Mohammed Massri^(1)* and Huda jansiz ⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Food Science, University Homs, Homs, Syria .

(*Corresponding author: Dr.Mohammed Massri. E-Maildr.mmmassri@ gmail.com, Tel:  0944555187)

Received: 10/10/2024          Accepted: 6/04/2025

Abstract: 

Drying is one of the common and simple methods used to preserve plant materials, as this method increases the validity of the material by removing water from it, which leads to reducing the chemical and enzymatic reactions, or even inhibiting them sometimes. Parsley (Petroselinum crispum), mint (Mentha piperita) and Jew’s Mallow (Corchorus olitorius L) leaves were used in this study to evaluate the effect of drying methods (sun drying and oven drying at 30 °C and 50 °C) on the quality characteristics of dried materials.  The moisture, water activity, vitamin C, antioxidant activity, total chlorine, color values *L, *a, *b and yield were estimated. The results showed that the moisture content in the fresh material and in the final dried product differed according to the type of material and the drying method used, as the higher drying temperature, due lower the moisture content in the leaves of the dried material, and the lowest moisture content was found in the oven drying method at 50°C. In the case of water activity, it was found that the lower the value of water activity when treated with oven drying at 50°C in dried Parsley (Petroselinum crispum), mint (Mentha piperita) and Jew’s Mallow (Corchorus olitorius L)  leaves, with values of (0.379, 0.327 and 0.418) respectively. Also, a sharp decrease in vitamin C was observed with increasing drying temperature in all studied samples, for example, its value reached 55.64, 34.22, 25.17 and 12.13 (mg/100 g) in the fresh sample and by drying in the sun, in the oven at 30°C and in the oven at 50°C consecutively it was found that the highest values in total phenolic compounds were in oven drying at 30°C, then in solar drying, then in oven drying at 40°C, and the antioxidant activity values were the highest possible in oven drying at 30°C, and the highest content of total chlorophyll was found in the drying method at 30°C. It was found that the solar drying method was the best in terms of color values *L, *a, and *b.  For all the leaves of the studied samples. As for the effect of the drying method on the yield, it was found that the highest yield in the leaves of the studied plants after drying, it was found in the oven drying method at 30°C, as it reached 18.27, 20.66 and 28.97% Parsley (Petroselinum crispum), mint (Mentha piperita) and Jew’s Mallow (Corchorus olitorius L)leaves, respectively.

Keywords: Drying methods, Parsley (Petroselinum crispum), mint (Mentha piperita) and Jew’s Mallow (Corchorus olitorius L), quality characteristics

 Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Najwa Alafas^(1)* and  Wafaa Khedr⁽²⁾   

(2). Faculty of Agriculture, Homs University, Department of Main Science Homs, Syria.

(1). Faculty of Agriculture, Homs University, Department of Crops, Homs, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr: Najwa Alafas, E-mail: najwaalafas@gmail.com )

Received:4/03/2025                                Accepted:23/04/2025

Abstract: 

This research was carried out at a field during 2021-2022 season in Talkalakh region in Western Area-Homs to study the effect of spraying with seaweeds extract and plant density on some growth and productivity traits of faba bean crop (var. Kubrusy). Three concentrations of seaweeds extract were used (1, 1.5, 2) g/l in addition to the control treatment. Three densities were studied (12.5, 16.7 and 25 plants/m²)). A split plot design with three replications was used. Spraying with seaweeds extract (2)g/l caused a significant increase in: plant height (74.72) cm, number of branches/plant (4.51), pod length (11.83) cm, number of pods (11.08) pod/plant, weight of dry seeds (33.20) g/plant and seed yield (5747.22) kg/ha. Increasing plant density to (25) plant/m² caused an increase in: plant height (74.76) cm, the first pod height (18.25) cm and seed yield (5260.83) kg/ha, while it caused a significant decrease in: number of branches/plant (2.93), number of pods (6.47) pod/plant, weight of dry seeds (21.04) g/plant. Spraying (2) g/l of seaweeds extract and planting (25) plants/m² gave the highest seed yield (6859.17) kg/ha.

 Key words: Faba bean, seaweeds extract, plant density, seed yield.

 Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Manar  alreyahi^*(1)

 (1). Lattakia- University , Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Manar M alreyahi, E-Mail: manaralreyahi4@gmail.com. phone:0932166690 ).

Received:31/07/2024          Accepted: 6/04/2025

Abstract: 

The research was carried out in the Tobacco Research Center (Jableh) During the agricultural season 2023-2024, By cultivating the tobacco variety (Baladi (Shak Al-Bent) And treated with amino acids (Glutamine N, Thiamine (T) and Gibberellic Acid G) At a concentration of (2 mg/L) and a rate of three sprays according to the randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates per treatment to study its effect on some characteristics (Plant height (cm), number of leaves/plant, plant productivity (g), Leaf length and width (cm), Length / Width ratio and leaf area (cm²). The results showed the positive effect of treatment with amino acids and gibberellic acid on all the studied traits, It led to an increase in plant height, number of leaves/plant and plant productivity compared to the control, Leaf dimensions and area in plants treated with amino acids compared to controls, On the other hand, the amino acid (glutamine (N) showed superiority over (gibberellic acid (G) and thiamine (T) in plant height, which reached (44.3 cm), And in the number of leaves (14.5), the productivity of the plant (120.05 g),  the length of the leaf (31.87 cm), the width of the leaf (14.6 cm), and its area (316.54 cm2). Glutamine outperformed both thiamine and gibberellic acid in most of the properties studied, We recommend using amino acid and Gibberellic Acid G sprays on tobacco plants because of their positive effects on many morphological and productive characteristics.                                      

Keywords: Nicotiana tabacum- amino acids- Glutamine- thiamine gibberellic acid- Plant height- Yield- leaf area.

 Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Alaa Afif ^(1)*

 (1).Tartous Research Center, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Alaa Afif   E-Mail alaa.afef88@gmail.com,Telephone: 0982179887).

Received: 16/02/2025                          Accepted : 28/05/2025

Abstract: 

In order to find natural alternatives to chemical preservatives and reduce their side effects, the effectiveness of grapefruit, pomelo and lemon peel extracts was studied on two types of pathogenic bacteria (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) isolated from chicken meat. Samples were collected from a poultry farm in Tartous and transported refrigerated to the laboratory. Their diagnosis was confirmed by culturing them on differentiating media and by biochemical tests. The results showed significant variation between the inhibition diameters, as the alcoholic pomelo peel extract outperformed all other extracts with a statistical significance of inhibition diameters of (14.50 mm), then the alcoholic grapefruit peel extract with a significance of (12.17 mm), then the alcoholic lemon peel extract with a significance of (11.83 mm), then the aqueous pomelo peel extract and aqueous grapefruit with a significance of (10.67 mm), followed by the aqueous lemon peel extract with a significance of (10.00 mm), then the antibiotics gentamicin with a significance of (9.67 mm), and fosfomycin with a significance of (5.83 mm). Thus, the aqueous and alcoholic extracts of lemon peels, pomelo, and grapefruit show encouraging effectiveness that may qualify them as natural antimicrobials.

 Keywords: Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ,peels, lemon, pomelo, grapefruit.

 Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Abd Ulkader Nadaf ^(1)*,Maissa Kakeh⁽¹⁾, Khair Al-Din Tarsha Kurdi⁽²⁾, Muhammad Zakaria Zein Al-Din⁽³⁾

(1). Dept.of Renewable Natural Resources and Environment, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria.

(2). Dept.of Engineering Materials Science, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria.

 (3). Aleppo Chamber of Industry, Ministry of Industry, Aleppo, Syria

(*Corresponding author: Abd Ulkader Nadaf. E-Mail: naddafabdalkadder@gmail.com Tel:+963931815499).

Received: 9/02/2024            Accepted: 11/06/2024

Abstract: 

This research aims to study the physical properties, such as moisture content and density, of wood pellet manufactured from the wild reed plant, Phragmites australis (leaf, stem, and entire parts of the plant), after manufacturing them by chopping and grinding plant samples, then pressing them with a small homemade press made up of an iron frame with A controllable metal press and a mold to transform them into regular shaped molds and expose them to a high temperature of 105°C for a period ranging between 20-30 minutes using an electric dryer. After the process of manufacturing the compresses, the moisture content and density of the samples made from the wild reed plant (leaf – stem – all parts of the plant) are calculated. These compresses were manufactured and tested in the wood technology laboratory at the College of Agriculture. The average humidity of the compresses ranged from (7.62 to 16.59) and the average density ranged from (0.330 to 0.924).

Keywords: wild reed, wood pellet, density, moisture content.

 Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Saleh Saleh *⁽¹⁾, M. Shafik Hakim⁽¹⁾, and Abdullah Al-Yousef ⁽²⁾

(1). Dept. of Field Crops, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, University of Aleppo

(2). General commission for Scientific Agriculture Research, Aleppo Research Center, Aleppo, Syria.

(*corresponding author: Saleh Saleh, Email: salehalsaleh989@gmail.com Mob. 0938386194).

Received:25/10/2023        Accepted: 25/06/2024

Abstract: 

This study carried out in Humaimeh Research Station/ Aleppo Center for Scientific Agricultural Research/Syria during seasons 2019/2020, and 2020/2021 to estimate the components of genetic variation and study the genetic action of Crop Parameters and its components using Generation Mean Analysis Model, F1, F2, with their parents and BC1 & BC2 were selected from MSc thesis according to T- test. The results showed that averages of generations were high significant for all parameters in all hybrids. The results indicated to the importance of additive effect and dominant genetic action which varied between parameters in all hybrids. The dominance x dominance interaction was more effect of the additional genetic action x additional, and the additional x dominant in all the traits studied. The values of phenotypic variance coefficient were higher than the genetic variance coefficient in all the traits studied, which indicates that the traits were influenced by the environment, and the genetic variance coefficient was higher than the environmental variance. The highest values of predicted genetic progress were associated with high and medium values of the degree of heritability in the narrow sense for the traits studied. The results showed the possibility of selection in the early segregation generations, especially the first and fourth hybrids, for the traits of early maturity and 1000 grain -weight. Therefore, these hybrids can be introduced into a breeding program to benefit from them in improving these traits in barley under drought conditions

Keywords: Barley, generation mean analysis, six populations, heritability, genetic advance.

 Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Samar H. Othman(¹⁾, Nadine N. Ali^{( 1)} and Nada A. Allouf^{( 1)}

(1). Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Tishreen University, Latakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Samar H Othman. samar.93.sam@gmail.com).

Received:7/03/2024                    Accepted: 2/06/2024

Abstract: 

This study aimed to evaluate the virulence of three native isolates of nematodes Heterorhabditis  (H1, H2, and H6), against the last instar of Galleria mellonella larvae, using the dose-response test, under laboratory conditions. The experiment was conducted in the laboratory in 2023. The three isolates were compared at four concentrations (5, 10, 15, and 20 infective juveniles IJs/1 insect larvae) at 30±2 C°. The results showed that H2 and H6 caused mortality during the first 24 hours after treatment. Mortality rates reached 80% and 50% using 20 and 10 Ijs, respectively. On the second day, significant differences were noticed between the three isolates and the control. Mortality rate achieved 80%, 90%, 100% for H1, H6 and H2, respectively. No significant differences were observed between the three isolates in terms of their killing ability except on the first day where H2 was the highest. LD50 after 48 h was 10.13, 10.44, 9 Ijs for H1, H2, and H6, respectively.

Keywords: Entomopathogenic Nematode, efficiency, Heterorhabditis, Galleria mellonella, Dose response.

 Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Samar Dayoub^*(1)_, Rashid Kharbotli⁽¹⁾ and Nabil Abokaf ⁽²⁾

(1). Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University

Lattakia, Syria.

(2). Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University

Lattakia, Syria

(*Corresponding author: Samar Dayoub. E-mail: samardayoub17@gmail.com ).

Received: 30/03∕2024                    Accepted:11∕ 06∕ 2024

Abstract:                                                                                                                                      

The experiment was carried out on two apple cultivars Royal gala, Granny smith and the rootstock Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill fifteen years old and grafted on M. sylvestris nine years old in Kassab orchard for seedling rootstocks of agriculture and agricultural reform directorate in Lattakia province during seasons of 2020 and 2021. The Different pruning treatments that practiced on trees were (control, slight, intermediate, and intensive pruning).  In addition to  artificial infestation was made for trees in June, the percentage of aerial infestation (AI %) of woolly apple aphid (WAA) were estimated after (4) months of making infestation. The aim of this study is estimating the effect of different pruning treatments on the percentage of aerial infestation (AI %) of woolly apple aphid (WAA) and its impact on the different nutrients content of both leaves and fruit.  The results showed that the intensive pruning increased the percentage of aerial infestation for all cultivars.  The intermediate pruning treatment was the best in comparison to other treatments in achieving the lowest value of aerial infestation for all studied cultivars. the results of the statistical analysis of treatments, there were differences between all the studied treatments wich was remarkable in the trees CV^” Royal gala^” and with the superiority of the control treatment in comparison to other pruning treatments . the highest content of studied nutrients in the intermediate pruning wich gained in the CV ” Granny smith^” and M. sylvestris. Whereas was in the slight pruning treatment for the CV^” Royal gala^”  . the intensive pruning treatment reduced the fruit content of total solids (TSS%)  and total sugars(TS%). On the contrary increased the total acidity (TA%) for all cultivars. The best  pruning treatment was the intermediate pruning wich reduced the  total acidity (TA%) in the fruit flesh and also increased (TSS%)  and (TS%).

Keywords: Royal gala , Eriosoma lanigerum, intermediate pruning, , Malus   sylvestris, total acidity.       

 Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Saher Al-Halabi*⁽¹⁾, Walid Nafaa⁽²⁾ and  Bayan Mezher⁽³⁾

(1). Department of  Plant Protection Research, Agriculture Research Center in Swieda, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Syria

(2). Damascus University, Second Faculty of Agriculture, Swieda, Syria

(3). Pome and Grapevine Division, Sweida, GCSAR, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Saher Al-Halabi. E-Mail: alhalabi.m.saher@gmail.com)

Received:  30/12/2023                         Accepted:25/05/2024

Abstract: 

Dead-arm disease is one of the most important Grapevine Trunk Diseases. It effects on the quality and quantity of grape production, and leads to early death of infected bushes in vineyards. The aim of this study was to determine some characteristics of Xylem vessels, such as diameter and density of Xylem vessel in two V. vinifera cultivars “Al-Salti” and “Al-hulwani”, to determine their role in the occurrence of dead arm disease. The research was carried out at the Agricultural Scientific Research Center and vineyards within Swieda Governorate, during the season (2022-2023).The results showed that the diameters of large Xylem vessels were encouraging the occurrence and spread of infection in the studied varieties, as “Al-Salti” variety recorded an infection rate estimated at 100% with a large average diameter of Xylem vessels (195.14 µm) compared to “Al-Halwani” variety, which recorded an infection rate of 25% and a small average diameter (87.27µm). The frequency of vessels was inversely related to the average diameter of vessels for the varieties, where the frequency of vessels was recorded as (29.75 and 38.21 vessel/mm²), respectively. This is considered the first study to show the role and relationship of the diameter and density of Xylem vessels in grapevine to the occurrence and spread of dead-arm disease.

Keywords: grapevine, dead-arm, Xylem vessels, diameter, density.

 Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Riad Qara Fallah * ⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Geography, Faculty of Arts and Human Sciences, Tishreen University, Latakia, Syria.

 (*Corresponding author: Dr. Riad Qara Fallah. E-mail: riadqarafallah@gmail.com)

Received: 20/02/2024            Accepted date: 26/06/2024

Abstract: 

The world in general and the eastern Mediterranean region – within which Syria is located – have witnessed, especially in the last four decades, an unprecedented rise in temperature rates exceeding all previous decades. The rise in temperature has been accompanied by a decline in the amount of rainfall, and the periods and areas affected by drought have increased, according to the IPCC report, 2021. This research aims to determine the amount of temperature change and precipitation amounts during the period (1981-2020) in the Al-Hasakah and Qamishli stations located in the Syrian Jazira region, and to divide the study period into two equal periods for comparison between them, then analyze the relationship between precipitation and temperature to determine the beginning and end of periods of climatic humidity and drought during the two comparison periods through a climate diagram. As a result, the temperature rose by 2 degrees during the second period compared to the first in Al-Hasakah and 1.2 in Al-Qamishli. Precipitation decreased by 44.6 mm in Al-Hasakah and 40.4 mm in Al-Qamishli. Dry periods increased by two weeks in Al-Hasakah and a week in Al-Qamishli.

Keywords: climate drought, climate diagram, climate change, Al-Hasakah Qamishli..

 Full paper in Arabic: PDF