Talal Fozo^(1)* and, Iman Almatar⁽²⁾

• Homs center, GCSAR, Damascus, Syria.
• Horticultural Research Department,  GCSAR, Damascus,Syria..

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Tala Fozo, Email: Talalfozo544@gmail.com)

Almond is economically one of the important fruit crops especially nut fruits in Syria according to the fact that the wild genetic resources are still exist along the Syrian forests, mountains and hills. The study was conducted on the agricultural research center of Homs; Syria aimed to study self-incompatibility for some introduced Italian varieties of Almond. (Prunus amygdalus L.) Results revealed an existence of complete self-sterile varieties such as Feragnes and Don carlo, and varieties varied according to the results of free fertilization in fruit setting rates; for example, Touno and Genco varieties had the highest fruit setting rates (32.9585% and 32.0996% respectively). However, Filippocco and Supernova varieties recorded the lowest fruit setting rates (11.7742% and 11.8184% respectively). Genco, Tuono,Don carlo, Feragnes, Filippocco and Pepparudda varieties varied according to pollen viability between 88.6300% for Genco and 70.7100% for Pepparudda but in the other hand the variety Supernova pollen viability was the lowest by 60.4263%. Genco occupied the highest rank in pollen germination rate by 76.0763% but Filippocco had the lowest pollen germination rate by 60.4263; in parallel of that, Genco had the highest fertility index while the lowest was for Filippocco.

Abstract:

Keywords: Prunus amygdalus L., self-sterile, pollen viability, pollen germination.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Mahmoud Hasan^(1)*,   Ramez Mohammad⁽²⁾, and Tarek Hasan⁽³⁾

• Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.
• Tartous Center, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Syria,
• Department of Nutritive Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author. Mahmoud Hasan, Email:  dr.tarekhasan1980@gmail.com)

Abstract

 The study explained the positive result of the treatment tobacco plant burley variety by Bion^® to induce systemic acquired resistance SAR against the black shank disease which caused by fungus Phytophthora parasitica var nicotianae by two method s irrigation and spray. The best results was by treatment 0.5 m .mol concentration with irrigation method so it decreased the infection percentage of black shank disease to 26.7% and severity to 15% . Treatment by two methods showed positive results on some physical and chemical properties of dry leaves of tobacco plant burley variety, and the yield (dry and wet weight). It showed The best methods the irrigation treatment by 0.5 m.mol concentration, the apparent density of dry leaves to 40.55% increased to 45.97g/ cm² comparing by healthy control 24.87g/cm² , and nicotine percentage 1% comparing by healthy control 1.1%, also the chloride percentage was 0.94% comparing by healthy control 0.89%, which it a positive character, and the protein percentage increased to 16.12% comparing with healthy control 14.85% , and caused increase in the percentage of Non Protein Nitrogen (NPN) reached to 1.49% and 0.84% to healthy control. For yield the treatment by Bion^® with irrigation method and 0.5 m. mol concentration increased the average of wet weight of plant to 529.13 g comparing with healthy control 357.31 g , and increased the average of dry weight of plant to 53.8g comparing with 35.87g to healthy control

Kay words: Apparent density, Nicotine, Chloride, Dry weight, Bion^®, Phytophthora parasitica var nicotianae, Tobacco Plant Burley Variety

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Shafak Harfoush^(1)*,   Saosan Haifa⁽²⁾, and  Hasan Alaa Aldeen⁽³⁾

(1)Faculty of Agricultural Engineering – Directorate of Solid Waste Management , Tartous Governorate,  Syria

(2) Department of Soil ,Faculty of Agricultural. Tishreen University, Latakia, Syria

(3) Department of Forestry and Environment College,Faculty of Agricultural. Tishreen University, Latakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author. Shafak Harfoush .E-Mail. Shafakhar@hotmail.com) 

Abstract

This research aims to reveal properties of  the compost garbage, and to study the ways of  its use in the Cultivation and breeding of some plants (Okra  Hibiscus esculentus  , Tobaco sp, Aubergine Solanum melongena). Where the research was divided into two parts: the first section was laboratory work by taking samples of compost and its mixture with the soil and analyzing its properties. Six replications were taken from each treatment used, which are three treatments: the first is [A 100% compost], and the second is[ B  75% compost + 25%. Agricultural soil], and the third [ C 100% agricultural soil] and the analyzes were carried out on 11/2/2017. The second section is an agricultural work by By doing three tests; The first one: possibility of germination of okra seeds and the cultivation of their seedlings on compost and its mixtures, and the second: Is  the use of compost in fertilizing tobacco seedlings, and the third: Is a comparison between the growth and development of Aubergine seedlings in greenhouses with and without compost (75%).  The results of the analysis showed the good content of organic matter and nutrients and an excellent ratio of C / N, but a high pH value was observed, and a high salinity value in the event that the compost was not washed,  and the results of the tests showed the ability and validity of compost to improve the germination rate of vegetables after mixing it with soil by 75%. Compost and not to be used for germination alone without mixing with the soil.

Keyword: Compost, Organic Matter, Heavy Metals, Salinity, Acidity, Seeds, Germination, Medium.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Saoud Sarboukh^(1)*, Sulaiman Saleem⁽²⁾ ,Muhammad Saied El-Shater⁽²⁾

 And Sami Al_Hinnawi⁽¹⁾

(1) GCSAR, Damascus, Syria.

(2) Faculty of Agriculture, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria.

 (*Corrsponding author: Saoud Sarboukh  E-Mail:  srbook72@gmail.com).

Abstract

A field experiment was made in hout research station, general commotion of scientific agriculture research, 30 km southern of As-Suwaidaa, in 2015- 2016, where the soil is heavy clayey , medium in depth,  poor in organic matter, poor in calcium carbonate. Results showed that the increases of volcanic tuff additions caused a significant decreases at (p< 0.05) in soil midum porosity (3-30 micrometer in diameter) to (14.63%, 19.02%) in the treatments of adding tuff by 5% by volume, symbolized by (T1), and by 10%, symbolized by (T2) respectively compared with the control treatment (T0). The addition of volcanic tuff (T1), (T2) caused a significant increases at (p<0.05) in macro porosity (more than 30 micrometer in diameter) to (8.46 %, 11.33%) respectively compared with (T0) to 25 cm in depth. This reflects the importance of addition of volcanic tuff at 10% 0f soil volume to 25 cm in depth to improve Vertysols aeration and its physical and hydrological properties.

Keyword: Volcanic Tuff, Bulk Density, Real Density, Microporosity, Macroporosity, Porosity.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Samer Abou Hamdan^)1(*and Bayan Muzher ⁾¹⁽

(1) Pome and Grapevine Division, Sweida, GCSAR,Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Samer Ghaleb Abou Hamdan, E-Mail:  abuhamdansamer@yahoo.com).

Abstract

This research was carried out in the General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research- Pome and Grapevine Division in Sweida province during 2016 and 2017 on three introduced pears varieties: Santamaria, Abyvetal,Bartlett, in order to determine the optimal dates for the consumption maturity time of these varieties according to the biological, physical, and chemical  indicators, and connect them with sensory tests at each harvest date. The results showed that the fruits of these varieties needed 137 to 157 days for ripening, and its need for thermal accumulation was between 1759 and 2089 thermal unit, where the least need for the Santamaria variety with a significant difference from the two varieties Abyvetal and Bartlett at significant level 5%. The fruit firmness decreased as it matured, and the Bartlett variety characterized by high firmness at the date of 7/8, where it was 9.3 kg/cm² and decreased to 3.7 kg/cm² at the date of 3/10. The percentage of soluble solids and total sugar increased as the fruits of the varieties matured, and the highest percentage of soluble solids was in Bartlett variety (17.4%) on 25/9, and the highest percentage of total sugar also in the variety (13.1%) on 18/9, and in Abyvetal variety the percentage of soluble solids reached 16.8% on 18/9. The percentage of acidity was in the early harvest dates and decreased as the varieties matured, and the highest percentage was in fruits of the Santamaria variety (0.28%) at the harvest date 7/8. When connecting these indicators with sensory tests it was found that the optimal date of consumption maturity in the Santamaria variety was between 21/8 and 28/8, and in the Abyvetal and Bartlett varieties between 8/9 and 18/9. These results show the importance of connecting environmental, physical, and chemical indicators with each other as well as with sensory tests to determine the dates of consumption maturity and therefore reach the required quality indicators for each variety.

Keywords: Pear, Harvest date, Mature indicators, Consumption maturity.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Atie Arab ^(1)*, Ruba Mouallem⁽¹⁾, Nizar Essa⁽¹⁾,and Aziza Gareeb⁽¹⁾

• Agricultural Scientific Research Center , general commission for scientific agriculture research,  Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Atie Arab E-Mail: atiearab@hotmail.com).

Abstract

Keywords: Olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae, fruit storage, free acidity, peroxide index.

Bactrocera oleae (Diptera, Tephritidae) is an important pest that affects olive oil quality (OOQ). The study aimed to determine the effect of olive fruit fly infestation and fruit storage period on OOQ. A field survey was carried out in olive orchards and olive decanters in Lattakia and Tartous governorates during olithe ve harvest in 2016 and 2017. The percentage of infestation with olive fruit fly, duration of fruit storage, free acidity, and peroxide index of oil, were determined. The results showed that the percentage of infestation with olive fruit fly in olive orchards in the 2016 season ranged 32.25 – 42.25% in Lattakia and 28 – 35.5% in Tartous, versus13 – 28%, in Latakia and 19.5 – 26% in 2017 season. The percentage of infestation in decanters were (32 – 60%) and (38 – 60%) in Lattakia and Tartous respectively. The findings also showed a positive significant correlation between infestation with olive fruit fly rate in decanters and the free acidity and peroxide index. In addition, there was highly positive significant correlation both free acidity percentage and peroxides index with fruit storage duration .

Full paper in Arabic: pdf