Dima Kharmashow⁽¹⁾*, Miteadi Bouras⁽¹⁾ and Fahed Sahuni⁽¹⁾

(1). Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dima KharmashowE-Mail: khrmashowdima@gmail.com)

Received: 4/04/2023           Accepted: 24/05/2023

Abstract: 

 The research aims to study the effect of foliar spraying of okra plants (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) with different concentrations of gibberellic acid GA3 (25,50,75,100 ppm) on the speed of ripening, the quantity and quality of pods production. The study was carried out in the village of Dbeika in the district of Al-Muzairah (Lattakia, using okra (local) variety, the research was conducted in a randomized complete block design, with three replicates per treatment and an average of (15) plants per replicator.The results in the biological parameters showed that the spray treatment at a concentration of 75 ppm had effect in accelerating ripening, as it gave the best values in the height of the first  pod on the main stem (29.8 cm), the number of non-fruiting nodes that precede the first pod (6 nodes), and in the length of the growth period. which recorded (50.5 days) compared to control plants. The results also showed the treatment with GA3 concentration of 75 ppm in the indicators of pods production, where the best values and the highest results were recorded in the number of total pods (90.5 pod), fruit weight (11.8 g / pod), production per plant (1067.9 g / plant) and in efficiency. Productivity (60.5%) compared to control plants, which recorded (72.1 pod, 7.1 g/pod, 421.7 g/plant ), respectively. The results also showed the effect of spraying at a concentration of 75 ppm on pods quantity, and recorded (15.60%, 2.63%, 0.9%)on dry matter,protein and ash, respectively, and the lowest in the percentage of fibers with a value (1.12%). .

Keywords: okra, gibberellin acid, GA3, biological parameters, productivity parameters, pod quality.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Haidara boissa⁽¹⁾* . Mazen nassour⁽¹⁾  and Fahed Sahuni⁽²⁾

(1). Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia , Syria.

(2). Horticulture,Second Faculty of Agriculture, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Haidara boissa,  E-Mail: haidara.hhda@gmail.com).

Received: 7/03/2023           Accepted: 12/06/2023

Abstract: 

 Resarch aimed to study the effect of foliar spray with different concentrations of Alar (500, 1000, 1500 ppm) and two planting distances (15 ×15), (30×30) cm and both of them together in vegetative growth and flowering of the plant. The results showed the positive effect of the growth regulator on the development of the vegetative parameter (number of leaves, leaf area, freshweight, dryeeight, percentage of dry matter and the amount of total chlorophyll), as well as the formation and evolution of flowering (early flowering, number of flower stem, total of flowers, number of flower on flower stem and floral diameter) especially when use the medium concentration of  growth regulator (1000 ppm) with (30×30) cm planting distances. The results showed the remarkable effect of highest concentration of  Alar and highest planting distances on commercial pick flower stem  The results also showed the treatment with GA3 concentration of 75 ppm in the indicators of pods production, where the best values and the highest results were recorded in the number of total pods (90.5 pod), fruit weight (11.8 g / pod), production per plant (1067.9 g / plant) and in efficiency. Productivity (60.5%) compared to control plants, which recorded (72.1 pod, 7.1 g/pod, 421.7 g/plant ), respectively. The results also showed the effect of spraying at a concentration of 75 ppm on pods quantity, and recorded (15.60%, 2.63%, 0.9%)on dry matter,protein and ash, respectively, and the lowest in the percentage of fibers with a value (1.12%). .

Keywords: Chrysanthemum , ALAR , Planting Distances, cutflowe.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Hussam Hdaiwah^*(1)

(1). Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Latakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Hussam Hdaiwah, E-mail: Hussam hdaiwah76@gmail.com).                                                  

Received: 7/03/2023              Accepted: 6/06/2023 

Abstract: 

This research aimed to study the role of bio fertilization EM1, humic acid, and organic fertilization on vegetative growth, flowering, and cormels production of Gladiolus to reduce the mineral fertilization. Biofertilizer by EM1(4ml/m²) was applied with irrigation water two times, 15 days after planting and one month after the first one. Two g/L Humax (50% humic acid) was used and applied by the roots with two times at 4, and 6 leaf . The results showed that the use of EM1 and humic acid and the organic stage of plant development. fertilization had a positive effect on vegetative growth (average number of stems, plant length , and average number of leaves on the plant) and proportion of dry matter in the vegetative part.  It also showed a positive effect on formation spikes and flowering (early flowering, number of spikes, spike length, number of flowers by spike) ,and increasing number of cormels on plant.

Keywords: Gladiolus, bio-fertilization EM1 , humic acid , spike, cormels .

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Jenan   Othman^(1)*

(1).Horticulture Department,Faculty Of Agriculture,Tishreen University,Lattakia,Syria.

(*Corresponding author : Dr.Jenan  Othma , E-mail : jenan.othman@gmail.com , 0955205560.)

Received:5/02/2023                    Accepted:10/04/2023

Abstract: 

A field experiment was carried at Tishreen University garden nursery Lattakia, during the two successive spring seasons of 2019/2020 and 2020/2021, to study the effect of application (manganese  and Boron), vegetative growth, yield and tubers quality of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cv. Spunta .  The experiment was conducted with Randomized Complete Block Design with four treatments and three replications per treatment,(control, Manganese, boron, Manganese and Boron). The results showed that foliar application of Mn+B gave the best  vegetative growth characters and production of potato plants as expressed as leaf area/plant( 15605cm2/plant, L.A.index( 7.43), plant length (69.41 cm),(14.74 tuber/plant), big tuber ( 1551g/plant) total production (1815.8g/plant) and marketing one (1774.9 g/plant) compared to control. The statistical analysis also showed significant increase of B and mixed of Mn and B spraying in tuber quality such as dry matter percentage (20.27-20.2)%, starch percentage(14.07-14.0)% respectively, Whereas, The best content of vitamin c and arsh recorded in Mn+b treatment (15.22mg% and 6.04% ) respectively compared to control.

Keywords: Potato ,Mn ,Boron ,Yield, Growth, Quality .

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Hala D.Ddeash*⁽¹⁾, Rawaa H.Tlay⁽¹⁾ and Ahmad M.Haddal⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Food Science, College of Agricultural, Damascus University.

(*Corresponding author: Hala Dadesh, E-mail: h92.dadesh@damascusuniversity.edu.sy).

Received: 25/05/2023                      Accepted: 16/07/2023

Abstract: 

The research was conducted in the  Department of Food Sciences, Damascus University, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering. The apple peel powder was prepared by hot air drying at a temperature of (65°C) for 6 hours. The process of grinding and sifting was done, and the powder was filled in dark glass containers. The quality indicators of the resulting powder of fiber, fat, protein, carbohydrates and antioxidant activity were (14.11%, 5.95%, 1.96%, 73.75% and 18.60%), respectively. The resulting powder was used in the manufacture of cupcake product at a ratio of (4, 8, 12%), as the content of the fortified cupcake increased from moisture, ash, fiber, protein and fat, and the percentage of crude fiber in the control sample increased from (2.46%) to (4.35%) in The cupcake sample fortified with (12%) of apple peel powder, respectively, while the percentage of carbohydrates decreased significantly, and the values of biologically active compounds increased compared to the control sample. The sensory evaluation showed that there were no significant differences between CONTROL and the sample, with the addition rate (12%), which exceeded the general acceptance rate among the tasters (3.74) after control (3.88), while it was noted that there were significant differences between control and the samples fortified with 4% and 8%. As for the color indicators (L *, a *, b *) The high percentage of husk powder led to a decrease in the brightness index (L*) and the degree of yellowing index (b*) and an increase in the degree of redness index (a*) in the fortified samples compared to the control, and the 4% sample was the least dark among the fortified samples.Keywords: Apple Peels Powder, Cupcake, Chemical Indicators, Biologically Active Compounds, Color Indicators, Sensory Evaluatio.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Lama Assaf^*(1) and Batoul Ozzoun⁽¹⁾

(1). Food Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Aleppo, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Lama Assaf. E-Mail: Lamaassaf403@gmail.com).

Received: 11/03/2023              Accepted: 11/06/2023

Abstract: 

The study was conducted in the laboratories of the Faculty of Food – Department of Food Sciences – Aleppo University – Syria. It was aiming to investigate the producing the amino acid tryptophan from date molasses using Escherichia coli. A pure strain of E. coli was transferred to agar medium (NA) that contains sodium chloride salt at a concentration of 0.5% w/v to activate the production of the amino acid tryptophan, and transferred to the incubator, then inoculated from the growing colonies, and placed in 100 ml of liquid medium. A catalyst for the production of tryptophan acid, which was transferred to a shaking incubator set at a temperature of 37 degrees Celsius for 6 hours at a speed of 150 rpm per minute, then the process was repeated on the same medium, and then the bacteria were taken after filtering the liquid medium and transferred to a molasses medium fermentation to produce tryptophan, and the production of tryptophan was confirmed. Tryptophan By going back to some chemical tests, and by comparing the absorbance values of the fermentation medium with the standard curve of tryptophan, it was found that the concentration of tryptophan in the fermentation medium was 0.1 mg/ml.

Key words: Echerichia coli, amino acid, treyptophan, date molasses

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Ali, Hussein. Ali.Dhaef ^*(1)  and  ⁽¹⁾Shaimmaa, Riadh. Abdulsalaam ⁽¹⁾

(1). Dep. of Food Sciences, College of Agric. & Forestry Mosul, university,  Iraq.

(*Corresponding author: Ali, Hussein Ali. E-Mail:alsweefyali@gmail.com).

Received: 31/01/2024              Accepted: 1/06/2024

Abstract: 

This study was conducted with the aim of manufacturing millorin (similar to creamy ice cream), in which the milk fat was replaced with olive oil at a rate of 5 and 8%, with the addition of monoglycerides (M.G.) at a rate of 0.25% as an emulsifier to determine its effect, while manufacturing a comparison sample to which CMC was added. The product was stored for 60 days, and a test was conducted. Physical tests include viscosity, where the M.G. sample was between 3.55 – 0.26 poise, while the comparison was between 1 – 3.95 poise, and the percentage of melting was estimated at a time of 90 minutes, where the decrease in melting in the M.G. sample was 77.5%, while in the comparison it was 82.5%, while the shrinkage characteristic was constant and did not change during the storage period. The % Over run  in M.G. was also higher than the comparison sample, as it was around 83.55%. In comparison, the Over run was 76.65%. The results also showed a decrease in the M.G. sample’s microbial content, as the total number of bacteria was around 15 x 2–10 U.T.C./ml. The comparison was 46 x 2-10, while no growth of cryophilic bacteria or coliform was detected. The samples obtained high scores during the sensory evaluation, as the M.G. sample obtained a score of 95.25 degrees and the comparison obtained a score of 91.5 degrees.                                                                       

Keywords: monoglycerides, olive oil, millorin.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Douaa  Homsi^(1)(2)*  Mohamad Azmeh⁽²⁾   Entessar Al_Jbawi⁽³⁾

(1). Field crop research department, General commission for scientific Agricultural Research, Damascus, Syria.

(2) . Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Damascus, Syria.

(3).  Agricultural Extension Directorate, Ministry of Agriculture, Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Douaa  Homsi,  E-Mail: d.homssi1989@gmail.com).

Accepted:10/04/2023          22/01/2022   Received:

Abstract: 

 This research aimed to compare the effect of the biological treatment of sugar beet seeds with Trichoderma harzianum fungus, with the chemical treatment of two types of fungicides, in order to control the fungus that causes seedling dampping-off disease and improving yield qualities of the crop. The field experiment was carried out to test the efficiency and effect of the biological treatment of sugar beet seeds with Trichoderma harzianum, compared with the chemical treatments of the crop seeds with three concentrations of both of the fungicides Flutolanil 25% Moncut (3,1.5,0.75 g/1kg seeds) andThiophanate-methyl 70% Actamyl (3,1.5,0.75 g/ 1kg seeds), and the control treatment (untreated seeds) in reducing the infection rate of seedling damping-off disease caused by both pathogenic fungus Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium oxysporum isolated from sugar beet plants that showed symptoms of the disease in field. Results of the field experiment showed significant superiority of the biological treatment with the T.harzianum in reducing the infection rate of seedling damping-off disease to (33.33)%, compared with the infection rate of the control (untreated seeds), and the other chemical treatments. The results of field experiment also showed that biological treatment significantly surpassed the control and the other chemical treatments in terms of efficiency of reducing the infection of seedling disease, and reached (58.33)% compared to the control, and chemical treatments. Result of the field experiment showed significant superiority of the biological treatment in achieving the highest values for all studied growth and production characteristics, compared with the control and chemical treatments, where the number of plants at harvest, resulting from the biological treatment, reached (66667) plant/ha compared with the control, and the other chemical treatments. Root yield of the biological treatment reached (63.29) tons/ha significantly higher than root production with control treatment, and root production with the other chemical treatments. The extractable sugar yield (the final yield of the crop) for the biological treatment was (8.002) tons/ha,  significantly better than extractable yield of control, and the extractable yield of the other chemical treatments. Thus, our results indicate the potential of using the bio-alternative T.harzianum in the treatment of sugar beet seeds in order to reduce the incidence of damping-off disease and achieve an increase in production. 

Key words: damping-off seedling, Rhizoctonia solani, F.oxysporum, Trichoderma harzianum, Pantex, Moncut, sugar beet.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Sadif Donya⁽¹⁾  and Zakaria Saytof(1)*

(1). Faculty of Agriculture- Tishreen University, Lattakia,  Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Zakaria Saytouf. E-Mail: saytofzakaria@gmail.com).

Accepted:14/04/2023          Received:4/05/2023  

Abstract: 

The research was conducted during the years 2019-2023 in different locations in latakia city with the aim to study the arborization statuses of some gardens located on the outer sides of the streets: Aleppo, Abdul Qadir Al-Husseini and Al-Thawra Street, to discover the defects in the arborization process determining the form of landscaping system of streets based on the description of arborization sites and morphological characteristics of arboreal species. The tree species spread in uneven proportions within the studied sections, which made the landscape of the gardens unbalanced in terms of the form of the distribution of arboreal individuals due to the frequent use of large numbers of ligstrom, bright fig, jacaranda, and azeracht in large proportions that exceeded the required limit. Abdel Qader Al-Husseini Street outperformed on the other streets in terms of the number of its tree components, followed by Aleppo Street, then Al-Thawra Street. The results showed that there is a defect in the current landscaping system, where uniform dimensions of afforestation were not adhered to at the edge of the road, in the absence of proportion-ality between the length of the street and the number of trees planted on both sides due to the presence of unforested sections that constituted 47.57% of the total length of the green line to the sides of the streets, which distorted the shape of the tree rows and reflected negatively on the general landscape of the streets. The study also pointed to many deviations from the natural growth form of the plant species, such as deformations of the stem, branches, and roots, and these conditions indicate an asymmetrical landscaping system.

Keywords: plant diversity- inventory- arboreal rows- forested sections -unforested  sections- street side gardens.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Shadi hani akil ^(1)*

(1). Second Faculty of Agriculture, Damascus University, Seiwda, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Shadi Akil. E-Mail: shadi78136@hotmail.com).

Accepted:10/04/2023                         Received:28/05/2022   

Abstract:  

This research aimed to estimate the effect of three species of (PGPR)Frateuria aurantia (Fra), Pseudomonas fluorescens (Ps), and Rhizobium leguminosarum (Rh) in growth inhibition of two isolates of Fusarium oxysporum(F5and F6) . Frateuria aurantia showed the highest fungal growth inhibition with 60,33% and 48.23%, secondly Pseudomonas fluorescens isolatewith inhibition effect (41.25% and 28.86%), finally Rhizobium leguminosarum which reached (31.76% and 22.35%). results showed also that volatile products of studied bacterial spices had an inhibitory growth effect of both F.oxysporum isolates. Fra specie achieved the highest inhibition growth on F5 with ratio (17.77%), with no significant differences comparing by F5+Ps (17.18%), whereas F. aurantia significantly excelled at all experiment pilot, as inhibition growth of F6 isolate which reached to  (28.02%) .

Keywords: Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR)،growth inhibiting,Fusarium oxysporum.

Full paper in Arabic:  pdf