compared to control. So the results show that, coating orange fruits with castor oil (1-2) % and jojoba oil (5) % the most effective in improve the storability of orange fruits Valencia orange.

Key word: Valencia orange, Jojoba oil, castor oil, commercial wax, hot water, yeast, seaweed.

 Full paper in English: pdf

Hawraa Tahseen Abd Ulwahid ^*(1) and Lamiaa M.S. Al-Freeh⁽¹⁾  

(1). Fied Crops Dept .College of Agriculture ,University of Basrah, Iraq.

(*corresponding author :Hawraa ulwahid E-mail : hawraathsyn95@gmail.com).

 Received:7/09/2023                 Accepted:12/11/2023

Abstract: 

During the winter agricultural season of 2022–2023, a field experiment was carried out at the Agricultural Research Station of the College of Agriculture – University of Basra, Karma Ali site, to find out how Rapeseed (Pactol-var) responded to topping and various ethephon concentrations, which are represented as follows: T = topping, E0 = 0 ethephon concentration, E1 = 1 ml L^-1 ethephon, and E2 =2 ml L^-1 ethephon, Which was applied during different stages of the crop’s life (elongation, flowering, branching) and has the symbol S1, S2, and S3, respectively,. Three replications of the experiment were carried out using the split-plot method in accordance with the randomized complete block design, with the topping and the ethephon occupying the main plots and the stages of the secondary plots. The following characteristics were studied: Number of branches, leaf area index, crop growth rate, net assimilation rate, seed yield, protein percentage, protein yield, oil percentage, and oil yield. The results showed a significant effect of topping and ethephon on most of the studied traits. The E2 treatment and topping excelled in most of the studied traits if it gave the highest seed yield of 2.703- and 2.694-tons ha-1, respectively. Treatment S1 had the best results for all the studied traits and recorded the best yield of 2,431 tons ha-1. The combination E2 at stage S1 excelled in most of the studied traits and gave the best yield of 3,094 tons ha^-1.

Key words: Brassica napus L. (Canola) ، Ethephon،Topping, growth, oil

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Jana Youssef *⁽¹⁾ and Badie Samra ⁽¹⁾

(1). Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Jana Youssef E-mail: janayoussef719@gmail.com)

Received:1/12/2022                 Accepted:16/01/2023

Abstract: 

This research was carried out at an agricultural field in Safita countryside, Tartous, 310 meters above sea level during the summer of 2021 to study the effect of treatments with gibberellic acid on the growth and productivity of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.). This experiment was designed according to the randomized complete block design which included (5) treatments. Each treatment was replicated (4) times, and each replicate included (20) plants. Gibberellic acid-GA3 concentrations (0-100-200-300-400 ppm) were used as a foliar spray. The results showed that the treatment T3 (gibberellic acid 200ppm) was significantly superior in plant height (89.66) cm, number of secondary branches (12.35 branches/plant), number of leaves (116 leaf/plant), productivity (5.42) kg/m², number of flowers (41.5) flower/plant, fruit-set % (95.17)%, the percentage of fruit content of dry matter (12.30%), and its content of vitamin C (10.95) mg/100g in comparison with the rest of the studied treatments. The treatment with T2 (gibberellic acid 100 ppm) showed a significant difference over the rest of the treatments in most traits while the values of the control treatment were significantly lower than most of the treatments in all the studied traits; Therefore, the application of foliar spray of gibberellic acid at (200 ppm) concentration can improve the growth and productivity of the “Humsi” eggplant cultivar under field cultivation condition similar to the Safita region.

Keywords: Eggplant, Gibberellic Acid,  Growth Traits,  Production.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf