Nizar Harba⁽¹⁾ and Nizar Mualla⁽¹⁾ and Jaafar Ali^(1)*

(1). Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Latakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Eng. Jaafar Ali, Email: jaafaral3li@gmail.com)

Received:24/03/2023         Accepted:7/06/2023

Abstract: 

TThe study was conducted during the years 2020-2021 and 2021-2022 on three species of Trigonella spp. (T. foenum- graecum, T. spinos, T. spicata), which are widespread wildly in some locations on the Syrian coast. Twenty-nine morphological characters of foliar, flowering, fruiting, and seed assemblies were used to study the morphological characterization of these species, and Morphological taxonomic keys were established. The data were organized into tables and analyzed, then a dendrogram representing the relationship of dissimilarity was constructed using NTSYS program through the UPGMA method. The morphological cluster tree for all types showed two main groups with a dissimilarity contrast ratio of 70%. The first group contained the species T. foenum- graecum from different locations (Al-Karama, Dweir babdah and Baamrael) with dissimilarity coefficient of 40%, while the second group was divided into two sub-groups with coefficient of 62%. Where the first sub-group contained the species T. spicata from (Al-Karamah and Dweir babdah), and the second sub-group included the species T. spinosa from (Al-Karama, Dweir babdah and Baamrael). This difference in variance ratios may be attributed to the influence of environmental factors on the studied characters.

Keywords: Trigonella spp., morphological characterization, cluster analysis.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Ola Kajo * ⁽¹⁾ and Rasha Al-Souda⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Latakia, Syria.

(*corresponding author: Dr. Ola Kajo,E-Mail:olakajo0932@yahoo.com, 0932663764).

                Received:30/03/2023         Accepted: 7/06/2023                                                     

Abstract: 

This research was conducted in Demsarkho region (Lattakia) during growing season 2022 in order to study the effect of  two plant spacing between plants (20  and 30 cm) and three  collecting dates of petals (when 50,100% flower heads were opened, and in the beginning of petals wilting) on some productive and qualitative characteristics of Safflower. The experiment was conducted using the Randomized complete blocks design with  with three replication. The results showed that the narrow plant spacing (20 cm) was superior in dry petals yield and seeds yield per unit of area (75.54 Kg/ha, 3721 Kg/ha respectively), whereas the highest percentage of oil in seeds  (30.50%) was recorded when planting at a spacing 30 cm between plants . For harvesting dates, the superiority of harvesting when petals wilting in seed yield per unit of area (4159 Kg/ha), and the percentage of oil in seeds. whereas, the highest yield of dry petals (79.8 Kg/ha) was recorded when  100% flower heads were opened, surpassing the other harvesting dates.  In addition, the results showed the interactive relation of the two study factors, the highest yield of seeds was recorded when planting at plant spacing (20 cm) and harvesting when petals wilting (4985 Kg/ha), while the highest yield of dry petals (89.7 Kg/ha) was obtained when planting at the same plant spacing but harvesting when 100% flower heads were opened .

Key words: Safflower , plant spacing ,  Harvesting petals dates , Seed Yield, petal yield, oil percentage.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Yasmeen Gandour^(1)*, Ghassan Yacoub⁽¹⁾ and Ghassan Baddor ⁽¹⁾

(1). Dep. Agricultural Economics., Fac. Agric., Tishreen Univ., Lattakia, Syria..

(*corresponding author: Yasmeen Gandour,  E-Mail: Yasmina gandour777@gmail.com).                                                                                             

Received:21/04/2023                              Accepted:12/06/2023    

Abstract: 

The aim of the research is to identify the most important factors affecting the demand for citrus crop in Syria, and to estimate the demand function for it. Analytical, with the aim of presenting and organizing the data, and then analyzing it using some appropriate statistical indicators and programs such as SPSS. The results of the research showed that the production of citrus in Syria is sufficient to meet the need of local demand despite its fluctuation as a result of the crises and disasters that the country suffered during the previous years. 0.04- This means that an increase in the price of citrus by one unit leads to a decrease in the quantity demanded by 0.04, and this is consistent with economic theory, just as the relationship between the citrus crop and the banana crop is a reciprocal relationship because the value of the cross elasticity coefficient is 0.007 and its sign is positive, and this means that when the price of banana decreases, it decreases demand for citrus crops, In addition to the presence of a direct relationship between the per capita income and the required quantities of citrus, where the sign of the income elasticity of demand coefficient was positive and its value is 0.1, meaning that when the income increases by one unit, the demand increases by 0.1

Keywords: citrus yield, economic estimation, demand function, demand elasticities

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Ali F. Washam^(1)*

(1). Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kufa, Al Najaf, Iraq.

 (*corresponding author: Ali F. Washam Email: alif.altai@uokufa.edu.iq ).

Received:   26/12/2023                  Accepted:11/07/2024

Abstract: 

The introduction of scientific innovations in the field of animal production is necessary to achieve the best productivity, as it allows the best dealing with dairy cattle and their products, as modern technologies such as the Internet of Things and artificial intelligence have a significant impact on the success of monitoring and analysis processes, and the development of distinct types of biosensors and communication protocols. Advanced technology has enabled the introduction of modern technologies in the management of dairy cattle through remote monitoring and decision-making based on data. It also achieves the best health monitoring through early detection of diseases, monitoring nutrition, animal care, monitoring milk cleanliness, and detecting predator attacks. It facilitates health monitoring of dairy cattle, as traditional diagnostic procedures require many workers and take a long time. This study discusses the importance of implementing a smart environmental system using advanced modern technologies in dairy cattle stations, to monitor the health of dairy cattle using advanced devices and robots.

Keywords: precision livestock farming, sensors, dairy cattle

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Ali Adnan Al- Aloush *⁽¹⁾

(1). Directorate of Agriculture Deirzour, Al- Furat University, Deirzour, Syria

(* Corresponding author: Ali Adnan Aloush, E-Mail: ali83aloush8383@gmail.com, Phone: +963955275483)

Accepted: 15/10/2022                        Received:13/05/2023

Abstract: 

This study aimed to demonstrate the effect of raising broiler chickens with different densities in the breeding area during the summer season on productive indicators. 2020, where all the experimental birds were subjected to the same environmental conditions, and the research was conducted using 180 chicks from broilers (commercial Ross hybrid). Respectively, all experimental chicks were given vaccinations and immunizations through drinking water according to the approved programs in the experiment. During the experiment, the average live weight, weight gain, average consumption of the amount of feed consumed, the feed conversion factor, and the mortality rate were calculated on a weekly basis. At the end of the experiment, the results showed a significant superiority of the first and second groups, which were raised With a density of 12 – 14 birds / m 2, respectively, the final results were as follows: For the average live weight 1967 – 1967 – 2011 g for the three groups, respectively, while the average feed consumption was (3727 – 3696 – 3685) g, respectively, and the feed conversion factor was 1.998 -1.987 – 1.916, respectively. As for the mortality rate, it was 9.11-11.43-13.66, respectively. Through these results, it was found that the differences were not significant between the first and second groups, while the differences were significant between the first and third groups.

Keywords: Broilers, Birds Density, Productivity Indicators, Mortality rate.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Ali Al-Haidar* (1)

(1). Hama University, Hama , Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Ali Al-Haidar, E-Mail: equivet.al.haidar@gmail.com)

Received: 2/ 11/ 2022              Accepted:7/ 06/ 2023

Abstract: 

This study aimed to evaluate the potenial effects of feeding by de-Hulled cotton mail and soybean mail, as protein sources on Ca⁺⁺, K⁺, Na⁺ blood levels. This study was conducted on (18) goat kids aged 140-159 (average 150 days), and weighted 19-27 (average 23.2 Kg). Study duration was divided into two periods: 1) introductory period of (10) days during which, kids were fed on balanced forage. Blood samples were collected and considered as control at introductory period end. 2) experimental period of 3 months duration, during which animals were divided into three groups. First group (Ct) had de-Hulled cotton mail only, second group (SCt) had both of de-Hulled cotton mail and soybean, and third group (S) had soybean only in its forge. Blood samples were collected at end of each month during experimental period. No significant changes in blood ion’s levels were detected for group Ct and SCt. Meanwhile, they were significant for group S. Na⁺ level was significantly higher in group S comparing with group Ct and SCt along experimental period. Contrary, K⁺ level changes were generally not significant. However, Ca⁺⁺ level was significantly low during first month, however, it gradually goes higher during experimental period, despite, it still lower than control, Ct and SCt group. In parallel, conversion factor and weight gain rate were significantly higher for group S. Results of our study suggest that soybean mail had positively affected blood ion’s levels, probably its effects due to increasing the cation-anion differences, as well as, increasing bon calcification.      

Key words: Soybean mail, Isoflavons, Ions, Sodium, Potassium, Calcium.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Yaseen AL Mohsen ^(1)*  and Abdulnaser AL Omar  ⁽²⁾

(1). Animal department,  faculty of veterinary medicine,  University of Hama, Syria.

(2) . Hama Research Center, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR) Damascus, Syria.

^(*Corresponding Author: Dr. Yasen AL Mohsen, E.mail: yaseen.m@hama-univ.edu.sy).

 Received 27 /03 / 2022                          Accepted: 24/05/2023

Abstract: 

The study was conducted on (15) heads of Awassi sheep located in the Agricultural Scientific Research Center in Hama, their age was 4 years and their weight average was 66 kg. It was distributed into three groups (the first group without adding fenugreek seeds to its diet, the second group added fenugreek seeds at a rate of 3%, and the third group added fenugreek at a rate of 6%) in order to evaluate the health status of the liver. Blood samples were taken from the jugular vein of the experimental sheep after adding fenugreek (15 days, one month, and two months) to conduct an analysis of the activity of (ALT, AST, and ALP) enzymes, as well as an analysis of (Glucose, total proteins, albumin, and globulin concentration calculation). The results showed a significant decrease (P≤0.05) in glucose concentration after one month and two months in sheep of the second group, and after two weeks (P≤0.05), one month (P≤0.01) and two months (P≤0.001) in the third group, and the concentration of total proteins increased after two weeks (P ≤0.05), and after two months ((P≤0.01) in the second group, and after two weeks (P≤0.05) and one month and two months (P≤0.01) in the sheep of the third group. As for albumin, its concentration increased significantly (P≤0.05) after two months in the first group. , and after two weeks and one month (P≤0.05) and after two months (P≤0.01) in the third group, The globulin concentration showed a significant increase after two months (P≤0.01) in the second group, and after one and two months (P≤0.01) in the third group, and the values ​​of its ALP activity in the second groups decreased significantly (P≤0.001) after one and two months, and significantly (P ≤0.001) after one month and after two months (P≤0.0001) in the sheep of the third group, as well as the values ​​of ALT activity decreased in the second group and the third group after two months (P≤0.001), which will result through this study to a decrease in glucose concentration and a decrease in the activity values ​​of ALP enzymes And AST and ALT after the addition of fenugreek by 3 and 6% and the increase in the concentration of total proteins, albumin and globulin, which indicates a decrease in catabolic processes and the good health and immune status of hepatocytes in the experimental sheep when adding fenugreek to the feed mixture by 6%.

Key words: Awassi sheep, milk production, regression coefficient.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Zainab Shabaan( ^1)*, Mohamad Galiya^{( 1)}

(1). Department of Zoology, College of Sciences, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

^(*Corresponding Author: Zainab Shabaan, Email: zainab.shabaan1996@gmail.com     Tel.: +0096388968367).

Received: 14/05/2023                                 Accepted:6/07/2023

Abstract: 

The research was conducted with the aim of studying the qualitative composition of the nutrients included in the food spectrum of Lepidorhombus wiffiagonis and some biological parameters (condition factor, general fullness factor, feeding index, Hepato sompatic index) and the longitudinal, weight and sexual composition of the studied individuals. The study was conducted for a full year from October 2021 until the end of October. In the second of 2022, 171 individuals of L. wiffiagonis caught in the marine waters of the Lattakia coast were obtained. The study showed that the studied fish feeds on six nutrients (prey), belonging to three taxonomic  groups( Fish, Crustaceans, Molluscs) Fish ranked first, represented by the, Chlorophthalmus agassizii, with numerical importance (26.66%) and weight (45.17%), followed by crustaceans in terms of numerical and weight importance, then mollusks (Gastropods) ranked third. The specific composition of the food spectrum did not show any difference during the months of the  year.   The results of the research also showed that the sizes of males and females of Megrim fish in the local marine environment are close and there are no significant differences in the average standard length of each of them according to the probability value( P<0.05), and their feeding behavior was similar as it was noted that there were no significant differences between the averages of the coefficient of Stomach fullness between them ( P<0.05), as well as the Feeding factor  and hepato sompatic index .

Keywords: Megrim fish,L.wiffiagonis,demersal fish,food spectrum Syrian Marine waters Lattakian coast.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Ranim Othman^*(1)Mohamad Galiya⁽¹⁾Hussam Eddin Laika⁽²⁾ Zouher Almajid ⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Zoology, College of Sciences, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(2). High Institute of Marine Research, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Ranim Othman, E-mail:  ranim.mr.othman@gmail.com)        

Received: 28/06/2023                                 Accepted:10/07/2023

Abstract: 

 This research aims to determine the traces of some heavy metals in tissues of liver and muscles of two marine commercial fish species caught from the Ras Albasit (Lattakia city beach – Syria) using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (Flame-AAS). The results showed the accumulation of the studied metal elements was higher in Little tunny Euthynnus alletteratus than their accumulation in Bullet tuna Auxis rochei. The concentrations of these element were higher in liver of the first species (Cd: 0.615 ± 0.05 mg/kg and Pb: 3.83  ± 0.349 mg/kg) than their concentration in the liver of second species (Cd: 0.531 ± 0.062 mg/kg and Pb:  3.683 ±  0.591 mg/kg ). The same issue applies to the muscles of both species respectively: (Cd: 0.162 ± 0.024 mg/kg & Pb: 1.553 ± 0.129 mg/kg) and ( Cd: 0.152 ± 0.012 mg/kg & Pb: 1.484 ± 0.170 mg/kg). The difference in the concentrations of these elements between the two studied fish species can be attributed to the different morphometric (Weight, Length) and age characteristics.

Keywords: Heavy metals, Auxis rochei, Euthynnus alletteratus, Syrian marine waters, Ras Al-Basit.

Full paper in English: pdf

Faten alsafadi^*(1(, Ramzi Murshid⁽²⁾ and Abdel Mohsen Marie⁽³⁾

 (1). Sweida Research Centre, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Syria.

(2). Department of Horticulture Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Damascus, Damascus, Syria.

(3). Administration of Horticulture Research, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr.Faten alsafadi. E-Mail. f.alsafadi@gmail.com).                

      Received: 26/03/2023                          Accepted:13/06/2024

Abstract: 

This study was conducted at GCSAR-Swaida research center (Hout station) during the season 2019-2020, to evaluate six melon inbred lines and their F1 hybrids produced by complete diallel mating design, using RCBD with four replications. to estimate Heterosis for hybrids. in addition to evaluate the broad and narrow sense heritability for yield (average fruit weight, number of fruit per plant. yield per plant) and some fruit quality traits of melon (dry matter, total soluble solids, total sugar, monosaccharaides, disaccharides, carotenoids, vitamin C). the results showed highly significant positive estimates of Hetrosis were recorded over mid parents and standard hybrid in hybrids P2×P3, P3×P2 and P1×P2 the highest value was (35.78% and 49.34%, respectively) for yield per plant. and the hybrid P2xP1 showed significant positive Hetrosis over mid parents, better parents and standard hybrid for the percentage of total soluble solids and monosaccharaides in fruits, and the hybrid P2xP1 for the percentage of dry matter, and the hybrids P2×P4, P3×P2, P4×P2, P5×P3 and P5×P4 for the percentage of total sugar and monosaccharaides in fruits, While some hybrids showed significant positive estimates of Hetrosis over mid parents and standard hybrid for the fruit content of carotenoids and vitamin C. The Estimates of the broad sense heritability was high in all traits except number of fruit per plant. While the narrow sense heritability was an intermediate estimate for average fruit weight, yield per plant, fruit content of carotenoids and total soluble solids, that’s refers of possibility to improve this characteristics by selection. 

Keywords: Cucumis melo L., Heterosis, Heritability, Fruit Quality, Melon, Yield.           

Full paper in Arabic: pdf