Fatima ALBarram^(1)*, Maisaa Kakeh⁽¹⁾, Kheir Eddine KURDI⁽²⁾, and Muhammad Zain Alddin⁽³⁾

(1). Dept. of Renewable Natural Resources and Environment, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria.

(2). Dept. of Engineering Materials Science, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria.

(3). Aleppo Chamber of Industry, Ministry of Industry, Aleppo, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Fatima ALBarram, E. mail:alibarram20181992@gmail.com)

Received:  7/04/2021     Accepted:4/11/2021

Abstract: 

The paper pulp industry is one of the important industries that depend on wood as raw material, as it does not need large logs, beside of the scarcity of forest areas in our country and its further deterioration, The research aim was to make paper pulp from brunches of  Pinus and Eucalyptus trees resulting from the pruning process, in addition, to make paper paste mixture of both types of wood using the chemical Kraft method to extract the cellulosic fibers, where the cooking process was carried out using an autoclave at a pressure of 7-8 kg / cm² for a period of 3 Hours, and the three doughs were tested (dough yield, density, soluble solids percentage, Kappa figure). A paper was made from paper pulp by sedimentation method and then the resulting papers were tested (moisture content, grammage, tensile strength, burst strength), and raw gelatin was added to each of the protein pine paste and eucalyptus paste, and then the resulting paper was tested and compared with the paper without adding gelatin, The results showed that the paper produced from the mixture of pine nuts and eucalyptus was superior to the paper manufactured from each of them separately, with the average tensile strength of 16.32 kN / m, while the average blast strength was 0.85 kg / cm², The paper manufactured from eucalyptus and raw gelatin surpassed the paper manufactured without adding gelatin, as the average tensile strength was 18.11 kN / m, and the average burst strength was 0.85 kg / cm², in addition to the Kappa number test, the highest value for it was in the protein paste of pine nuts, which was 5.72, These results show that the manufacture of paper pulp by mixing proportions of Pinus brutia (long fibers) with Eucalyptus camaldulensis (short fibers) and then adding gelatin, gives the best types of paper according to our experience and according to the properties tested.

Key words: Paper, Pulp, Kappa number, Kraft, Total soluble solids ratio.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Mohamad Al -Ahmad^(1)*, Najwa Muslmani ⁽¹⁾, Imad aldeen ALKhalaf ⁽¹⁾, and Aya kanawaty⁽¹⁾

(1) Dept. of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Mohamad Al-Ahmad E-Mail: mo.alahmad93@gmail.com).

Received:27/07/ 2021          Acceptance: 9/10/ 2021

Abstract: 

Air pollution with gases is one of the biggest challenges facing the world at the present time, as it threat life in all its plant and animal forms, The research was carried out to study the response of the morphological and physiological characteristics of sunflower plants when exposed to SO₂ and NO₂ gases individually and together. The experiment was factorial, as it was carried out in a random sector manner. The first factor was the type of gas with three treatments SO₂, NO₂, SO₂ + NO₂, and the second factor was the number of days of exposure to gases, which was four treatments. Sunflower plants at the age of 4 weeks were exposed to SO₂ alone with a concentration of (0.5) ppm and SO₂ alone. NO₂ alone at a concentration of (0.5) ppm and for a mixture of the two gases together for two hours daily. The first treatment was within four days, the second was eight days, the third was 12 days, and the fourth was 16 days. At the end of the 16-day experiment, the vegetative growth indicators of sunflower plants were calculated, represented by the height of the plant, the length of the root system, the wet weight of the vegetative and root groups, and the area of plant leaves. The chlorophyll content and carotene content, soluble sugars and proline concentrations were also measured. The results showed the similarity of the effect of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide, individually and collectively, on the decrease in the chemical and biological morphological vegetative growth indicators compared with control, where the average of plant height and root length when treated with SO₂ gas ranged between (6.8-13.05) cm and (9.23-16.2) cm consecutively, A gradual significant increase with time compared with the control was observed for the vegetative and root wet weights respectively, where the values ranged between (3.83-2.33) g and (1.32-0.33) g, and the value of total chlorophyll and soluble sugars in plants treated with SO₂ gas decreased from 9.24 mg/g in control plants to 2.33 mg/g, and from 103.52 to 86.3 mg/g soluble sugars, The value of proline increased in plants treated with SO₂ gas to reach 2.76 μl/g compared with the control (0.71 μl/g), and no significant differences were recorded for the leaf area index between the different treatments and the control (15.35-12.91) cm².

Key words: sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, growth parameters, sunflower.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Saud shehab^(1)*, Thamer Alhenish⁽¹⁾, Khakid Esmaeel⁽²⁾, Razan Al Njar⁽¹⁾, Ryad Baleesh⁽¹⁾ and Mohamed Ali⁽¹⁾

(1) Crops Research Administration, GCSAR, Damascus, Syria.

(2) Homs Research Center, GCSAR, Homs, Syria. 

(*Corresponding author: Dr.Saud Shehab E-Mail: saudshehab@gmail.com).

Received: 29/06/ 2021          Acceptance: 4/11/ 2021

Abstract: 

The experiment in Qarahta Research Station – GCSAR in 2019. The objective was to determine the best date for planting the panicum crop and compare wet and dry green yield with millet and some qualitative traits.  The experiment was laid according to a split plot design with two replications, wet and dry green yields, and protein, Carbohydrates, fibers, and fats percentages were studied. The Results showed the superiority of the second sowing date (15 April) at 1^st and 3^rd sowing dates in the wet and dry green yields with values (26.92 , 6.62 t/h) respectively, also the panicum crop showed the superiority at millet crop in the wet and dry green yields with values (26.80 , 6.66 t/h) respectively. While the first cutting showed superiority at other cutting in the wet and dry green yields with values (34.89 , 8.67 t/h) ) respectively, while millet had the highest protein and carbohydrates percentage (15.4, 42.89) respectively, while the panicum had the highest fat percentage (1.746 %). The panicum crop is recommended to plant on 15 April to produce a high amount of wet and dry green yields.

Keywords: Panicum, Millet, Green yield, Qualitative characteristics, Nutrition content.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Amani Alhaiji^(1)*

(1) Crops Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Damascus University, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Amani Alhaiji E-Mail: ahmadnjm126@gmail.com).

Received: 18/08/ 2021          Acceptance: 18/11/ 2021

Abstract: 

A field experiment was conducted in Abe Jarash Farm at the Faculty of agriculture affiliated with the University of Damascus, during the growing seasons (2020/2021), in order to evaluate the response of four barley cultivars (Arabic white, Arabic black, Furat-3, Furat-6) for the fertilizer in four different levels of nitrogen fertilizer (T1:without fertilizing،T2: N80،T3: N100،T4: N120) kg.h^-1depending on some Morphological and Productivity Traits associated with improving the grain yield. The experiment was carried out according to split plots design in three replicates. The results showed significant differences among mean values of studied parameters, where barley cultivar Furat-6 recorded significantly highest mean values under  level of fertilizer N120 kg.h^-1 , In leave area index , number of spikes / plant ,weight grains / plant, number of grains/plant , and grain yield (5.65, 12.56 spikes.plant^-1,9.25  g, 194.5grains.plant^-1,  3450kg.h^-1 respectively) as compared to barley cultivar  Arabic black which recorded lowest mean values under zero fertilizer level (2.06, 3.62 spikes.plant^-1, 2.50g, 52.50 grains/plant^-1, 2750 kg.h^-1 respectively). study indicates the importance of using mineral fertilizers at an average rate (N120 kg.h^-1) and (N100 kg.h^-1)  in order to improve the productivity of barley crops under  Damascus city conditions.

Keywords: barley, cultivar, fertilizer, Yield.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Qusay Al-Hamadany^(1)*, Abd Alkareem Yesser⁽¹⁾,and Shaymaa AAl-Jumaiee⁽¹⁾

Dep. of Marine vertebrates, Marine Science Center, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq.

(*Corresponding author:. Qusay Al-Hamadany E-Mail: qusayhamid@yahoo.com).

Received: 28/05/ 2022          Acceptance: 20/07/ 2022

Abstract: 

As natural fish stocks have declined and food demand has increased, the importance of the aquaculture sector has grown, particularly for animal protein, which has become an important component of the aquaculture sector. The most expensive component of aquaculture is fish feeding, which accounts for more than 60% of total production costs. A 60-day laboratory study was conducted to compare three types of commercial fish feed. The first feed was locally related to the College of Agriculture – at the University of Basra and assigned the code (T1), the second was imported from the Al-Tayseer Company (Jordan) and assigned the code (T2), and the third feed was imported from the Iranian Kimia grand Company and assigned the code (T3) to determine the extent to which it meets the nutritional requirements and growth performance of Nile tilapia fingerlings Oreochromis niloticus. The chemical composition of the three commercial fish feeds revealed differences in protein content, with the T2 feed having the highest protein content. The statistical analysis revealed significant (P ≤0.05) differences in growth performance in Nile tilapia fed on the three commercial feeds. T2 produced higher final weight, relative, and specific growth rates. T2 had the highest food conversion ratio of 1.6.  The three-feed physical tests revealed that the T3 (1.02 g/cm3) had a lower specific density than the T1 (1.95 g/cm3) and T2 (1.48 g/cm3). With the longest floating period of 75 minutes. The T2 feed had the highest water stability (90.38 minutes), while the T3 feed had the lowest (70.16 minutes). The study found that the T2 feed encourages better growth performance in Nile tilapia fish than in other tested feeds.

  Keywords: commercial diets, physical properties, Oreochromis niloticus, growth performance, chemical composition.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Allaa Abed Al-Razak Al-Haj* (1)

(1). Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Allaa Al-Haj . E-Mail: allaapcr7@gmail.com).

Received: 17/01/ 2021          Acceptance: 23/10/ 2021

Abstract: 

This study was conducted at the Animal House Research Center at the University of Aleppo, on a flock of  Inbred local quail (200 birds), consisted of four color groups (white, cream, striped and black) in 2019, to estimate genetic parameters of egg production and quality traits (Heritability, Genetic Correlation, Repeatability, Genetic response). Results showed that the heritability values ​​for some traits were close to the values ​​of heritability recorded for international standard strains, and the highest value recorded for the number of eggs was in black quail (0.71). The genetic correlations of some egg quality traits were positive and others were negative. As for Repeatability, it was found that its values were relatively less than the values recorded in previous studies. As for the estimates of Genetic response for some traits, they were positive for some traits and negative for others, due to inbreeding.

Keywords: local quail, inbreeding, Heritability, Genetic Correlation, Repeatability, Genetic response.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Ranim Othman* ⁽¹⁾, Mohamad Galiya⁽¹⁾, and Zohair Almajed  ⁽¹⁾

(1). Faculty of Science, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.  

(*Corresponding author: Ranim Othman. E-Mail: ranim.mr.othman@gmail.com).

Received: 24/09/ 2021          Acceptance: 9/11/ 2021

Abstract: 

The research aims to study the reproductive biology(Sex Determination, Sexual Maturity, Fertility, Reproductive period) of the Trachurus trachurus fish caught from the Syrian marine water using local fishing methods ( gill nets, purse seines), and their total number is 401 individuals. The results of the research showed that the total fertility of mature females of the  Trachurus trachurus fish amounted to 110208/ eggs in the Ras Albasit area and 94535/ eggs in the Burj Islam area, with lengths ranging from 16.2 – 22.2 cm. The results of the study of changes in the values of the Sexual maturity coefficient (GSA%) indicated that the sexual cycle lasts for a whole year, but the laying of eggs occurred in the form of batches. The peak value of the maturity coefficient was reached in the regions of Ras Al basit and Burj Islam during the month of May, and females lay their eggs for the first time when average lengths of 16.4 cm. The statistical study also showed that there were significant differences (p > 0,05) in the mean values of the liver weight index (HSI%) between females and males in both study areas.

Keywords: Reproductive biology, Fertility, Trachurus trachurus, Syrian marine water.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Wafaa Aboud*⁽¹⁾, Bashar Hayias⁽²⁾, Mahmoud  alhamdan⁽¹⁾

(1) Scientific center of Homs, General commission for scientific Agricultural Researches, Homs, Syria.

(2) Department of field crops, Faculty of Agriculture, AL Baath University, Homs, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Wafaa Aboud, E-Mail: wafaamah2019@gmail.com).            

Received: 8/08/ 2021.          Acceptance: 9/11/ 2021

Abstract: 

This research was carried out during the agricultural season 2019-2020 at the Agricultural Scientific Research Center in Homs at the Irrigation Research Station in Mokhtaria, in order to study the effect of Foliar application with elements of zinc(as sulphate of Zink 13%)  and boron(as borax fertilizer17%) separately or together in some growth indicators(length of plant, leaf’s area, number of pods on plant, weight of 100 seed, weight of seeds on plant and in the productivity of two varieties of soybeans(secondary factor), the promising variety Sb239 And the variety Ascrewe3803, spilt plot design with four treatments(main factor) was used as fallowing, spraying, zink and boron togther(B₂Zn₂), boron without Zink(B₂Zn₀), zink without boron(Zn₂B₀), and blank without boron and zink(B₀Zn₀), the treatments were added as concentration of 2g/liter, and the results showed, an increase in, the length of the plant, area of leaf, the number of pods, and significant increasing on some seed indicators, as a weight of 100 Seeds and weight of seeds on plant, at the two studied varieties in general and the highest percentage was when spraying the elements boron and zinc together, and the value of  increasing in all studied indicators at the variety Sb239 was bigger than it’s value at the variety Ascrewe3803, On the other hand, Soybean yield increased in the studied varieties Sb239 and Ascrewe3803 when spraying boron, zinc by all studied levels (Zn₂B₂, Zn₀B₂, Zn₂B₀), which significantly outperformed the blank (without spraying), Where the highest increase in productivity was when spraying the elements zinc and boron together which reached to (61%) at the variety Sb239 and (57%) at the variety Ascrewe3803, also the results showed, the response of the soybean variety Sb239 when spraying the elements boron and zinc at all studied levels (Zn₂B₂, Zn₀B₂, Zn₂B₀)greater than the Ascrewe3803 variety response at all studied growth indicators as well as in productivity estimated in kg / ha.

Keywords: Soybean, variety Sb239, variety Ascrewe3803, Borax, Sulphate of Zinc, Growth Indicators, Productivit.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Heba kadi *⁽¹⁾, Mahmoud Baghdadi ⁽¹⁾, and Zakaria Hassani ⁽¹⁾

(1). Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Heba kadi, E-Mail: hebakadi92@gmail.com).

Received: 3/08/ 2021          Acceptance: 4/11/ 2021

Abstract: 

The effect of foliar spraying studied organic calcium at concentrations (2 and 4 ml/l) and ascorbic acid at concentrations of (400, 600 ppm) and their mixtures on some physical and quality characteristics and the yield of (Coscia) pears fruits during the 2020 season, in Al-Sefira district of Aleppo Governorate, where the spraying was carried out in the stage of completion of growth, while the control was left without treatment. The results showed that fertilization with organic calcium and ascorbic acid with different treatments and concentrations improved the quality of fruits and significant differences compared to the control, as the treatment of calcium 4ml/l+ascorbic acid 400 ppm significantly increased the productivity of the tree, the weight of the fruit, the length and size of the fruit. They were (46.24 kg / tree, 119.35 g, 8.5 cm, 121 cm³) respectively Compared with the control (35.30 kg / tree, 82.92 g, 7.53 cm, 84 cm³) respectively. It also improved the chemical properties of the fruits by increasing the percentage of total solids (TSS),pH and vitamin C, and reducing the acidity compared to the control.

Keywords: pre- harvesting , organic calcium, ascorbic acid, pears, fruit quality.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Hadia Hassan^(1)* ,Sawsan Suleiman⁽¹⁾, and Maher Dais⁽²⁾

(1) Horticulture department- Tishreen University Lattakia Syria

(2) GCSAR, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Hadia Hassan : Email:hadiahasan894@gmail.com)

Received:3/08/2021             Accepted: 14/10/2021

Abstract: 

The research was carried out at Al-Hanadi Research Station of Lattakia Agricultural Scientific Research Center during 2019-2020 , to study the effect of humic acid HA ( from Humantic –Company-Germany) application (500, 1000 and 1500) ppm ,on Spunta potato growth and productivity at two levels (80% and 40% ) of the field capacity under greenhouse conditions. The experiment included 8 treatments repeated 3 times. The experiment design used a split plot system. After 35 days of planting, plants were sprayed with humic acid three times with an interval of ten days . The results showed a decrease in some vegetative and productive indicators at 40% level than at 80%. The lack of irrigation decreased plant height and the number of leaves and plant production (kg / plant) without affecting leaf area. Humic treatment at 1000 ppm gave the highest rate of photosynthesis (0.199 g / cm2 / day) at 40%level of field capacity . The highest number of leaves (25.125) leaf / plant and leaf area were recorded at 80%. Stem height, relative water content in leaves (64.93%), and photosynthesis rate increased with 1500 ppm at 80% level. the highest productivity (2.66) kg / m2 achieved at humic 500 ppm at 80%. Whereas, the best HA used efficiency was at 1000 ppm under water stress.
Key words: potato, Humic acid , water stress.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf