Maya Ghorra^(1)*    and    Muhammad Nael Khattab ⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(* Corresponding author: Maya Ghorra, E-mail.: mayanabilgherra@gmail.com)

Received:  14/12/2022        Accepted: 28/02/2023

Abstract: 

The research was carried out in the Damsarkho region of Lattakia Governorate during the agricultural season 2022, according to the randomized complete block design (RCBD) and with three replications, for five genotypes of sugar corn (Dina, Golden Sweet, Mardikh, Baladi, Novo), which we obtained from some companies. agriculture in Latakia. With the aim of verifying the genetic potentialof these cultivars and the degree of their genetic divergence, and determining the appropriate selectoral indicators to be used in subsequent breeding programs to obtain high hybrid strength and improve the yield of sweet corn in quantity and quality. Significant differences were found for most of the studied traits, and the Mardikh genotype was the earliest to reach maturity (87.5 days), and the highest seed weight per plant among the studied genotypes (50 g). The Novo model had the highest stem height (170.45 cm), while the Golden Sweet model was distinguished by the ear height (44.21 cm), while the Dina genotype was distinguished by the number of leaves (59.91 leaves), the leaf area (7827.83 cm2), and the cob length (18.21 cm). ), and the cob weight was (92.65 g), and the Golden Sweet model was the largest in terms of cob diameter, reaching (4.79 cm), and the percentage of sugar was (13.38%) among the studied models. Productivity (grain weight per ear (g)) was positively and significantly associated with the characteristics of ear length/cm (r=0.521*), ear diameter/cm (r=0.521*), and number of grains per ear (r=0.582*). The aforementioned traits as selective indicators for increasing productivity. Cluster analysis indicated the existence of genetic diversity among the studied models, which is necessary for any subsequent breeding process, especially the use of genes belonging to different groups for crossbreeding in order to obtain the maximum strength of the hybrid. Therefore, we recommend the use of the two genotypes of sweet corn, Dina and Mardikh, in cultivation in the coastal region and to be used as a raw material for subsequent breeding work, due to their genetic divergence and their superiority in many characteristics, including early adoptability, productivity and quality.

Keywords: sorghum, degree of heritability, genetic progression, genetic and phenotypic variation.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Qamar Sufan*⁽¹⁾, Boulus Khoury⁽¹⁾ and Nizar Moalla⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agricultural engineering, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(* Corresponding author: Qamar Sufan, E-mail.: 123qamar456@gmail.com, Phone: 00963994870211)

Received:  22/12/2022        Accepted: 20/02/2023

Abstract: 

The experiment was carried out during the agricultural seasons 2021/2023 in a nursery at the Faculty of Agricultural engineering. Tishreen University- Lattakia- Syria. by the cultivation of three Tobacco genotypes {Prilep- Basma-  Shak Elbent}. Half diallel cross was made between different genotypes of tobacco. In The following season, an evaluation of the genotypes was performed. that were distributed according to the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replicates per treatment. To estimate the heterosis, general and specific combining ability, nature of gene action for: plant height, number of leaves, leaves length, leaves width, and length/ width ratio. The results show significant differences significantly for all traits, which refer to differ among the parents. The genetic analysis shows important both additive and dominant effects to heredity in all character studies. The variance ratio of GCA to SCA was more than one (1) for (plant height, leaf length, and leaf width), but this ratio appeared to be less than one for other studied traits (number of leaves and length/ width ratio). The (Basma and Shak Elbent) parents show high GCA for (plant height and leaf length) respectively, and the hybrid (Basma × Shak Elbent) shows the highest SCA of plant height and leaf length. The highest values for heterosis in this study it was for the height and leaves length to the cross (Basma × Shak Elbent) which is (2.486 and 2.356)% respectively.

Keywords: Genotypes, combining ability, heterosis, morphological characteristics, technological characteristics, tobacco, Nicotiana tabacum L.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Muhammad Nael Khattab ⁽¹⁾, Nizar Harba⁽¹⁾ and Orwa Suleiman^(1)*

(1). Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Orwa Suleiman,  Email: aboalabd876@gmail.com)

Received:23/11/2022    Accepted: 16/01/2023

Abstract: 

Five genotypes of sunflower were planted in Al-Ghab area during the seasons 2020-2022, namely (Strain 90 (A), Strain 19 (B), Strain 9 (C), Strain 54 (D), Baladi cultivar (E), according to complete reciprocal crossbreeding program with a randomized complete block design (RCBD) and with three replications. For the studied effect of general and specific abilities variance on the compatibility of parents and crosses, the inheritance and its narrow sense, the variance of general abilities to the variance of specific abilities, and the degree of dominance of the studied traits. The results showed that there was a highly significant variation for the parental cultivars and the variation of the general and specific abilities of the individual crosses, the mutual and the reverse resulting from them, for all the traits studied. The weight of the seeds plant, plant height cm, disc area, percentage of oil%, the amount of oil (g)/plant, the weight of 100 seeds) in the inheritance of the trait disk area, while low and medium values were shown for the degree of heritability in its narrow sense in most of the traits. The results also showed that there is a work of cytoplasmic inheritance in the inheritance of quantitative traits through differences in the performance of each of the cross and reverse crosses.

Keywords: sunflowers, variance of combining ability, Heritability, degree of dominance.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Sabah Saker^(1)*

^. (1). Faculty Of Science- Tartous University, Syria.

 (*Corresponding author: Dr. Sabah Saker  . E-Mail sabahsaker809@gmail.com).

Received:1/11/2022                          Accepted: 8/03/2023

Abstract: 

This research was carried on in Tartous City in 2022 season to study the effect of treating  Arachis hypogaea with dry yeast suspension in the concentration of (5,10)g/l by foliar spraying and watering. Plants were treating tow time , first 45 day after sowing, second after 60 day of sowing. Results showed significant increase in plant height which reached (34.27)cm in the treatment of 5g/l foliar spraying, the increase in treatment of watering 10 g/l wasn’t significant comparing with control, while higher value of secondary branches was (14.23) branch/ plant at treatment of watering 5g/l, whole treatments have significant increase comparing with control. All treatments have significant increase in leaf area except treatment of 5g/l foliar spraying comparing with control, higher value of leaf area was(750.11)cm² at treatment of watering 5g/l. Leaf area index increased significantly at all treatments compared with control, treatment of watering 5 g/l has higher value (6.25). Wet and dry weight of plant increased significantly at all treatments compared with control, except treatment of watering 5 g/l and treatment of 10 g/l foliar spraying, highest values were(601.44,228.5)g/plant consequently at   treatment of watering 10g/l.

Keywords: yeast . Arachis hypogaea. Foliar spray

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Zainab A. Abdel Razzaq^(1)*, Sundus A. Alabdulla⁽¹⁾ and Kareem H. Mohssen⁽¹⁾

(1). College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq.

(* Corresponding author: Zainab Razzaq, Email: zainab.ahmed@uobasrah.edu.iq)

Received:4/01/2023                              Accepted:20/02/2023

Abstract: 

A field experiment was carried out at the Al-Zubair region (20 km southwest of the center of Basra Governorate), during the winter season 2021-2022. to study the effect of planting dates and levels of nitrogen fertilizer on growth, yield, and quality of Indian mustard, There were three planting dates, 15th October, 1st November and 15th November and four nitrogen fertilizer levels (0, 80, 160 and 240 kg N/ ha ). The experiment was carried out using a Randomized Complete Block Design (R.C.B.D.) with three replicates, Planting dates significantly affected all characteristics, as the first date was superior in some growth characteristics, which was positively reflected in the yield and quality of seeds, as the highest average yield of individual plant and seed yield reached 47.19 gm/ plant and 4.93 tons/ ha. It also recorded the highest percentage of protein and oil reached to 21.59% and 39. 96% respectively. The fertilizer level of 240 kg N/ h was superior in recording the highest average number of days from planting up to 50% flowering, the individual plant yield and the seed yield reached 48.22 days, 38.11 gm, and 3.85 tons/ ha for the traits, respectively and the highest percentage of protein amounted to 21.83%, while the comparison treatment recorded the highest percentage of oil amounted to 39.02%. As for the effect of the interaction, the date October 15 with the fertilizer level of 240 kg N/ ha excelled in recording the highest average of plant yield and seed yield of 58.96 gm/ plant and 6.45 ton /ha, while the first date with the comparison treatment record  the highest percentage of oil reached to 40.70%, The interaction had no significant effect on the percentage of protein.

Key words: Mustard, nitrogen, planting, seed yield, oil percentage

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

ZainabTadbeer^(1)*, Tarek Al-Ahmad⁽¹⁾, Salam Lawand⁽²⁾,  Reem Al-Mansour⁽³⁾, Ola Kaso⁽¹⁾ and Mohammad Baker Al-Abd Al-Wahed⁽¹⁾

(1). General commission for scientific agricultural research (GCSAR), Crops research administration.

(2). Faculty of Agriculture, Damascus University, Syria.

(3). General commission for scientific agricultural research (GCSAR), Homs research center.

  (*Corresponding author: Zainab Tadbeer, E-Mail: zainab.tad@hotmail.com , Tel: 0932776450.)

Received:18/08/2022                              Accepted:28/12/2023

Abstract: 

Seven durum wheat genotypes were studied. The experiment was carried out using a randomized complete block design during 2015-2016 and 2016- 2017 to study the path coefficient analysis and the correlation between grain yield and its components. The genotypes that we used have good variation to be used as parents in the wheat hybridization program. Grain yield showed positive significant correlation with number of grains per plant (0.800**), thousand kernel weight (0.536**), biological yield (0.452) and the number of spikes per plant (0.423) was observed. Result of path coefficient analysis showed that the percentage of number of grains per plant was (66.26%), thousand kernel weight (36.36%), and number of spikes per plant (0.25%). That manes grain yield of wheat crop it using can be achieved by using number of grains per plant, thousand kernel weight, and number of spikes per plant.

 Key words: genotypes, durum wheat, path coefficient, correlation, grain yield.  

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Moroj zreek * ⁽¹⁾, Aymana AlAcouch⁽¹⁾  and Mohammad Mahmoud⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Statistics and Programming, Faculty of Economics, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(*corresponding author Moroj Zreek. Email: jojzreek@gmail.com)

Received:5/01/2023            Accepted: 26/02/2023

Abstract: 

The study aimed to identify the impact of the Agricultural Cooperative Bank loans which are short, medium, and long on each of the ratio of property rights to deposits, as well as the adequacy ratio Capital ، indicators by studying the period extending from 2000-2020، by applying Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model(ARDL) after studying the and the stability of time series and cointegration were studied using the Eviews program. The study found results that there is an increase in long-term loans will increase the capital adequacy ratio significantly in the long and short term by 0.45 and 0.19% ،respectively،and an increase in short-term loans will increase the the capital adequacy ratio significantly by 0.0024% in the long term، as for the equity ratio of total deposits،the increase in medium-term loans will increase the equity ratio of total deposits by 0.15% in the short term. Accordingly, the proposed model can be used to indicate the importance of loans, and we note that long-term loans are the most important through their impact on capital adequacy, which requires policymakers to infer using the model

Keywords: loans, capital adequacy ratio, equity ratio, total deposits, Agricultural Cooperative Bank

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Faten Karaman*⁽¹⁾ , Saer. Barhoum⁽²⁾ , Hussam Alahmad ⁽³⁾  and Lana. Alazrone⁽³⁾

(1). Agricultural engineer,  Faculty of Science , University of Damascus. Syrian.

(2). Lecturer in the Department of Agricultural Economics,  Faculty of Agriculture, Damascus University, Syrian.

(3). Agricultural engineer,  Ministry of Agriculture, Syrian.

(*Corresponding author: Faten Karaman, E-mail faten.karaman@gmail.com, Tel: 0940436143)

Received:22/12/2022          Accepted: 15/03/2023

Abstract: 

The study used secondary data representing the number of dairy cows, their production, and the variables of government support in Syria during the period (2000-2019). The annual average of milk production amounted to 1382.9 thousand tons, and the percentage increased to 0.055%. The growth rate of the number of cows decreased by 0.82%, with an annual average of 991.1 thousand cows. The average spending at real prices on artificial insemination services was 49.3 million SP, while the percentage of spending for the base year was -4.6%. The average of loans to finance the purchase of dairy cows reached 88.2%, with the highest percentage reaching 0.078% in 2000 of the total loans. Its growth relative to the base year reached 36.8%, while the values ​​of the coefficient of determination R² showed weak prediction rates, and it is not possible to predict the number, production, and contribution of milk to the gross domestic product, and therefore the multiple linear regression model cannot be relied upon to predict the contribution of milk to the local production.

Keywords: agricultural economy, dairy cows, agricultural policies, government support, fiscal policies.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Ghassan Jaqoub ⁽¹⁾, Osama Radwan ⁽²⁾, and Shahd Sheikh Al-Haddadin⁽³⁾*

(1). Department of Agricultural Economics, Tishreen University

(2). Department, of Forestry and Environment, Tishreen University

(3). Ministry of Agriculture and Agrarian Reform, Lattakia Agriculture Directorate, Latakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Shahd sheikh al haddadin. E-Mail: shahdshiekalhahadin@gmail.com).

Received:16/01/2023          Accepted: 29/03/2023

Abstract: 

This research was conducted during the years 2022 – 2023 in the fire-damaged forest that occurred in the village of Resion on 9-10 2020 in the Al-Haffa region – Lattakia Governorate, where the research aimed to study the effects resulting from the fire and its social effects on the surrounding villages. A questionnaire that was designed that included axes was to study the most important reasons that affected the surrounding site community of the fire and the factors that would mitigate fires or may affect other fires in the same area. The descriptive analytical method was adopted to calculate averages, frequencies axes percentages the field survey method. And the use of the SPSS statistical analysis program to calculate the studied correlations, the use of the binary Likert scale, the chi-square test, the phi coefficient, and the use of appropriate economic analysis indicators for the purpose. The results of the analysis of the questionnaire showed that the forest constitutes an important resource and source of livelihood for the residents of the surrounding villages and others, and the protection of forests from the harm they are exposed to from visitors depends on the continuity of population stability in them, and there is a relation between the citizen’s gender, their jobs the level, and their participation in firefighting,and there is no relation between the level of education and participation in firefighting.

Keywords: forests, fires, forest resources, forest laws, Lattakia Governorate

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Khetam Edrees ⁽¹⁾ *, Nisreen Edrees ⁽¹⁾ and Roula Ebraheem ⁽¹⁾

(1) Economic and Social Studies Department, Agriculture Research Center Homs, General Commission for Scientific and Agricultural Research (GCSAR)

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Khetam Edrees. E-Mail: Khetamedrees83@yahoo.com).

Received:29/11/2022          Accepted: 26/03/2023

Abstract: 

The objective of this research is to study the cost structure of Apricot production in Homs Governorate for the agricultural season 2019. The order to achieve its objectives, the research depends on econometric & statistical analysis was conducted on the primary data which have been collected by interviews for farmers of the study region. The results showed an analysis of the cost structure of apricot production variable costs accounted for approximately (73.08)% of total costs while fixed costs formed (26.92)% of the total costs, It achieved the highest net yield per kilogram: AL-mbkr, AL-thahaby Ahmar, Al-Tadmoori, Shakarbara, French Taliany and finally Basbousy. Quantitative analysis results for estimating profit function. Show that amount of output parameters great importance in profit compared to the rest of the price variables and average production costs. As for estimating the economic productive function stated that the results of the study showed allorgatima double model was the most convenient for the relationship adopted in the study. Also, the total production elasticities amounted to(0.773)  which it used in the second stage of the productive function, as for estimating the total cost function it was that stated cube model was the most suitable for the relationship adopted in the study .As result adopted get the optimal size for Apricot production at (50.03) tons by (40), The estimated elasticity of costs, amounted 1 achieved at optimal level of production (52.03) tons were calculated as the minimum price (168816.33)sp/ tons  was derived function supply in long run, shown that is a positive relationship between quantity supplied of farmers and price when price is greater than (168816.33)sp/ tons  and results the show the average cost decreases until it reaches to optimal level of production while proportion economies of scale achieved to the maximum value 100% at optimal level of production .average cost..

Key Words: Apricot, Economies of scale, Production optimization, Elasticity of costs, Space optimal, Function supply.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf