Rehab Esber⁽¹⁾, Ziad Chikh-Khamis⁽¹⁾ and Ebraheem Al-Jouri^*(2)

(1). Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Baath University, Homs, Syria.

(2). Insect Research Department, Plant Protection Research Administration, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Ebraheem Al-Jouri. E-mail: e-jouri@gcsar.gov.sy;                                                                                                                        ejouri73@gmail.com).

Received: 21/11/2017                                Accepted: 07/02/2018

Abstract

Ash toxicity of burning pruning residues of three plant species i.e. apple, grape and olive was tested against adults of cowpea seed beetle Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera, Bruchidae) using the following concentrations: (5, 10, 20, 40 and 80) g/kg of cowpea seed. The study was carried out in incubator at fixed temperature and humidity at Biotechnology Research Center, Al-baath University. Readings were taken after (24, 48 and 72) h of treatment, and corrected mortality rates were calculated and values of LC₅₀, LC₉₀, LT₅₀ and LT₉₀. Results showed that mean of corrected mortality rate after 24 hours was (18.47, 36.45, 44.60, 49.64, 53.71) % at concentrations of (5, 10, 20, 40 and 80) g/kg respectively with significant difference (P≥0.01), and (45.04, 40.29 and 36.40)% for apple, grape and olive ashes, respectively with significant difference. The values of LC₅₀ and LC₉₀ were (1.251 and 11.520) g/kg for apple ash, (2.154 and 12.490) g/kg for grape ash and (2.631 and 18.492) g/kg for olive ash after 48h. The values of LT₅₀ and LT₉₀ were (22.941 and 35.262) h for apple ash, (24.377 and 37.306) h for grape ash and (26.305 and 40.242) h for olive ash when the concentration 40 g/kg. As a result, apple ash showed higher toxicity and minimal mortality time.

Key words: Toxicity, Ash, Pruning residue, Apple, Grape, Olive, Cowpea seed beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF