Tofek Othman ^*(1) and Omiema Nasser ⁽¹⁾

(1) Department of Environmental Prevention, Higher Institute for Environmental Research, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.
(*Corresponding author: Tofek Othman. E-Mail: tofek.osman@gmail.com).

Received: 18/04/2021              Accepted: 3/10/2021

Abstract: 

This study aimed to isolate bacteria which is active during the anaerobic fermentation of poultry droppings (PD) which was collected during year (2018) from the layers farm (Al-jremkia) site which affiliated to Agriculture Directorate in Lattakia. (4) isolates were characterized using morphological and culture characteristics, and biochemical tests. These isolates were classified as follows: Pseudomonas oleovornas, Bacillus badius, Staphylococus aureus, and Methanobacterium sp. Then they were multiplied and stored as a pure starter. Two treatments from poultry droppings were prepared and each one was repeated (9) times. The first treatment was fermented without the addition of the starter (T1), while the starter was added to the second treatment. The results showed that treatment (T2) was significantly superior to treatment (T1) in the amount of biogas produced, as this amount reached (608.96) ml and (167.85) ml during a period of twenty-three days, respectively.
Keywords: poultry droppings, bacteria, starter, anaerobic fermentation.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Faten Karaman ^*(1), Yahya Kanaan ⁽²⁾, Wafaa Alshebli ⁽²⁾, Ayman Mustafa ⁽²⁾, khuzama Alabdullah⁽²⁾, Alice Alaamer ⁽²⁾ and Lana Alazrony ⁽³⁾

(1) Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Damascus University, Damascus, Syrian.
(2) General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Damascus. Syrian.
(3) Ministry of Agriculture, Rural Damascus Agriculture Directorate. Syrian.
(*Corresponding author: Faten Karaman, email: faten.karaman@gmail.com,)

Received: 3/05/2021         Accepted: 13/10/2021

Abstract:

In order to evaluate the effect of irrigation frequency and nitrogen fertilization on the percentage of anise seed oil and crop yield, The experiment was conducted at Taiba Research Station of the Research Center in Damascus Countryside during two seasons 2015 and 2016. The effect of two factors was studied: irrigation frequency (10, 14, 18) days according to the field capacity, and the nitrogen fertilization rate (0, 30, 40) kg/ha, (green up) 43% N2. Anise was used at seed rate (20.5) kg/ha, the results showed a clear effect For irrigation frequency over productivity, with a significant superiority in treatment (10) days of irrigation frequency, in which the highest productivity was (168.81) kg/ha, the differences were statistically significant for (14) days of irrigation frequency, with (30) kg/ha fertilizers, the most productive of anise, as well as (14) days of irrigation frequency rate is the best in oil percentage (3.64%) without the effect of nitrogen fertilization.
Key words: Anise, frequency of irrigation,  nitrogen fertilization,  rate of anise seed oil

Full paper in English: pdf

Evleen Farha ^*(1), Hassan Aladin ⁽¹⁾, Muhammad Manhal Alzoubi⁽²⁾, and Suzan Abdullah ⁽³⁾

(1) Department of Forestry and Environment, Faculty of Agriculture- Tishreen University, Latakia, Syria
(2) Natural Resources Research Department, General Commission for Scientific and Agricultural Research, Damascus
(3) Department of basic science- Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Latakia, Syria.
(*Corresponding author: Evleen Farha, E-Mail: evleenfarha@gmail.com,).

Received: 1/02/2021             Accepted: 3/10/2021

Abstract: 

The chemical composition of the leaves of about one-year Jatropha curcas L. was studied (one-week age of the young leaves and two months age of the large ones). The plants were cultivated in three different environmental conditions in the Tartous governorate. Results showed a higher percentage of major elements of potassium (K) and phosphorous (P) and a lower percentage of manganese (Mn) of micronutrient elements in the young leaves compared to large leaves. It was also noted that all leaves were free of zinc. The average leaf content (%) of nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium was (1.52/ 0.42/ 2.06), (1.55/ 0.28/1.88), (1.41/0.35/1.89) and iron, copper (mg/kg) was )76.03/137.28), (79.21/ 59.64), (83.62/ 98.94) at the Al-Thawra agricultural site, al-Qamsiyah and Sourani respectively. There were no significant differences in the content of the young leaves of the mineral elements among the three fields, while it appeared significant differences in the content of the large leaves of some mineral elements. The mean percentages of chlorophyll a, b, and carotene (μg / g) were 639.5, 377, and 33.4 respectively for large leaves and 677.1, 406.8, 34.8 respectively for young leaves.
Key Words: Jatropha curcas L., Leaves, Major Elements, Chlorophyll.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Marwa Rhban ^*(1), Badi Malakh ⁽¹⁾, and Hassan Obaid ⁽²⁾

(1) Department of Renewable Natural Resources and Environment, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syrian.
(2) Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Damascus University, Damascus, Syrian.
(*Corresponding author: Marwa Rhban, E-Mail: marwajo1995@gmail.com)

Received: 9/08/2021               Accepted: 3/10/2021

Abstract:

The research was carried out in the Abi Jarash farm at the Faculty of Agricultural Engineering at Damascus University during the year (2020). The experiment aimed to study the effect of the composition of the growth medium and the concentration of Hoagland’s solution on some growth indicators of rosemary plants. Rosemary cuttings were cultivated in five soil media (witness), peat moss, peat moss: volcanic pumice (1:1), peat moss: perlite (1:1), hydroponic, where deep flow technique was used for hydroponic culture (DFT) and stereo poor boxes were used. For the other media, plants were irrigated with Hoagland’s solution at two concentrations (0.5X, 1X). The experiment was designed according to randomized complete blocks. The mean peat moss gave the best results and values for the vegetative growth parameters. Where the average of plant height values increased when treatment peat moss by (50.65%) compared to the control (15.93), the two treatments peat moss, peat moss: Perlite achieved significant superiority over the rest of the treatments (without recording any differences between them) in the indicator number of leaves, which reached (108.33, 107.05). Respectively. While the results showed that the mixture peat moss: volcanic Pumice recorded the lowest values in the studied indicators compared to the rest of the media. The number of leaves and the number of vegetative branches increased by (46.53, 65.93%), respectively, compared to the control (73.93, 8.76). The hydroponics technique recorded a significant superiority in the length of the main rootstock, achieving an increase of (63.75) % compared to the rest of the treatments. The experiment showed a significant superiority of Hoagland solution at half concentration for all studied indicators (vegetative, root).
Key words: peat moss, mixture, deep flow technique, Hoagland solution, rosemary.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Suzanna Muhammad ^*(1), Mohamed Abd Elaziz⁽¹⁾, and Hala Muhammad ⁽¹⁾

(1) Crops Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.
(*Corresponding author: Suzanna Muhammad. Email: swzanam18@gmail.com)

Received: 1/06/2022              Accepted: 1/08/2022

Abstract:

The research was carried out during the agricultural season 2021-2022 in three different environmental areas in Tartous: Akkar Plain, Safita, and Sheikh Badr in terms of altitude above sea level (50, 270, and 600 m, respectively) in order to study some morphological, productive and qualitative characteristics of three different species. of the plant genus Plantago ssp, namely: (leaf length (cm), leaf width (cm), leaf neck length (cm), spike bearer length (cm), spike length (cm), spike weight(g), the weight of a thousand seeds (g), chlorophyll The total carotene is micrograms, gram-1, green matter, carbohydrate percentage, protein percentage) and thus forming an information base on which the farmer, consumer and researcher in breeding and genetic improvement programs for the studied plant species are based. Where (30) samples were identified in each of the three sites, each plant at a distance of 1-1.5 meters from the other, and then the development of these plants was monitored and monitored periodically at a rate of once a week in the various sites and in the stages of vegetative growth, flowering and maturity. A complete randomization design was adopted and The results showed a highly significant variance with statistical significance (P<001) for all the studied characteristics, at the level of one site and at the level of different sites with different altitudes (50-600 mm). SD values indicated that there are abnormal growths from the natural range of growth related to the average in all studied qualities, in terms of increase and decrease. The Sahel Akkar site was distinguished from the other two sites Safita and Sheikh Bader by Plantago lanceolate L. and Plantago major L. with the highest values in most of the morphological, productivity, and quality, and this indicates the appropriateness of the different environmental conditions for the growth of this species on this site, especially the height of the sea 50 m. ,heavy red soil,
Keywords: plantago SSP., height from sea surface, plantaginaceae, chlorophyll.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Shadi Faskha^*(1)

(1) Tartous Agriculture Research Center, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria.
(*Corresponding author: Dr. Shadi Faskha. Email: Shadifaskha5@gmail.com)

Received: 9/04/2021         Accepted: 27/09/2021

Abstract:

An Analysis study of the current agricultural practices implemented during 2018-2019 was conducted in citrus orchards in Tartous Governorate, Syria. Through a questionnaire for 370 farmers, the results obtained showed that 97.57% of farmers add organic fertilizers, and 71.35% of them carry out the pruning process. As for pests, citrus rust mites and Mediterranean fruit flies were the most important pests with 48.4% and 47.6% of the subjects, respectively. The results also showed that 68.6% of farmers use chemical control in their orchards, and 44.5% of them used broad-spectrum insecticides (abamectin, acetamprid, thiamethoxam, thiosyclam, dimethoate and deltamethrin) whereas 55.5% of them used (mineral oil, sulfur, and copper). The results showed that 89.5% of the farmers considered that the applied biological control program was successful. On the other hand, the obstacles facing the cultivation and production of citrus were: low prices, marketing problems, high production input prices, high transportation and fuel wages, and adverse environmental conditions 45.14%, 27.3%, 19.46%, 4.59% and 3.51% of survey respondents, respectively. However, farmer’s educational level played a positive role in some implemented practices.
Key words: Citrus, Agricultural practices, Farmer’s Knowledge.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Samira Alagouri⁽¹⁾, Nadia Alrwab⁽¹⁾, Hussien Amgawer⁽¹⁾, Mohamed Idris Alshelmani^(2)*, and Emtinan Azalden⁽¹⁾

(1) Department of Zoology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, University of Benghazi, Tocra Branch, Libya.

(2) Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Mohamed alshemani, E-mail mohammed.alshelmani@uob.edu.ly)

Received: 7/07/2021         Accepted: 29/09/2021

Abstract:

Hydatidosis/echinococcosis is parasitic disease caused by tapeworms of the genus Echinococcus (Echinococcus granulosus) and is considering as a serious problem in terms of general health or economy. The objective of current research was to show and summarize the available data on Hydatidosis in slaughter sheep in Tocra city. Samples were collected from different slaughter houses in the city, and the study was lasted from February to December, 2020. A total of 100 slaughtered sheep have been examined during the study period. Data were analyzed by chi square test. The results showed that infected sheep was 36% among the total animals (P=<0.0001). The infection was observed in the viscera, where the highest infection was 38.9%, 25%, 19.4% and 16.7% in the liver, lungs, intestine and heart, respectively. The infection in the liver was significantly (P=0.002) higher than lungs, and was significantly (P=0.01) higher in small intestine than that of heart.
Key words: Echinococcus granulosus , Hydatidosis, Echinococcosis, Tocra , prevalence.

Full paper in English: pdf

Dhafar Dh. Al- Khion* ⁽¹⁾, Hamid T. Al– Saad ⁽¹⁾ , Abdulaziz M.Abdullah ⁽¹⁾

(1) Marine science center , University of Basrah , Iraq .
(*Corresponding author: Dhafar khion, E-mail: dhifar.habeeb@uobasrah.edu.iq).

Received: 28/01/2022            Accepted: 27/06/2022

Abstract:

This study was conducted in Iraqi marine waters, It include 10 species of fishes and two species of shrimps ,sample were collected extent to ( 18 ) month in the period of May, 2010 to September, 2011 . The concentration of total petroleum hydrocarbon were determined spectroflourometrically and the mean concentration of total petroleum hydrocarbons in fish samples were in Otolithesruber muscles varied between ( 1.44 ) μg/gd.w. in September 2011 and ( 31.15 ) μg/gd.w. in July 2010 and in Johnieopssina muscles between ( 4.14 ) μg/gd.w. in January 2011 and (38.69) μg/gd.w. in May 2010 and in Tenualosailisha muscles between ( 1.72 ) μg/gd.w. in May 2011 and ( 54.46 ) μg/gd.w. in May 2010 and in Nematalosanasus muscles between ( 3.28 ) μg/gd.w. in January 2011 and ( 30.01 ) μg/gd.w. in July 2010 and in Synapturaorientalis muscles concentrations varied between ( 4.06 ) μg/gd.w. in May 2011 and  ( 37.11 ) μg/gd.w. in July 2011 and in Alepesmelanoptera muscles between (7.33) μg/gd.w. in November 2010 and (31.58) μg/gd.w. in May 2010 and in Scomberomoruscommerson muscles concentrations varied between ( 0.23 ) μg/gd.w. in January 2011 and ( 31.72 ) μg/gd.w. in May 2010 and in Chirocentrusnudus muscles between ( 6.34 ) μg/gd.w. in November 2010 and ( 35.65 ) μg/gd.w. in May 2011. and in Pampus argenteusmuscles concentrations varied between ( 10.82 ) μg/gd.w. in September2011 and (31.22) μg/gd.w. in July 2011 and in Liza subviridis muscles between (2.29 ) μg/gd.w. in January 2011 and ( 31.01 ) μg/gd.w. in July 2010 . and in Acanthopagrus latus muscles concentrations variedbetween (1.29 ) μg/gd.w. in May 2011 and ( 29.02 ) μg/gd.w. in July 2010 . In shrimpMetapenaeusaffinis concentrations variedbetween ( 9.11 ) μg/gd.w. in January 2011 and ( 21.06 ) μg/gd.w. in July 2011 and in shrimpThenusorientalis between ( 3.57 ) μg/gd.w. in January 2011 and ( 36.26 ) μg/gd.w. in July 2010 . The present study T. ilisha was occur high ability to accumulate hydrocarbons in muscles compared with other fishes.
Keyword: Hydrocarbons, fishes, shrimps, spectroflourometrically, Tenualosailisha.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Ahmed A. Al-Salhi ⁽¹⁾ *, Sabah M. Al-Shatty⁽²⁾, and Eman A.Al-Imara⁽³⁾

(1)  Depart. of Animal Production, College of Agriculture and Marshes- University of Thi-Qar -Iraq.

(2)  Depart. of Food Sciences, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, Iraq.

(3) Depart. of Biotic Evolution – Marine Science Center, University of Basrah, Iraq.

(*Corresponding author:   Dr.Ahmed Ali Kadhem Al-Salhi, E-mail: ahmed.a.k.alsalhi@gmail.com).

Received: 10/06/2022         Accepted: 6/08/2022

Abstract:

This study was conducted in the laying hens’ field belonging to the Department of Animal Production at the College of Agriculture at Basrah University from 27/12/2020 to 21/2/2021. It was carried out on 90 laying hens of the Lohmann Brown at 45 weeks. Randomly distributed to five treatments. Each treatment has three replicates, with six chickens per replicate. The treatments included, T1: Negative control treatment (basal diet without addition), T2: Positive control treatment, and the addition of dried skim milk at a level of (1gm / kg of feed). T3, T4, T5: add the manufactured bacterial preparation at a level of (0.5, 1, and 2 g/kg feed), respectively; To study the effect of the manufactured bacterial preparation in reducing the rates of contamination caused by laying hens. The results indicated that there was a significant decrease (P≤0.05) in the feces rate and logarithmic indicators of coliform bacteria, with a significant increase (P≤0.05) in the numbers of lactic acid bacteria in favor of the processed bacterial culture treatments compared to the two control treatments.

Keywords: Laying Hens Feces, Lactic Acid Bacteria, Coliform Bacteria.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Asaad Al – Hilphy⁽¹⁾, Sabah Al – Shatty⁽¹⁾*, and Atheer Al – Mtury ⁽¹⁾

(1) Department of Food Science, Collage of Agriculture, University of Basrah, Basrah-Iraq.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Sabah M. H. Al – Shatty. E-Mail: sabahalshatty@gmail.com).

Received: 3/08/2021            Accepted: 3/10/2021

Abstract:

The research aimed to determine the physical properties of Common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) oil extracted by an infrared device and locally manufactured and to improve its properties by determining the optimal conditions for extraction and obtaining mathematical models that describe them accurately. These physical characteristics included the refractive index, density, specific gravity and viscosity. The results showed that the lowest and predicted practical values for the above characteristics were 1.4565, 1.4661, 0.892, 0.89, 0.78, 0.78, 2.99 and 3.25, respectively. The results of the statistical analysis showed the presence of a significant effect (P <0.05) of temperature, power, distance and interference between them. The results showed that the ideal conditions for improving the physical properties of infrared fish waste oil are: temperature 66.14 ° C, power 215.94 W, and distance 20.02 cm.
Keywords: Carp (Cyprinus carpio) viscera, Infrared radiation , Density, Viscosity and refractive index.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf