Mazen Bufaur (1), Bhaa Alrahban(2), Mohammad Alallan(2), Rami Bohamdan(1), and Waed Ghanem(1) (1) Al- Sweida Research Center, Al- Sweida, Syria. (2) Scientific Agricultural Research commission, Syria. (Corresponding author: Roula Bathoush E-Mail:, Email:mazenaudy@yahoo.com.(
Abstract:
A Feld chemical experiment was executed to test the efficacy of some pesticides Supplied with summer oil on Females of Dactylopius opuntiae (Dactylopiidae; Hemiptera) which was recently recorded in Syria. Acetamiprid 20%, Chlorine- perphos ethyl 48%, Dimethoate 40%, Delta- permethrin 100q/l and summer oil were used as a foliar spray and control, Results showed that the efficacy of Acetamiprid, Chlorine- perphos ethyl and Dimethoate treatments were the best after the first and second week after spraying with Significant differences in comparative of Delta- permethrin and summer oil treatments, the efficacy of Chlorine- perphos ethyl was reduced with Significant differences with Acetamiprid and Dimethoate treatments in the third week after spraying. Using summer oil alone has made a recorded efficacy on females along period of three weeks after spraying.
Keywords: Dactylopius opuntiae, Acetamiprid, Chlorine-perphos ethyl, Dimethoate, Delta-permethrin, and Summer oil.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Leen Almukaddem ^(1)*, Wael Habib ⁽²⁾ , and Jamal Alali ⁽³⁾

(1). Tartus Center for Scientific Agricultural Research, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Syria.

(2). Department of Agricultural Economy. Faculty of Agriculture, Albaath University, Syria.

(3). Latakia Center for Scientific Agricultural Research, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Syria.

(*Corresponding Author: Dr. Leen Almukaddem. E-Mail: leeno1411@yahoo.com)

Abstract

As Syria enters its eleventh year of the crisis, the problem of food insecurity has increased, and become a very important issue at the local and global level. The aim of this research is to measure the farm households’ food security status in the coastal area, using a set of internationally approved measures, which are the Food Consumption Score (FCS), the Reduced Coping Strategies Index (rCSI), and the Food Security Index (FSI). The research relied on collected preliminary field data using a questionnaire form during last quarter of 2019, the research was conducted on a random stratified sample of 382 farm households distributed between Lattakia and Tartous governorates based on their percentage of the total number of households. The results showed that FCS gave the lowest level of food insecurity among households, followed by the FSI, while rCSI gave the highest level of household food insecurity, where the value of these three indicators was (20.6, 21.6, and 47.2%) respectively. The study recommended the necessity of using multiple indicators to measure the different dimensions of food security, and using a combination of indicators can improve the measurement of food insecurity, as this reduces the false possibilities, whether positive or negative and the misclassification of households’ food security status.

Keywords: Food Security, Food Security Indicators, Coping Strategies, Food Consumption Score, Syria

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Luna Ahmad^*)1( , Ramzi Murshed⁽²⁾, Mouwafak Jbour⁽¹⁾, Fahed Albiski⁽³⁾ , Hijazi Mando^(3), and Hana almfeshi⁽⁴⁾

• Horticulture Research Administration, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Damascus, Syria.
• Department of Horticulture Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Damascus, P. O. Box 30621, Syria.
• General Commission for Biotechnology, Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, Damascus, Syria.
• Animal Wealth Administration, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author:Dr. Luna Ahmad, Email: ahmadluna@yahoo.com) 

Abstract

The research was carried out during the period 2016-2020 to collect, characterize and cultivate some of the Syrian wild strains of oyster mushrooms found in the southwestern Hama region. Several wild Syrian strains of the oyster mushroom Pleurotus spp. were collected, cultivated and their productivity and chemical composition were studied compared to a control (a locally cultivated commercial strain M2175 of Mycelia company of Belgium) in a completely randomized design. The studied six strains (S5, S7, S11, S13, S15, S17), were collected from locations with altitude that ranged from 419.71 to 813 m above sea level, morphologically described, then isolated and purified on PDA, and then cultivated on wheat hay after preparing their spawns on durum wheat grains. After harvesting, readings related to the fruiting body (and fruiting clusters productivity and biological efficiency were calculated. The chemical content of fruitbodies was studied. The results showed a good level of spread and ecological diversity of the fungus, with wide variations between the collected strains in terms of their morphological characteristics, especially in the color, shape and diameter of the cap. The dimensions of the spores ranged between (3.41 and 4.35) microns in width and (8.52 and 10.85) microns in length, while the strains did not differ in the nature of their lateral fruiting on the host’s trunk and inward rolled margin of the cap. The results of strains cultivation on wheat hay indicated that there are clear differences between them in the indicators of fruitbodies growth and productivity, where the average diameter of the cap ranged between 7.57 and 10.74 cm, the average diameter of the stem 1.45-2.40 cm, the average length of the stem 1.70-3.40 cm, and weight of fruitbody 20.2-54.36 g. The average number of fruitbodies of the studied strains per cluster ranged between 9.40 and 28.20, the average number of clusters ranged between .3.33 and 4.67 clusters, the average weight of the fruit cluster ranged between 336. and 503.8 g, the average productivity ranged between 232.25-326.73 g/kg, and the value of biological efficiency varied between 87.11-110.43%. Analysis of the chemical content of studied strains showed significant differences, S17 and S13 characterized by a high content of dry matter and protein, and the S17 also had a high content of ash, fat and fiber. The strain showed good protein content of 19.12-33.36%. The highest content of fiber was in the S5 and S17 strains (22.17 and 19.51%, respectively). As a result, all strains were good. S13 and S17 were selected as the best strains in terms of the most important productive and quality characteristics.

Keywords: oyster mushroom, wild collected, productivity, chemical composition, biological efficiency.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Mohamed Abd Elaziz ⁽¹⁾ Hussam Khalasi⁽¹⁾ , andLubna Barhom^*(2)

• Department of Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University

Lattakia, Syria.

• Department of Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author:lubna barhom. E-Mail: lubnabarhom@gmail.com)

Abstract:

  The research was carried out during the two seasons (2019-2018) and      (2020-2019) in Tartous Governorate, with the aim Study the relationship between grain yield and  some drought tolerance indicators for several types of soft wheat strains  : ACSAD 1256, DOMA 58847, DOMA 58585, DOMA64453, ACSAD 1149 and two approved cultivars. DOMA 2 and DOMA 4 under protected conditions. it was found that there were Significant differences between the two seasons in grain yield under control conditions, stress and drought tolerance indicators (STI), (MSTI), (MP), The correlations of the stress tolerance index  showed a strong positive significant correlation with the modified drought tolerance index( MSTI), and  mean  geometric productivity MP and  the correlations showed the correlation of the  stress tolerance index STI, a strong positive significant correlation with the modified drought tolerance index MSTI, and the mean geometric productivity MP at both treatments. The best parameters that were positively correlated with grain yield under control and stress conditions are indicators: Drought Tolerance Index STI, mean geometric productivity MP                                                              

Keywords: drought stress, grain yield, indicators of drought, Triticum aestivum

.Full paper in Arabic: pdf                                                                                                         

Alaa Ibrahim^)1(*, Najwa Ali⁽¹⁾, Aminah Issa⁽¹⁾, Abeer Habib⁽¹⁾, and Ghadah Ballol⁽¹⁾

• Ciano station, Scientific Agricultural Researches center of Latakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author:  Alaa Ibrahim. E-Mail: alaasoeb@gmail.com).

Abstract

  This investigation was conducted in 2019. The present study was carried out in a field at the citrus experimental station in Ciano, the General Corps of Scientific Agricultural Researches. The fruit maturity development of orange trees (Washington Navel 141) budded on seven citrus rootstocks (Sour orange, Citrumelo 4475, Citrumelo 1452, Troyer Citrange, Carrizo Citrange, Macrophylla, and Cleopatra Mandarin) and farmed in 1989 have been studied. The results showed a significant increase in fruit fresh weight in trees grafted on Citrumelo 1452 by (107.93%) compared to the increase in fruit fresh weight in trees grafted on Sour orange by (58.65%). Fruit peel thickness significantly increased by (6.68%) in trees grafted on Troyer Citrange compared to those grafted on Sour orange, Citrumelo 4475, and Macrophylla whose fruit peel thickness decreased by (22.65, 13.55 and 11.46%, respectively). The largest significant increase in total soluble solids (%) was in trees grafted on Macrophylla by (57.29%), while total acids (%) significantly decreased by (74.25%) in trees grafted on Cleopatra Mandarin.

Keywords: Navel, Maturity, Fruit, Cleopatra, Citrumelo.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Afraa Masri ^(1)*,  Ramez Mohammed ⁽²⁾, and  Fadel Alkaiem⁽¹⁾

(1) Lattakia Center of Scientific Agricultural Researches, GCSAR, Lattakia, Syria.

(2) Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture Tishreen University Lattakia, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author:  Afraa masria . E-Mail: afraamasri90@gmail.com).

Abstract

Gum is one of the complex carbohydrates that formed in the different parts of plants. It is characterized by its low cost of production, as well as being one of the additives that are currently taking a lot of attention due to its properties. The purpose of this research aims to study the chemical composition and some physicochemical and functional properties of the mucilage extracted from two types of jujube fruit : Cultivated jujube (Z. jujube), Wild jujube (Z. lotus). Moreover, to test the efficiency of produced mucilage by using it in some food products, analyze its effects on the sensory properties of the studied product and compare these affected properties when using imported commercial gums (Arabic gum was used for comparison purpose). This study was carried out with cooperation between Tishreen University and General. The analysis of chemical composition of the studied gums showed that their content of carbohydrates is in high level. It was (85.85%) for Arabic gum, (87.57%) for Z.lotus, and (89.83%) for Z .jujube. While the proportion of protein and ash were low, and the fat content was almost equal to zero for the three studied types of gums. For the sensory evaluation, creamy ice cream sample tested by adding Z. lotus mucilage had the highest grades, and its sensual properties like shape, textures, color, flavor and resistance to Solubility were the best compared to the samples tested by adding Z .jujube mucilage or Arabic gum. These results indicate that the mucilage extracted from both mentioned types of jujube can be used as stabilizer in  the field of food industry and as an alternative to high-cost imported commercial gums.

Keyword: mucilage, jujube fruits, chemical composition, sensory evaluation, creamy ice cream , textu.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Afaf Masmas^(1)*, Ahmad Haddal⁽²⁾, and Faten Hamed⁽¹⁾

(1) Food technology department, GCSAR, Damascus, Syria.

(2) Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author:  Dr. afaf Masmas. E-Mail: faf-ms@hotmail.com )

Abstract

This study was conducted on 35 Shami goat milk samples taken periodically from  Karahta center for Shami goats breeding during lactation period in  2015 (from March to July) at a rate of (3 samples) in a  month. Automated Ecremeuse was used to separate cream fats. The results of physico – chemical tests for Shami goats milk fat showed that there were no significant differences at P≤ 0.01 in the means value of pH degree, Saponification number, iodine number, relative density and  frezing point during the lactation. However,  there was a significant diferences at P≤ 0.01 in the refractive index only. The triglycerides results showed no signifiant differences at P≤ 0.01 in means of concentrations of TAG during the lactation and the TAG contents increased with carbon atoms number reached to maximum level of 13% of total TAG for each of  C38, C40, and C42. Beyond this point, the TAG of goat milk decreased with the carbon atoms number and reached to  the lowest value for C54 at 2%. This gave the fat of goat’s milk distinctive genetic fingerprint for other species.                                                                                                 

Keywords: Goat; Goat Milk, Triglycerides.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Abdo Abo bakr*⁽¹⁾ and Mohammad Abou Shaar ⁽²⁾

(1) General corps for scientific agricultural research, Aleppo center.

(2₎ Dept. of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Aleppo university

(*Corresponding author:  Abdo Abo Bakr. E-Mail: bdabobakr@gmail.com )

Abstract

The efficiency of the dispensation was tested for local bacterial isolation, on slices of the variety Alison A8، G6، B4، AP1 about Rhizoctonia solani, Isolate (RS 7) was the most virulent; the control showed a typical growth of Rhizoctonia solani after four days of experience. Without significant differences between the isolation A8، G6، B4 following Bacillus, where these insulations did not allow fungi growth while fungi were 1.4 cm in the treatment of AP1 isolation from the rastic/ branching bacteria the impact of both isolation A8, B4, AP1 is limited to inhibition the growth of fungi as the G6 isolation affected potato slices, with tissue analysis and slice mold within 48 hours of the experiment. studied in the half field experience single and shared partnership for bacterial isolation A8, AP1with a concentration of 109 CFU/tuber and rizolex pesticide with 0.025 ppm effective material and the concentration of 2000 ppm is an effective substance in curbing the pathogenic mature During cropping season 2020 device of tubers before agriculture for 30 minutes by bacterial or pesticide. The results indicated that there are no significant differences between bacterial and control transactions except for treatment of 0.025 ppm effective substance where the average disease in the treatment of 3 according to hexagonal measure while the disease has not exceeded the treatment of isolation A8 0.33, as well as its high ability to inhibition the fungus of virulent, and she worked as a vital catalyst for the grow the of potato seeding compared with the healthy control plants, where was average wet weight in the treatment of isolation Bacillus A8 4.87 gram and medium-length plant length 29.60cm while wet weight was in  healthy control plants studies 1.76 gram and medium length 28.60 cm .

Key words: Rhizoctonia solani, potato slices, Rizolex, inhibition, Bacillus.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Hasn Al-assaf^(1)*, Abdullah Al-youssef⁽¹⁾, and Khald al-mohammad⁽²⁾

(1) General Commotion For Scientific Agricultural Research, Damascus, Syria.

(2) Dept. of orchards, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Hasan Al-assaf, Email: abdullatef74@gmail.com)

Abstract

This study was applied in the season (2017_2018) and aimed to elect the best genotypes according to the most important traits that affect productivity and the attributes associated with yield under the conditions of the eastern area of Aleppo. and its number (78) _74 strain and 4 local varieties( Al-Baladi Al-Muhsin, Hama 2, Hama 3, Cyprus Certified, where the design of the complete random sectors was used according to three replicates under the conditions of irrigated cultivation. The most important morphological and productive traits The degree of heritability was calculated in the broad sense (h2bs) and both the phenotypic and genetic association factors were estimated between the studied traits and yield, the PAST program used to perform a cluster analysis to classify the studied genotypes according to the seed yield quality, and the results showed that there were significant differences between the genotypes of all studied traits, and the highest value of the century length trait was (17.33) cm at the genotype G6, where the G24 genotype was characterized by the highest attribute value The number of seeds in the plant where the value for these traits was (259), and the G69 genotype was characterized by the highest value of the number of seeds in the century (6) seeds, and the G37 genotype recorded the highest value of the seed weight trait in the plant (94.3) g, and the G9 genotype outperformed Yields all studied genotypes which have values H of this quality (3777.8) kg / h, and the highest value for the genetic variation was recorded for the seed yield trait and the highest value for the degree of heritability is the value of the seed weight value in the plant (0.98), and the path modulus was high for the number of seeds in the plant (0.463), so its direct effect was on Yield is high while direct effects of other traits were neglected and the highest contribution to yield was the contribution of the number of seed characteristics in the plant. The genotypes were divided into four groups using cluster analysis according to their productivity and the best group was the group that includes the genotypes (G9, G17, G23, G16, G15, G8), and a highly significant genetic and phenotypic association b Most of the traits were characterized by high and significant correlation between yield and all the following studied traits (plant height, horn length, number of seeds per century, number of seeds per plant, weight of seeds per plant).

Keywords: bean, genetic link, phenotypic correlation, cluster analysis, degree of inheritance, pathway analysis.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Abdulghani Alkhaldi^(1)*, Monier Alnabhan⁽²⁾, and Yaser Almohammed⁽²⁾

(1) Cotton Research Administration, Aleppo, Syria.

(2) Center Hama for Agriculture scientific Research, Hama, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Abdulghani Alkhaldi, Email: abdulgh64@gmail.com)

Abstract:

The main objective of all cotton producers in the world is the high quality and quantity of cotton fibers with minimum production cost and inputs. Cotton crop is (Gossypium hirsutum L.) one of the most important strategic crops in Syria, because of its multiple uses, and the large size of the population is working in it which it directly or indirectly. Therefore, The Cotton Research Administration following to General commission for agriculture research (GCSAR), has been working to finding varieties that achieve the highest early maturity percentage and yield. In addition to find reservist varieties that better characters.The aim this study to performance evaluation of cotton variety Aleppo 124 (new release) comparison with Aleppo 33/1 Under different fertilizer levels (+ 15%, according to fertilizer equation, -15%  kg N /he) and under two irrigation levels (crop water requirements, 85% of water requirement). Field experiment was carried out at Hama center for agriculture scientific research follow to General commission for agriculture scientific research 2018, heavy clay soil, three replications .It was designed according to three split-split design. The results wear analyzed by Genstat 12 program. Results of the variance analysis (ANOVA) showed at significant level 5%, There are significant differences in nitrogen fertilization treatments, Cotton productivity increased 16% in the first treatment compared with the second treatment, and  the productivity decreased 8% for the third treatment when compared to the second treatment. There were also no significant differences in productivity between the two irrigation treatments, the crop Productivity increased about 6.7%,  for full irrigation (a virtual increase). The opening rate of walnuts on 13 September for the Aleppo 124 variety was   twice more than that of Aleppo 33/1.  The first fertilization treatment with chlorophyll number (middle and  bottom of  the plant) exceeded the second treatment by about 16% and the third treatment by about 37%, and the second fertilization  treatment over the third about 18% .

Key words: Gossypium hirsutum L., Nitrogen fertilization, Irrigation water productivity, Aleppo 33/1, Chlorophyll (SPAD), Water  requirements.    

Full paper in Arabic: pdf