Loora Ahmad *¹, Ibrahim Alabid ¹, and Yaser Hammad²

¹Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

² Department of Soil and Water Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Loora Ahmad. E-Mail: loorahmad1998@gmail.com. Phone:+963982602696).

Received: 18/ 06/ 2024      Accepted: 5/ 08/ 2024

Abstract

This research was conducted with the aim of evaluating the efficiency of two types of beneficial bacteria , Basillus subtilis and Pseudomonas flourescens in improving the growth parameters of tomato plants infected with the pathogenic bacteria Pseudomonas corrugata. The research results showed an increase in all the values of all studied parameters presence of (Plant height, fresh and dry weight of shoots, and fruit weight) when inoculated with beneficial bacteria in the absence and presence of infection with pathogenic bacteria and a reduction in the effect of pathogenic bacteria on plant growth parameters. Inoculation with beneficial bacteria singly or in a mixed achieved a significant increase in all studied treatments compared to the healthy control. The results showed that Basillus subtilis  bacteria was outperformed with a statistically significant difference compared to Pseudomonas fluorescens bacteria. Mixed inoculation treatments with a mixture of the two types of beneficial bacteria were the best in stimulating growth plant and reduce the effect of pathogenic bacteria.                                                              

Keywords:  Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Plant growth, Tomato pith necrosis disease.

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Yahya Yosof *1 and Mohammad Nizam1

1Administration of horticulture, General Commission for scientific Agriculture Research, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Yahaya Yosof, E-Mail:yosof@gmail.com).

Received: 24/ 04/  2024     Accepted: 4/ 08/ 2024

Abstract

The experiment was carried out during the year 2022-2023 in (Shas village / Tartous Governorate) in an orchard planted with 8-year-old May Crust peach trees to study the effect of smart nutrition with iron compounds (iron chelate Fe-EDTA 13%, hydrous ferrous sulphate Feso4,7H2o) and ascorbic acid. In the production of the peach tree and the quality of the fruits produced from it, I was affected by the partial partial experience of the number of commercial contracts 6 away from within it, near the witness (learning spray). All you need consists of three replicates and each replicate contains three companies. A specific sample of iron and ascorbic acid was used at a concentration of (500 mg/L) each, and they were used alone or in combination. It was concluded that the results of careful division of leaves were superior to the control in terms of vegetative or fruitful indicators, as well as fruits.The best treatment for the length of the packages is the treatment of the mixture (ferrous sulphate + ascorbic acid), which came in a diameter of (75.17 cm). As for the number of leaves, the best treatments were iron chelates, which amounted to (91) leaves/new growth. As for the physical characteristics, the best parameter in terms of number of fruits was ascorbic acid, which amounted to 444.67 fruits/tree, and in terms of fruit weight and fruit hardness, the best was (ferrous sulphate + ascorbic acid), which reached 79.53 g and 1.23 kg/cm2, respectively. As for the chemical specifications of the fruits, the best variants of total sugars (Ts) were treated with a mixture (ferrous sulphate). aqueous + ascorbic acid) and for the total materials treated with flox (iron chelate + ascorbic acid)
Keywords: peaches, leaf spray, iron chelate, ferrous sulfate aqueous, ascorbic acid.

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Yara Ehsan *¹_, Mahmoud Alio ¹, Baseem Barhoum ² and Haiyan Sulaiman ¹

1 Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture Engineering, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.
2 Department of Software and Information Systems, Faculty of Information Engineering, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Yara Ehssan. E-Mail:yara.ehssan.96@gmail.com)

Received: 5/ 05/ 2024        Accepted: 16/ 09/ 2024

Abstract

The research aimed to identify the capabilities provided by modern technologies such as the use of smart phones and the Internet in supporting extension activities and the ability of extension workers to use and employ them in extension services. To achieve the research objectives, a questionnaire was designed and information was collected from the sample members studied using a personal interview method by asking direct questions to a simple random sample of 100 agricultural extension workers in Lattakia Governorate. The descriptive approach was used to analyze data such as frequencies, percentages, arithmetic averages, the five-point Likert scale, ANOVA analysis of variance, etc. among the sample members. The results showed that most agricultural extension workers own mobile phones at a rate of 99% (89% of which are modern phones), and the extension workers’ ability to use technology represented by smart phones was high, and there is a high desire among extension workers to use applications on smart phones to disseminate agricultural extension information. The results also indicated that one of the most important justifications for using smartphones in agricultural guidance is the high cost of producing posters and agricultural guidance publications. One of the most important factors for using smartphones in guidance work was reaching the largest number of guides in different places. The research recommended making use of smartphones as one of the modern guidance means to obtain agricultural information and guidance services
Keywords: Smart Phones, Electronic Agricultural Extension, Electronic Applications.

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Haifa Hossen*¹_, Naziha Ruqaya² and Nabil Habib²

¹ Syrian Grain Establishment, Latakia, Syria.

² Department of  Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture,  Tishreen University,  Latakia,  Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Haifa Hossen. E-Mail: haifahossen@yahoo.com).

Received: 26/ 06/  2024     Accepted: 24/ 09/ 2024

Abstract

The research was carried out during the two agricultural seasons 2019 and 2020 by planting two lines of barley and triticale sourced from the General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research , in addition to common vetch (Vicia sativa L.), where cultivation took place on the Boqa farm affiliated with the Faculty of Agricultural Engineering at Tishreen University. to study the effect of mixing ratios of barley and triticale with vetch on some productive traits of vetch. The experiment was implemented according to a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replicates. The results indicated a significant effect of mixed cultivation in terms of the type of grass crop and its percentage in the mixture on the number of pods on the plant, the number of seeds per pod, the weight of a thousand seeds, the separation index, and the harvest index in vetch grown within the mixture. Vetch excelled in single cultivation in all the studied characteristics, while the number of pods, the number of seeds per pod, the filtering index, and the harvest index in vetch grown in the fodder mixture decreased significantly as the percentage of cereal plants included in the mixture increased. The opposite was observed with regard to the weight of a thousand seeds in the vetch. Barley showed stronger competition. of vetch in the mixture compared to triticale, as all the studied traits were negatively affected and to a greater extent in the vetch treatments grown with barley compared to the vetch treatments grown with triticale. The mixture consisting of 75% vetch and 25% triticale was superior in terms of the number of pods, number of seeds per pod, screening index, and harvest index over the rest of the mixtures. As for the weight of a thousand seeds, the mixture consisting of 75% triticale and 25% vetch was superior to the rest of the mixtures.
Keywords: Common vetch, Barley, Triticale, Forage mixtures.

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Heba Shams Aldden ^1*, Samir Shamsham ¹ and Fadi Abbas²

1 Lands Department, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Al-Baath University, Homs, Syria.
2 General commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Homs Research Center. Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Heba Shams Aldden. E-Mail: Lamar.shamss@gmail.com).

Received: 27/ 07/ 2024        Accepted: 16/ 09/ 2024

Abstract

The research was carried out during the year 2023 at the Center of Scientific Agricultural Research in Homs, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, on the peanut variety Sahel, to study the effect of mycorrhizal inoculation and phosphate fertilization on some soil fertility characteristics under conditions of deficient irrigation during the flowering and pod formation stages. The experiment was designed according to the Split-split plots design, where stress treatments were placed in the main plots, phosphate fertilization treatments were placed in split plots, and mycorrhizal inoculation treatments were placed in split-split plots with three replicates. The results showed that inoculation with mycorrhiza had a significant effect on increasing the concentration of NPK nutrients available in the soil, and it also had a role in lowering the soil pH, without significant differences between the two stress treatments during the flowering and. pod formation stages. The increased levels of phosphate fertilizer and drought stress also increased the concentration of available phosphorus and potassium, and reduced the content of mineral nitrogen in the soil, without significant differences between the two stress treatments during the flowering and. pod formation stages. Increasing the phosphate fertilization rate had no significant effect on the degree of soil pH, nor did any of the studied factors have any effect on the degree of electrical conductivity of the soil.
Keywords: Mycorrhiza, Phosphate fertilizer, Water stress, Peanut.

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Noura Jamal*¹ and Samaher Sakkour

1Dept. of Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Noura Jamal. E-Mail: noura.jamal@tishreen.edu.sy, phone: 0940722518).

Received: 13/ 05/ 2024        Accepted: 20/ 08/ 2024

Abstract

The research aimed to determine the effect of using different percentages of fermented bran (5%, 10%, 15%, 20%) on some of the rheological properties of flour, as well as the he physicochemical and sensory properties of Saj bread. This research was conducted in a private bakery and the analyzes were conducted in the grains laboratory and the research laboratory in the department of Food Sciences at the Faculty of Agriculture – Tishreen University and in the grain laboratory of the Grains Corporation in Latakia Governorate, during the years 2023-2024. The results showed a decrease in phytic acid in the bran as a result of the fermentation process using Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The results of a study of flour mixtures prepared by adding fermented bran in different proportions showed a significant decrease in wet gluten (P<0.05) with increasing addition rates. The Mixolab results also showed an increase in the rate of water absorption and dough development time and a decrease in the rate of retrogradation with increasing addition rates. In contrast, it was observed that the percentage of moisture, ash, crude fiber, phenolic content, and antioxidant capacity increased significantly with increasing addition rates. It was also noted that a dark color and pleasant odor appeared in the bread at low addition rates. An addition rate of 15% achieved sensory acceptance of the resulting saj bread when conducting statistical analysis.
Keywords: fermented bran, Saj bread, Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast, wheat flour.

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Nagham Muhammad^1*, Ghassan Yacoub² and Munther Khaddam³

¹Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Tishreen University, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Nagham Muhammad, E-Mail: nagham89gh@gmail.com ).

Received: 22/ 05/ 2024     Accepted: 29/ 08/ 2024

Abstract

 This research aimed to measure the level of economic empowerment of rural women through several indicators and the impact of demographic variables on economic empowerment. To achieve the above, a random sample of 384 rural women was taken, and the necessary data for the research were collected by designing a questionnaire designed for this purpose according to the personal interview method with rural women.The descriptive analytical approach was relied upon to describe and analyze the answers of the sample members to the questionnaire questions using frequency tables, arithmetic averages and percentages. The research hypotheses were also tested using one-way ANOVA using the SPSS program. The research results showed that female employees and housewives occupied the highest percentage in the studied sample, as women in the Al-Haffa area depend on government jobs as a primary source of income in addition to a significant percentage devoted to housework and childcare in general. In contrast, the percentage of agricultural work did not exceed 11.2% of the total sample, due to the small size of agricultural holdings, as most of the lands of Al-Haffa are forests and some are rocky and rugged. The research results also showed that rural women in the Al-Haffa region are still at a low level of economic empowerment in the field of competition in the labor market due to the low level of their qualifications that are consistent with the requirements of the labor market. Also, the percentage of their ownership of land and property is still low due to customs and traditions that favor men over women in inheritance. In general, rural women in the Al-Haffa region enjoyed an average degree of economic empowerment, as the total score of the scale reached 57.41%. The results of the research hypothesis test indicated that there were statistically significant differences (sig<0.05) in the level of economic empowerment of rural women in the Al-Haffa region according to the variable of educational level, income, and the profession in which the woman works, as the educated, working woman who has a good income is able to achieve a better economic status compared to others.         

Keywords: Economic empowerment, demographic characteristics, poverty, rural women.

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Nesreen Abdulqader Qurabi*1

¹Department of Food Engineering Technologies, Faculty of Technical Engineering, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Nesreen Qurabi. nisreenqurabie90@gmail.com ).

Received: 11/ 05/  2024     Accepted: 29/ 08/ 2024

Abstract

The aim of this investigation was to extract garlic essential oil GEO, determine its yield and chemical composition by GC-MS, and specific shelf life of storage chilled chicken breast meat by filling it with gelatin edible films which contain garlic essential oil (GEO) at various final concentrations. Garlic essential oil was prepared by steam distilling, and gelatin edible films were prepared, and GEO was added by the following percentages (0, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 1.5 %). These groups were packaged in gelatin edible films, then preserved at (4±1° C) for 18 days and examined after 0, 3, 7, 11, 14 and 18 days of refrigeration for freshness and chemical properties. Freshness analyses included determination of pH value and thiobarbituric acid TBA. Chemical analyses included determination of moisture, ash, fat, and protein content. The samples treated by gelatin edible films with 1 and 1.5% GEO had the best quality characteristics during the chilled storage period, thereby samples of chicken breast meat had saved of quality characteristics for 14 days.

Keywords: Garlic, gelatin, edible films, quality characteristics, chilled storage.

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Maissoun  Ziadeh^1* , Mohammad Dikkeh¹ and Vienna Hammoud²

1Department of Soil and Water Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.
2Department of Biology – Faculty of Science – University of Tartous – Tartous – Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Maissoun Ziadeh. maissounziadeh4@gmail.com ).

Received: 11/ 02/ 2024          Accepted: 13/ 08/ 2024

Abstract

This study deals with evaluating the uptake and accumulation of cadmium and lead in Radish Raphanus sativus L. tissues in order to determine its efficiency for use in phytoremediation of lead-and-cadmium-contaminated soil, based on a pot-experiment. The results of the study showed that the concentration of lead and cadmium in the soil had a significant effect on the decrease in biomass and on the content of the roots and shoots of the Radish plant of both metals,The Radish did not behave as a hyper-accumulating plant of cadmium or lead. Based on the fact that the bioaccumulation coefficient (BAC) and the transfer factor (TF) for cadmium are greater than one for most treatments, and on the available cadmium extraction yield (SEY) (Mg(NO3)2%) which reaches up to 20.75%, meaning that we need to plant radish only 5-11 times to remediate the soil from the available cadmium, it is possible to consider radish as a potential candidate for use in phytoremediation of cadmium by bioextraction.The values of the bioconcentration factor (BCF) and bioaccumulation factor (BAC) for lead were less than one, and the values of the extraction yield of lead relative to the total concentration in the soil (SEYTPb%) were very low, not exceeding 0.0029%. Although the percentage of available lead (soluble and exchangeable) was less than 1% in all treatments the extraction yield of lead remained low, as we need to plant radish between 300-588 times to remediate the soil from the available lead.
Keywords: Phytoremediation, Brassicaceae, Bioconcentration Factor (BCF), Bioaccumulation Factor (BAC), Transfer Factor (TF), Specific Extraction Yield Percentage (SEY%).

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Mokdad Masoud^*1, Ali Sultana¹  and Nadia Safwat¹

¹ Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Mokdad Masoud . mokdadmasoud@gmail.com , mobail:0936559749 ).

Received: 9/ 03/ 2024      Accepted: 1/ 09/ 2024

Abstract

This research studied the effect of adding different percentages of soy flour in biscuit mixtures. Adding different percentages of soy flour (20-30-40%) to wheat flour mixtures prepared for manufacturing biscuits in the studied proportions gave a noticeable increase in the following components: (moisture – ash – Fat – fiber – protein) by increasing the proportion of mixing with soy flour, while th proportion of carbohydrates decreased.The moisture percentage increased from 3.67% in the control sample to 7.16 when 40% soy flour was added, and the fat percentage also increased from 13.43% to 19.62%, while the carbohydrate percentage decreased from 71.76% in the control sample to 54.69% when 40% soy flour was added. The sensory (taste) characteristics of the biscuits improved and were the best when 30% of soy flour was added, except for the smell, which decreased when the percentage of soy flour increased up to 40%. The best degree of smell was in the control sample, and the sensory characteristics decreased when 40% of soy flour was added, so it was less Acceptance degree.In terms of physical properties, the diameter decreased from 6.5 cm in the control sample to 6.3 cm when 40% soy flour was added, while the thickness increased from 1.05 cm in the control sample to 1.2 cm when 40% soy flour was added. The diffusion rate and diffusion rate decreased with increasing the addition of soy flour, as it was higher in the control treatment.
Keywords: wheat flour, soy flour, biscuits, spread rate.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF