Fatema abdelrahman*(1) Abdulgani Khorshid(2) Badralden Jalab(1) Mustafa mazen Otri(1)

(1). The Center for Scientific Agricultural Research in Aleppo, the General Authority for Scientific Agricultural Research, Damascus, Syria..

(2). Department of Soil Sciences, College of Agriculture, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria.

(For correspondence: Dr. Fatema Mustafa Addulrahman. Email: heviardam5@gmail. com).

Received:3-9-2020 Accepted:6-10-2020

Abstract

The experiment was carried out at Hamima Research Station, Aleppo Research Center during the season 2019/2020 with the aim of studying the effect of adding different levels of nitrogen on the growth and productivity of irrigated wheat (Cham 7), and the experiment parameters were as follow: N0: without addition, N1: 70, N2: 105, N3: 140, N4: 175, N5: 210 and N6: 245 kg N/hiktar. The experiment was designed in a randomized complete block design with three operations for each treatment, and the results showed an increase in the rate of vegetative traits (spike, plant and spike bearer length and flag leaf area) with an increase in the rate of added fertilizer by 16% for plant length, 22.67% for spike length, 23.02% for spike bearer length, and 34.65% for flag leaf area compared to the control. The treatment N6 gave the highest value in all studied characteristics, and it outperformed the control treatment, but in terms of productive characteristics, the superiority of treatment N5, which gave the highest values, outperformed all treatments, expect for straw weight, where N6 surpassed the other treatments. N5 gave the highest grain yield (8366 kg/ hectare), where the increase rate was 49.72% compared with the control (4192 kg/ha), and the value of the harvest index decreased when the rate of added fertilizer increased.

Key words: Nitrogen Fertilization, Wheat, cv. Cham 7, Vegetative traits, Productivity traits.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Bassam Al Atalah*(1), Jwad Sharaf (1), Safwan Abu Assaf (1), Remal Saab (1), Ali Alhwarin (1), Samer Kiwan(1), Wassim Mohsen (1)and Awad Alflah (1)

(1). Sweida Research Center/ General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR)/ Syria.

Abstract

This study was conducted at Ira Research Station/ Sweida Research Center/ General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research/ Syria during 2019 and 2020. The aim of the current study was determining the possibility of pelletizing heating cylinders from the pruning residues of apple trees, and using them as a source of heating at houses, in addition to determining the properties of the final product. Cylinders were prepared starting from pruning residues after they were cut and mixed with several bond materials (starch, gypsum, glue) at different ratios (5 and 10% for gypsum and glue, 2, 5 and 10% for starch), and finally they were compressed by a hydraulic compressing machine. In addition, several tests were conducted, including compaction, transportation and combustion tests. Statistical descriptive analytical approach was used in this study, in addition to ANOVA analysis to compare means. The results revealed that the general mean for the weight of one cylinder was 471.25 g, and for the size was 1741.41 cm3. In addition, starch treatments were the best for the compaction test, especially 10% starch treatment that registered as an excellent compaction degree. On the contrary, starch treatments lost the greatest weight after transportation test compared to other treatments. As for combustion test, no differences were noticed among all treatments. In general, the mean temperature before starting the combustion test was registered as 12.38 °C, whereas the mean time for reaching 18° C was 11 min, and the maximum temperature reached was 21.25° C. The mean time of dropping the temperature below 18° C was 29.5 min, and the general mean for combustion duration of three cylinders was 55 min. This study recommended pelletizing the pruning residues of fruit trees and other agricultural wastes, and using the resultant product as a heating source at houses.

Keywords: Pruning residues, Heating, Apple trees, Solid fuel, Pelletizing.

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Dalia, A. Khalouf(1) , Awad, M. Al-Aswad (1) and Goson, Al-Rajab Aga(2)

(1). Department of Ecology and Forestry, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Furat University, Deir Ezzor, Syria.

(2).Department of Ecology and Forestry, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Baath University, Homs, Syria

(Corresponding author: Awad, M. Aswad. E-Mail: dr.awadalaswad@gmail.com).

Received: 23/01/2020 Accepted: 26/02/2020

Abstract

The research was carried out at the nursery of the forestry of the Directorate of Agriculture in the Deir Ezzor Governorate, during the two growing seasons 2014 and 2019, to study the effect of several salinity levels on the growth and productivity of Atriplex leucoclada and Atriplex canescens. Randomized complete block design with four replicates was used. The seeds of the two species were planted in polyethylene bags filled with soil mixture with sand in a 2: 1 ratio. sodium chloride and sodium sulfate with five concentrations (Tap water, 3000, 6000, 12000 and 18000) mg / liter were used, growth and yield parameters were taken after six months of planting in both seasons. Results indicated that Atriplex leucoclada showed significant superiority over Atriplex canescens in all the studied parameters at both of the growing seasons. In general, it was noticed that there was a tendency decrease in all the studied characteristics with increasing the salinity level from the control toward the highest level of 18000 mg/liter. The interaction between plant species and saline type was affected significantly in the studied characteristics at the two studied seasons. Atriplex leucoclada with sodium sulfate was significantly superior on Atriplex canescens and recorded the highest values in plant height (35.00, 30.60 cm), fresh weight of the leaves/plant (23.65, 19.77 g) , dry weight of the leaves / plant (9.95, 8.70 g), fresh weight of the plant (31.30, 27.65 g) and dry weight of the plant (13.90, 12.63 g), in the first and the second seasons, respectively. All traits were affected by the interaction between the plant species and salt concentrations during the two studied seasons, Atriplex leucoclada with control treatment were recorded significant superiority of Atriplex canescens with all salt concentrations in the 2014 season, and the highest values were recorded in plant height (38.25 cm). While in the 2019 season, Atriplex leucoclada with control treatment were superior on Atriplex canescens and recorded the highest values in plant height (33.56 cm), number of branches / plant (7.44 branches), fresh weight and dry weight of the plant (35.06, 13.75 g), respectively).

Keyword: Sodium chloride, Sodium sulfate, Salinity levels, Atriplex leucoclada, Atriplex canescens, Growth and productivity.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Taher Cheikho*(1) and Ahmed Zalita(2) and Linda Droobi

(1). Department of Forestry and Environment, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(2). Natural Resources Administration (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria.

(3). Scientific Agricultural Research Center, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: E. Linda Droobi. E-mail: linda.droobi@yahoo.com).

Received:17-5-2020 Accepted:18-7-2020

Abstract

A field experiment was carried out at the Samandeel site which belongs to Stkheres Research Station – Scientific Agricultural Research Center in Lattakia during the 2017/2018 rainy season, to study the effect of the space between contour stone bunds on runoff and soil moisture content. For this purpose, three stone bunds with a spacing of 10, 20 and 30 m were constructed along the contour lines. Three runoff plots were established, each was 5 m wide, with variable lengths of 10, 20 and 30 m, resulting in plot catchment areas of 50, 100 and 150 m2, respectively. The results were compared with the control treatment without stones bunds. The results showed an increase in harvested runoff volumes with increasing space between the stone bunds, their mean values were 6, 9.9 and 12.9 m3 for spacing 10, 20 and 30 m, respectively, but this increase was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Soil moisture content was increased with increasing distance from the stone bunds, their mean values were 24.5, 26.8 and 29.7% for spacing 10, 20 and 30 m, respectively. Significant differences (P  0.05) between soil moisture content of both 10 and 30 m spacing were found. In contrast to the bunds treatments, a decrease in soil moisture content with increasing slope length were recorded at control area, their mean values were 14.1, 13.2 and 12.8% for spacing 10, 20 and 30 m, respectively. By comparing the mean values of soil moisture content of bunds and control treatments for all studied spacing, high significant differences (P  0.001) were found. These findings confirmed the effective role of contour stone bunds in reducing runoff, enhancing water infiltration into the soil and improving water availability during the growing season, thereby protecting crops and trees from dry periods.

Key words: Water harvesting, Contour stone bunds, Runoff, Soil water content, Samandeel- Lattakia.

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*(1) Abd AL-Hakeem AL-kasha

*(1)Department of Agronomy, faculty of a(1) Deir Ezzor, Syria.

(*Corresponding author:Abd AL-Hakeem AL-kasham .Email: dr.akasham @gmail.com)

Received:17-1-2020 Accepted:12-3-2020

Abstract

The study was conducted at AL-Husseinia village, north Deir Ezzor governorate, during 2018/2019 growing season, to determining the effect of different levels of organic fertilizer on growth and yield of chickpea. Four rates of organic sheep manure (0,5,15 and 25) ton/ha were used. Results showed that organic manure has accelerated seedlings emergence and plants flowering, where the least period to germination and flowering was at the rates of adding 15 and 25 ton/ha, without significance differences between these rates. The highest values of plant height and number of main branches/plants were achieved when adding organic fertilizer at rates of 15 and 25 ton/ha, and all treatments of organic fertilizer surpassed significantly the control treatment (0 ton/ha). The rate 15 ton/ha gave the highest values of number of pods/plant and 100- seed weight, followed by the rates 5 and 25 ton/ha organic fertilizer, without significance differences between the rates 5 and 25 ton/ha. All fertilization rates significantly surpassed the control treatment in plant dry weight at harvest, and the highest values of this trait were in fertilization rates of (15 and 25) ton/ha,

which gave statistically equal values for plant dry weight. Plants that grown at the addition rate of 15 ton/ha of organic sheep manure gave the highest seed yield and harvest index, (2817 kg/ha and 43.87%), respectively.

Keywords: Chickpea, Organic fertilizer, Growth traits, Yield traits.

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Ali jouhra* 1 Mona Barakat1 Mohamad AL- Abed2 . Ezaldeen Hasan 3

(1) Department of Soil and Water Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University.

(2) General Authority for Remote Sensing, Damascus, Syria.

(3) Department of Water and Irrigation Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Tishreen University.

Received: 25/11/2019 Accepted:27/1/2020

Abstract

This research aimed to study the vegetation cover changes at AL-A brash Basin River using Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and remote sensing (RS) as well as to estimate plant factor(C) depending on NDVI for the year 2018. satellite images were used for the studied area, these images were captured by Landsat 8 OLI (Operational Land Imager) which was taken on October in (2013-2014-2015-2016-2017-2018). as well as images were taken in 2018 that representing (January, April, November). The results showed that vegetation cover was the best in 2015 with high NDVI value of 0.59, while the vegetation cover in 2016 began to deteriorate and then this deterioration later increased in 2017as that value of NDVI reached 0.48. The seasonal changes that affected on vegetation cover in 2018, showed that NDVI value in spring reached to 0.56 which is higher than it in Autumn and winter, the reason is due to the herbal cover which is completed in spring. For the vegetation factor C calculated based on the NDVI index for 2018, its value ranged between (0.24-1.23), as its value decreases in areas with good vegetation coverage. Finally, this study can be an instrument for understanding the behavior of NDVI and its temporal and spatial changes; which may help using it more precisely in many studies. \

Keywords: Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Geographic Information System (GIS), Vegetation factor (C), Landsat 8 images, AL-A brash Basin River (Tartous), Syria.

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Wadie Khoury(1)

(1). Departement of renewable natural resources and ecology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria.

(*Corresponding author:Wadie Khoury. E. Mail1: wlikho@live.com.au.)

Received: 17/11/2019 Accepted: 23/2/2020

Abstract

The development and optimal use of water basins is one of the successful solutions to improve the water status in the water basins.Selqin Basin, which is a part of the Northern Orontes Basin, was selected with the aim of locating and designing a dam in order to improve the management of water resources and to achieve basin sustainable development. Topographic maps, slope maps, climate data for the hydrological years (1977-1978) and (2011-2012) were used for this purpose. The GeoMedia professional 6.1 and Excel programs were used to determine the best location of the dam. The results showed that the best location for the construction of the dam is about 4.5 km west of the city of Salqin, and by studying the relationship among the potential height of the dam body and both of the lake surface and its length and the distance between the two sides of the valley, depending on the average rainfall and the great intensity of the rainstorms, the size of the dam lake was determined with 1.7 million cubic meters filled within one year, on this basis the dimensions were 16.98 meters high, 6.8 meters top wide, 23.8 meters base width, in addition to the length of the dam body at the top was 251.6 meters. Keywords: Salqin Basin, Water Harvesting, Dam location, GeoMedia Professional 6.1.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Shaza Ahmad Asaad* (1)

(1). Academic assistant, Department of Agricultural Mechanization, – Faculty of Technical engineering, Tartous University, Syria

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Shaza Asaad. E.mail: Shazaasaad44@ gmail.com.).

Received: 25/10/2020 Accepted: 29/9/2020

Abstract

This study was carried out on clay soil in Yahmoor, Tartous city, on potato (cv. spunta) during (2017 and 2018) to investigate the effect of tillage type and depths on some hydro-physical soil properties included (water infiltration rate, moisture content) and on productivity of potato plant. Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) arranged according to split-plot with three replicates was used. The field was divided into two main plots represented the types of tillage :(Moldboard plow MP and Chisel plow CP). The main plot was divided into three secondary plots which represented tillage depths included: D1(0-10) cm, D2(10-15) cm and D3(15-25) cm. The results showed that mold board plow increased significantly water infiltration rate (15.36, 10.41 mm/hour) after month and four months of tillage compared to the chisel plow, while chisel plow increased moisture content (19.39, 16.83%) after month and four months of tillage compared to mold board plow. D1 and D2 significantly increased water infiltration rate compared to D3 which significantly increased moisture content compared to D1 and D2. The results showed as well, that all tillage treatments increased productivity of potato plant. Inversion tillage with moldboard plow at D2 and D3 depths increased significantly potato yield (4358.83,4419.22 kg/donom) of potato tubers with tow treatments respectively.

Key word: Mold board plow, Chisel plow, Depth, Water infiltration rate, Moisture content, Potato productivity.

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Mouzahem Mohammad ALDahoul (1)* Samir Mohammad Tabbache (1), Bahaa Ahmad ALRahban (2) and GhassanAbdalrhman Al-Lahham (2)

(1). Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria

(2). Administration of Plant Protection Researches, GCSAR, Damascus, Syria

(*Corresponding author: Mouzahem Al-Dahoul. E-Mail: m.dahool1975@gmail.com ).

Received: 20/11/2019 Accepted: 26/01/2020

Abstract

The experiment was carried out with the split plots design, with three replications, at the Agricultural Scientific Research Center in Salamieh (Syria), during the growing season 2018/2019, with the aim of studying the effect of three sowing rates of lentil CV. Idlib 3 (250, 300, 350) seed/1 m2, and three rates from herbicides mixture (Haloxyfop-ethoxyethyl ester + Aclonifen) (26 + 600, 52 + 900, 78 + 1200) g a.i/Hectare at post-planting treatment, in addition to hand weeding twice after 60, 90 days of cultivation and weedy control, in controlling Wild mustard (Sinapis alba L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and its reflection on the productive and qualitative lentil crop characteristics.The results showed that the sowing rate of 300 seed/1 m2 gave the highest control efficiency, and reached 75.23% according to the green weight of weeds, the highest values for the height of lentil plants and the number of nitrogen nodes, and the highest productivity of lentil from hay and seeds, and recorded 13.13 cm, 10.22 node, 323.2 kg/dunum , 175.13 kg/dunum, respectively, and with significant differences compared to rates 250 and 350 seed/1 m2. The hand weeding treatment at the sowing rate of 300 seed/1 m2 gave the best results compared to the rest of the treatments, where it recorded the height of 32.67 cm for lentil plants, 10.89 nitrogen nodes, 33.49% protein content, and yielded 495, 280 kg/dunum of hay and seeds, and then came after treatment at the highest rate of the mixture of herbicides used at the second seed rate as well. The use of the highest rate of the herbicides mixture caused light phytotoxicity to the lentil plants at the beginning, but melted rapidly. Keyword: Sowing rate, Aclonifen, Haloxyfop-ethoxyethyl ester, Wild mustard, Barley, lentil.

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Sarood Samal Shawkat(1) Salwan Mahmood Abdulateef(2) Mohammed Ala Al-Bayar(2) and Zhina Abbas Mohammed(1)

(1). Animal Science department, College of Engineering Agriculture Sciences, University of Sulaimani, Iraq.

(2). Department of Animal Production, College of Agricultural, University of Anbar, Iraq

(Corresponding author: Sarood Shawkat . E-Mail: sarood.shawkat@univsul.edu.iq).

Abstract

This study carried at the Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University Sulaimani / Kurdistan Region Iraq, from 20/9/2019 to 20/11/2019. Aimed to study the effect of different feed withdrawal periods on broiler blood and immune system function. In this study, 280 of fourteen days old “Ross 308” broilers used. Chickens randomly allocated to 4 treatments, 5 replicates for each, 14 chicks per replicate. Chickens fed a balanced diet containing all nutrients as Ross 308 broiler feeding guide. Feed was withdrawn at different times, T1= Control group (adlibitum feed), T2= Remove food for 6 hours, T3= Remove for 9 hours and T4= Remove food for 12 hours. In 42-day-old bursa of Fabricius, Pancreases, Spleen percentage weights measured. HB, PCV %, RBC, WBC, Heterophil %, Eosinophil %, Basophil %, Lymphocytes, Monocytes and (H/L Ratio) also measured in this study. Results show a significant decreasing (p ≥0.05) in females RBC for T2 and T3 compared with a control group, a significant increase (p ≥0.05) in heterophil percentage (%) for T3 male group compared with control group (T1).

Keywords: broiler chicken, blood measurements, feed restrictio

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