Bilal Natiq Abdul-Wahhab⁽¹⁾ Ammar Talib Dhiab Al-Tememy⁽²⁾ Basim Abboud Abbas^*(2)

(1). General Company for Agricultural Supplies, Ministry of Agriculture, Iraq.

(2). Department of Animal Production, College of Agriculture, University of Diyala, Iraq.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Basim Abboud Abbas. E-Mail: bsmmuhandis@yahoo.com).

Received: 18/05/2020                               Accepted: 23/07/2020

Abstract

The experiment was carried out at a closed poultry hall, Animal Production Department, College of Agriculture, Diyala University, during the period from 23/9 to 10/28. A total of 405 one-day old chicks, from Ross-308 strain were used, in order to study the effect of the density and location of the breeding hall on the rate of live body weight, average weekly weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion efficiency and the mortality rate. A complete randomized design was used to perform the statistical analysis with two factors and three replications. The results showed a significant effect of density 10 and 15 birds/m² on body weight, weight gain and nutritional conversion efficiency. In terms of feed intake, the density 15 birds /m² had a significant effect. No significant effect of site was noticed on body weight, feed intake and feed conversion efficiency. Regarding weight increase, the effect was significant at the end of the hall, while the weight increased significantly with the density 10 at the end of the hall. The effect of density 15 at the end of the hall, and density 10 at the middle of the hall had no significant effects compared with the other densities and locations. The results of the mortality rate indicated a significant effect of density 10 and 20, where the lowest mortality rate. The results of the study recommend the use of a density of 10 and 15 birds/m², taking into account the provision of the same environmental conditions for all locations of the breeding hall.

Key words: Bird density, Rearing site, Closed poultry hall, Broiler.

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Abdul Naser Al-Omar^*(1) and Morshid Kassouha⁽²⁾

(1). Hama Research Center, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GSCAR), Damascus, Syria.

(2). Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hama University, Hama, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Abdul Naser Al-Omar. E-Mail: abdnaser64@gmail.com).

Received: 30/03/2020                               Accepted: 01/05/2020

Abstract

This study  was carried out on 1200 heads of Awassi sheep in Hama governorate, 600 heads of them from governmental sector, from which 162 samples of ticks were collected. Also, 600 heads from private sector, from which 279 samples of ticks were collected. Samples collecting lasted one year (2012), ticks samples were preserved in ethyl (70%) until  laboratory testing time. Sheep were selected randomly and checked up clinically in order to know ticks infection prevalence and determine its genus, species, the effect of season, animal age  and the places of parasitism on animal body. Ticks were determined through morphological descriptions by using microscope according to followed standard definition keys. Results showed that the average ticks infection  prevalence in Awassi sheep in the governmental and private sector for whole the year amounted 36.74%  (27% in governmental sector and 46.5% in private sector). It was noticed that there was a significant difference (p<0.01) between ticks infection ratios and the year season where the  most of infections in spring and summer and the less infections in autumn and winter. Also, it was noticed a  significant difference (p<0.01) in infection ratios according to animals ages where the highest of infection ratio was in age group between (2-4) years old which amounted in the two sectors governmental and private 22.97%, and 51.73% respectively, while the less infection ratio was in age group smaller than one year which amounted 17.7% and 35.52% for governmental and private sector respectively.  Eight species of ticks were determined and isolated in Awassi sheep in study area, which followed to two genus at significant difference (p<0.01) of prevalence ratios that  were Hyalamma  spp in high rate amounted  2.5% of total isolations, where (5) species of Hyalamma spp  were diagnosed that called H. anatolicum  excavatum at total rate of (48.07%), H. truncatum (22.22%), H. impeltatum (14.5%), H. marginatum  marginatum(9.07%) and H. lusitanicum (4.08%). Also three types of Rhipicephalus genus were  diagnoses that called: Rh. Turanicus  (1.58%), Rh . camicasi and Rh. Sangaineus  with the same rate (0.45% ) of total isolations. This study recommended to use ticks pesticide periodically specially seasons of numerously ticks prevalence with the necessity to follow  an existence of resistance in some isolated species against pesticides and medicines used for controlling .

Keys word: prevalence of ticks, Awassi sheep, Hama governorate, Syria.

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Hasan Emad Almasri⁽¹⁾ Abdul Rahman Al-Darwish⁽¹⁾ and Hiba Albadee^*(1)

(1).Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Hiba Albadee. E-Mail:  hibaalbadee@gmail.com).

Received: 25/06/2019                               Accepted: 06/09/2019

Abstract

The current research was executed to evaluate the effect of non-genetic factors such as age and weight of ewe at lambing, type of birth, calving month and sex of lamb on chemical composition of Awassi sheep milk (fats, protein and non-fat solids SNF) in Minyan, west of Aleppo, during the period 2015-2018. The overall mean of fats, protein  and non-fat solids of milk were (7.20 ± 1.10, 6.35 ± 1.15 and 11.89 ± 1.31%), respectively. The results of the study showed that age of ewe had a highly significant effect (P<0.01) on  milk composition. The highest values of fats (8.50%), protein (7.62%) and non-fat solids of milk (13.35%) were obtained for 4-year-old ewes. Weight of ewe at lambing had a highly significant effect (P<0.01) on milk composition. The highest fats value of milk (7.95%) was found for ewes weighing over 60 kg, whereas the highest values of protein (6.73%) and non-fat solids of milk (12.36%) were found for ewes weighing less than 50 kg. Type of birth had a highly significant effect (P<0.01) on milk composition. Individual birth surpassed twin birth for fats, protein and non-fat solids of milk (7.57, 6.37 and 11.91 versus 6.32, 5.52 and 10.87%). Calving month had a significant effect (P<0.05) on fats and highly significant effect (P<0.01) on protein and non-fat solids of milk. The highest values of fats (7.69%), protein (7.55%) and non-fat solids of milk ((13.27%) were obtained from ewes that born in October, while the lowest values (6.75, 4.90 and 10.10%) were achieved in January and February, respectively. Sex of lamb had a highly significant effect (P<0.01) on milk composition. Male birth ewes (7.55%) surpassed females (6.84%) for fats in milk, whereas female birth ewes surpassed males for protein and non-fat solids of milk (6.39 and 11.95 versus 5.84 and 11.25%), respectively. It is concluded from the research that most of the studied factors have an important effect on milk quality of Awassi sheep, which requires studying them, determining their impact and attention to the administrative aspects of the herd, to raise the level of performance and maximize the economic return. 

Key words: Awassi sheep, Milk composition, Non-genetic factors.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Malaz AlBasha^*(1)

(1). Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Malaz Albasha. E-Mail: malazalbasha9@gmail.com).

Received: 29/01/2019                               Accepted: 12/04/2019

Abstract

The present study was conducted between the beginning of May to the end of August in 2017, where the plant was collected from the fields of Deir Al-Zour. The active componentsof theaerial parts and roots of Achillea FalcataL. were extracted using different solventsofmethanol 70%, ethanol 80%, methanol 99.9%, ethanol 96%, chloroform 99.8% and hexane 98.5%. The ethanol 80% extracts achieved the highest extraction in both aerial parts and roots. Qualitative phytochemical screening ofcarbohydrates,tannins and saponin in previous extracts was done where the carbohydrates was presented in high concentrations in Achillea Falcata L. The content of flavonoids was determined and it was found that ethanol 80% extracts achieved the highest percentage in both aerial parts (59.21mg/g) and roots (25.26mg/g) of Achillea Falcata L. The total antioxidant activity was estimated by the DPPH radical scavenging activity and it was found that methanol 70% extracts achieved the highest percentage in both aerial parts (78.42%)  and roots (64.83%) extracts of Achillea Falcata L. in comparison with other studied extracts. One compound was isolated and studied from Achillea Falcata L. extract which is Luteoline, by using spectroscopic and chromatographic methods (UV, IR and HPLC).

Key words: Antioxidant activity, Achillea falcate L., Active components, Ethanol extract, Methanol extract, Free radical DPPH.

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Mahmoud Khateeb⁽¹⁾ Aziza Ajouri⁽¹⁾ Yousef Khoudary⁽¹⁾ and Ahmad Shams Aldien Shaaban^*(2)

(1). Soil Science and Land Reclamation Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria.

(2). Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Technical Engineering, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria.

(*Correspondent Author: Dr. Ahmad Shams Al-Dien Shaaban shaabany57@gmail.com).

Received: 27/01/2019                               Accepted: 15/04/2019

Abstract

A pot experiment was carried out at the Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, University of Aleppo, during the 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 seasons in order to study the efficiency of fertilization by Fe and Cu on the productivity of lentil, variety (Idleb1) on calcareous soil. Completely randomized block design was used with five treatments: Copper sulfate and copper chelate with application level of (2 kg/ha), iron sulfate and iron chelate with concentration of (5 kg/ha), and control. Lentil plants had significant response to Fe and Cu when added as chelate. Fe concentrations in soil were 5.21, 5.04, 4.39 ppm for iron chelate, iron sulfate and copper chelate respectively, these treatments had superiority comparing with control. Highest concentration for Cu in soil was 1.18 ppm at copper chelate treatment, and it had a significant difference with other treatments. The concentration of Fe in plant tissues varied between (29.98-33.34 ppm) at first season and between (29.46-33.99 ppm) at second season. Whereas, the concentration of Cu in plant tissues varied between (20.59-25.25 ppm) at first season and between (20.42-25.46 ppm) at second season. The concentration of Fe in seed varied between (34.45-38.32 ppm) at first season and between (34.02-38.13 ppm) at second season. Whereas, the concentration of Cu in seed varied between (18.35-23.16 ppm) at first season and between (18.15-23.20 ppm) at second season. Also, the mean of two seasons showed highest increasing in biological yield (45.6%, 23.8%) for application of Fe chelates and Cu chelates respectively comparing with control. The grain yield increased by ratio 9.3, 13.6, 27.1 and 32.9% for Cu sulfate, Fe sulfate, Cu chelate and Fe chelate respectively compared with control.

Key Words:, Fe, Cu, Chellat, sulfate, Lentil.

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Ahmed Hawas Abdullah Anees^*(1) and Tamadher Adil Ahmed Abdulsatar Al-Dulaimy⁽¹⁾

(1). College of Agriculture, Tikrit University, Tikrit, Iraq.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Ahmed Hawas Abdullah Anees. E-Mail: ahmed75hawas@tu.edu.iq).

Received: 29/06/2020                               Accepted: 28/07/2020

Abstract

The objective of this research was to estimate of the genetic diversity depending on RAPD technique and heresies with evaluation 11 parents (W36⁽¹⁾, DW30⁽²⁾, DW7⁽³⁾, DW17⁽⁴⁾, DW45⁽⁵⁾, DW38⁽⁶⁾, DW26⁽⁷⁾, DW10⁽⁸⁾, DW15⁽⁹⁾, DW47⁽¹⁰⁾ and 22⁽¹¹⁾) in addition to commercial cultivar (Baghdad⁽¹²⁾) that were obtained from the International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Area (ICARDA)/Sulaymaniyah Research Station). The genotypes were included in the partial cross-breeding program to obtain 30 crosses and  planted with the parents at farmer^, s fields of Al-Dour, Salah al-Din Governorate during the season  2017/2018 season, using randomized complete block design with three replications, for leaf area, spike number, number of grain per spike, 1000 grain weight and grain yield of single plant. The results showed significant differences of parents and F1 hybrids for all traits except spike number, so that crop genetic resources may be exploited for further breeding programs. Considering the mean performance, the hybrids (3X7), (4X8), (4X12) and (7X12) showed exceptionally good performance and heterosis effects in comparison to mid parent and better parent for leaf area (85.80, 75.64%), number of grain per spike (32.16, 24.28%), 1000 grain weight (24.46, 23.25%) and grain yield of single plant (76.12, 72.79%) respectively. Results showed that the biggest genetic diversity was between the genotype (3) and (4) (0.791), while the least genetic diversity was between the genotypes (7 and 9) which was (0.23), suggesting that these promising crosses combinations may further be used in various breeding programs especially in selection. These crosses combinations may be used for hybrid crop development in durum wheat for potential yield.

Key words: Durum wheat, RAPD technique, Heterosis.

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Iftikhar Khalaf Abbas Aga^*(1)

(1). Faculty of Agriculture, AlFurat University, Deir Ezzor, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Iftikhar Khalaf Abbas Aga. E-Mail: iftekharabbas55555@gmail.com).

Received: 31/10/2019                               Accepted: 01/07/2020

Abstract

The salinity in arid and semi-arid regions is one of the most important problems that negatively affect plant growth and development, especially at the germination and seedling stages. An experiment was carried out in pots at the laboratories of the Field Crops Department at the Faculty of Agricultural Engineering in Deir Ezzor/Euphrates University during 2016/2017 agricultural season. Therefore, the study aimed to know the role of gibberellic acid in increasing the efficiency of germination and growth of yellow corn seeds (Zea mays L.) cultivar (Ghouta-82) under saline stress. The first treatment was the use of saline with different concentrations of sodium chloride (5000, 6000, 7000 and 8000) mg/l, in addition to the treatment of soaking with distilled water (control), and the treatment of soaking the seeds with gibberlic acid GA3 (300) mg/l. The experiment was laid out according to the completely randomized design, with three replications. The number of pots was (30), where each pot represents a treatment. The results showed significant differences in the effect of sodium chloride concentration on all studied characteristics (germination percentage, germination strength, seedlings and root length, leaf area and total chlorophyll) which decreased by 74.33, 76.53, 60.23, 42.34.11, 78.86, 59 and 81)%, respectively, also, there was a significant increase in the period required for germination, and the percentage of (K +) / (Na +) by (61.25 and 61.11)% in the treatment with a concentration of (8000) compared to the treatment of the control (distilled water), in addition to a significant decrease in the treatment of soaking the seeds with GA3 at a concentration of (300) mg/L for both; germination speed and (K + / (Na +) ratio of (28.57 and 23.63)%, respectively, and a significant increase in germination indicators was noticed, where strength, seedlings and rootstock length, (K + / (Na +) ratio, leaf area and total chlorophyll by (16.66, 61.87, 39.13, 66.67, 72.02 and 75.48)%, respectively, compared with the treatment of non-soaking seeds with GA3. Also, the results showed a significant effect of the interaction between salt concentrations and soaking the seeds with GA3 on the one hand, and on the other hand between salt concentration and soaking the seeds with distilled water (control) on all studied traits of yellow corn, cultivar (Ghouta-82).

Key words: Sodium chloride, Gibberellic Acid, Growth traits, Yellow corn, (Al Ghutah – 82).

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Wajiha Kassem Al-Shar⁽¹⁾ Suleiman Salameh⁽²⁾ and Majd Darwish*⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Field Crops. Faculty of Agriculture. Tishreen University. Lattakia. Syria.

(2). Faculty of Technical Engineering. Tartous University. Tartous. Syria

(* Corresponding author: Dr. Majd Darwish. Lattakia. Syria. E-mail: majds26@yahoo.com).

Received: 21/02/2019                               Accepted: 31/05/2019

Abstract

The research was carried out by the cultivation of sweet corn (Zea mays var. Saccharata) grains (Golden Sweet hybrid) at Al-Fakhurah village in Latakia governorate during the season 2018, according to the randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates. The study aimed to determine the effect of plant spraying with hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) (10 and 20 mM), with amino acids (5 and 10 g/L), and with H₂O₂ and amino acids together in some growth, yield and quality characteristics of sweet corn hybrid plants. The spraying treatments with H₂O₂, especially at a concentration of 10 mM, and with amino acids, especially at a concentration of 10 g/L, alone or together, conducted to many positive effects on all growth (morphological and physiological traits), productivity (fresh ear yield) and quality (total protein and soluble sugar contents in fresh ear kernels) characteristics of golden sweet corn. Thus, these compounds spraying with concentrations (10-20 mM for H₂O₂ and 5-10 g/L for amino acids), alone or together, is recommended considering to their observed role in stimulating the growth of sweet corn plants (Golden Sweet hybrid), increasing fresh yield of ear and improving the protein and soluble sugar contents of kernels.      

Keywords: Sweet corn, Hydrogen peroxide, Amino acids, Productivity.

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Hekmat Abbas⁽¹⁾ Ousama Radwan⁽¹⁾ and Amal Asaad Sakkour^*(1)

(1). Department of Ecology and Foresty, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

 (*Corresponding author:Eng. Amal Sakkour. E-Mail: amalsakk1989@gmail.com) 

Received: 03/03/2019                               Accepted: 07/05/2019

Abstract

This research aimed to study the natural regeneration of Pinus pinea L. in many regions in Lattakia, and to determine the most important factors affecting the regeneration. 60 circular samples were taken, the area of each sample was 400 m². The results showed a significant positive effect of the height above sea level, and a significant negative effect on the percentage of rock exposures and a significant positive effect of herb cover. As the total capacity of classification and data forecasting was by the model 81.1%, as the Naglkerke R² value was 54.4%. The positive role of herb cover in the increase in the number of natural rejuvenation seedlings, particularly in the sloping areas, through their contribution to protecting soil from erosion and securing the suitable cradle for the growth of seeds and seedlings of Pinus pinea .The negative role of rock discoveries is in the prevention of pine seeds from reaching the soil and its optimal growth. In terms of the role of the height from the sea in the studied sites, it was positive with the increase  in the height above sea level because of suitable climate factors for growth of seeds and seedlings regeneration and thus ensure continuity.

Key words : Pinus pinea L., Natural regeneration, Inventory, Slope, Herb cover, Syria.  

Full paper in Arabic: PDF                   

Belal AlSayed^*(1) and Ousama Radwan⁽¹⁾

(1). Forestry and Economic Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Latakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Eng. Belal AlSayed. E-Mail: belalyasee@gmail.com).

Received: 04/07/2019                               Accepted: 30/11/2019

Abstract

Street trees are an integral part of the street infrastructure, so choosing the right type plays a big role in determining the aesthetic and environmental value of any street. From an aesthetic perspective, street trees are important in increasing the beauty of the city and providing visual aids, but from an environmental perspective, street trees play an important role in reducing the effects of urbanization and population growth on the environment. The research analyzed tree rows and studied the diversity of trees and identified their idealism in Al-Maghreb Al-Arabi street in Latakia City. Results of this paper revealed prominent breaks in the arboreal rows, and that these rows contained four botanic species (Washingtonia filifera H., Eucalyptusro strata Schlecht., Meliaazedarach L. and Ficusnitida L.). Also, the results showed that the ratios of many taxonomic units were not ideal and also it was noticed the irregular distribution of individuals between the types found in the street, which caused distortion of the beauty of the street and underestimated the importance of the vegetation growth in the street. Findings showed a decrease in the value of the ideal of the four used botanic species, where (Washingtonia filifera H.) 7.17/10 and (Eucalyptusro strata Schlecht.) 7.2/10 and (Ficusnitida L.) 7.23/10, while the idealism degree of (Melia azedarach L.) was somewhat better 7.67/10  .

Key words: Street trees, Idealism degree, Latakia, Syria.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF