Shurooq Abdullah Najim^(1)*, Hussain Ali Mahdi⁽²⁾, and Dawod Salman Hamid⁽²⁾

(1)Department of Ecology, College of  Science , University of Basrah , Iraq.

(2) Plant protection department, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, Iraq.

(*corresponding author: Dr. shurooq Najim, E-mail: shurooq.najim@uobasrah.edu.iq)

Received: 4/04/2021                Accepted: 4/09/2022

Abstract:

The ladybirds which belonging to a family Coccinellidae are important predators that feed on insects, especially some agricultural pests .In view of the importance of these types of predators, the current research was conducted as a comprehensive survey for different regions of  Basra province, the samples were collected using sweeping nets and hand collection from the wetland environment (East Hammar Marsh), desert lands (Safwan and Zubair) and agricultural areas (Shatt Al-Arab and Abu Al-Khasib), during the period from  1^st.  January   to 1^st.  June, 2021. During the study period, 6 species of ladybirds were recorded, belonging to 6 genera and from different plant families, the frequency rate of the species was as follows: Coccinella septempunctata,; Coccinella novemnotata,; Coccinella undecimpunctata,; Hippodamia tredecimpunctata,; Stethorus spp.; Harmonia spp. The host plant of each species of insects; main preys and environmental conditions (temperature; relative humidity) for each station of study were recorded.

Keywords: Ladybird, predators, Coccinella, Stethorus, Harmonia, Basrah, Iraq.

Full paper in English: pdf

Sinan Sleman*⁽¹⁾, and Nabil AboKaf ⁽²⁾

 (1) Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(2) Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Eng. Sinan Sleman. E-Mail: sinansleman21@gmail.com )

Received: 8/09/2021                Accepted: 31/01/2022

Abstract:

   Red gum lerp psyllid Glycaspis brimblecombei Moore, 1964 (Hemiptera: Aphalaridae) is one of the most serious pests of several species of Eucalyptus, especially Eucalyptus camaludensis the most widespread species in Syria. This study was carried out in 2020 in Agricultural scientific research Centre in Lattakia – Syria, to estimate biological parameters, longevity of different stages and fecundity of psyllid adults in laboratory conditions. Biological parameters were analyzed according to the theory of Age-stage two-sex life table. The values of intrinsic rate of increase (r), the finite increase of rate (λ), and net reproductive rate (R_o) were (0.047 day^-1, 1.04 day^-1, 5.43 offspring/individual) respectively. Generation time (T) was (35.98 day).  longevity of psyllid (29.65 ± 0.09 day).  Adult Longevity of females and males were (14 ± 0.31 day, 11.63 ± 0.15 day) respectively. Sex ratio (1 : 1.7) female : male.

Keywords: Red gum lerp psyllid, Glycaspis brimblecombei, Eucalyptus, life tables, Syria.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Ziad Aleisa^(1)*

(1) biocontrol lab, cotton administration research, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Aleppo, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Ziad Al-eisa,  E-Mail:  ziadissa989@gmail.com)

Received:30/07/2021          Accepted:21/11/2021

Abstract:

Elm considered as deciduous tree which is planted in gardens and on banks of roads, there is many pests attack this tree, one of the most important pest is elm leaf beetle Xanthogaleruca luteola (Müller) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), symptom of infection were observed in Aleppo city gardens’, and by collecting the samples and observing infected trees, it was the cause of this infection is a beetle from coleoptera order and threw taxonomic reference and morphological characters of insect and typical symptoms on infected trees all these data lead that the pest is an elm leaf beetle Xanthogaleruca luteola, and the biology of this insect was studied by periodic collecting of samples from infected trees, and it was found that the insect had three generation per year during 2018and 2019 seasons, and during periodic collecting of samples for biology studying, some eggs were infected by parasitoids on third generation of insect eggs and from taxonomic reference and morphological characters of parasitoids and parasitoid stage it was found that the parasitoid is Oomyzus gallerucae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), which constitutes a distinct addition in integrated pest management.

Keyword: elm, elm leaf beetle, insect biology, egg parasitoid, chrysomelidae, Eulophidae.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Reem Hamdan*⁽¹⁾, Imad Ismail ^(2), and Ensaf Akel ⁽³⁾

(1) General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Damascus, Syria.

(2) Tishreen university, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of plan protection.

(3) Lattakia Research Center, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Reem Hamdan. E-Mail: hamdanreem958@gmail.com).

Received:    10/09/2021                   Accepted: 17/11/2021

Abstract:

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) infection on some growth parameters of several Capsicum hybrids grown under protected cultivation conditions along the Syrian coast. Four Capsicum hybrids were used in the study: 2 spicy (Lahab and Sirad) and 2 non-spicy (Nevada and Dallas) cultivars. The study was carried out during the growing 2020-2021 season in a plastic house at the Scientific Agricultural Research Center in Lattakia, where the complete random design was followed, with 8 treatments and three replications, with 5 plants per replication. Statistical analysis showed that the sweet hybrids (Nevada and Dallas) were more sensitive to infection by the virus compared with hot hybrids (Lahab and Sirad). The reduction in foliage fresh weight of the hybrids Nevada, Dallas, Cirad and Lahab was 17.97, 54.99, 5.36, 35.00 %, respectively, and reduction in root fresh weight of infected plants of 69.01, 68.65, 26.71, 61.87 %, respectively. TYLCV virus infection also contributed to a decline in the quality and quantity of fruits, as the highest rate of fruit loss of 70.21% was recorded for the Dallas hybrid, and the lowest 36.74% for the Nevada hybrid.

Keywords: Tomato yellow leaf curl virus, pepper, hybrids,growth parameter, protected Agriculture.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Qutiaba Hassoud^(1)*

(1) Department of plan protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Qutiaba hassoud, Email. qutiabah111@gmail.com).

Received:21/11/2021          Accepted17/07/2021

Abstract:

The investigation was carried out during 2020 – 2021  at the laboratories of plant protection in Faculty of Agriculture, Damascus University. The efficacy of fungicide / nematicid pesticides (fluopyram: pyridinyl ethylbenzaimide) and  (imicyafos:organophosphate), Also, The efficacy of ethanol extracts of Inula viscos L., Tagetes patula L. and Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. (leaves) was assayed against Juveniles Meloidogyne  incognita (J2) in laboratory. Results showed that fluopyram superiority significantly in killing the M. incognita (J2) compare with Nemakick at all concentration. Where, the LC₅₀ for fluopyram and Nemakick (27.34 and  50.4 mg/L.) after 48 hours, respectively. In the other side, results showed that ethanol extract of  I. viscos superiority significantly in killing the M. incognita (J2) compare with T. patula  and E. camaldulensis (leaves)at all concentration. Where, the LC₅₀ for of I. viscos ., T. patula . and E. camaldulensis 374.51, 857.47 and  1007.42 mg/L. after 48 hours, respectively. The results revealed that the tested compounds and plant extracts were highly toxic to M.  incognita  (J2) after 48 hours than 24 hours from incubation. In addition, the results showed that the toxic of tested compounds increased with increase concentrations. Finally, results of assay of tested compounds indicate that fluopyram and imicyafos and plant extracts of I. viscos and T. patula potential nematicidal activity agonist M.  incognita .

Keywords:, Nematode, Pesticides, Meloidogyne incognita , plant extracts.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Mohammad Haddad ^{(1 )*}, Sawsan Hayfa ⁽¹⁾ , and  Ibrahim Nisafi ⁽²⁾

(1) Department of Soil and Water Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(2) Department of Forestry and Environment, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria

(*Corresponding author: Mohammad Haddad. E-Mail: msh.89.alber@gmail.com )

Received:3/01/2022            Accepted: 31/08/2022

Abstract:

This study aimed to study the accumulative abilities Capparis spinosa and Vitex agnus – castus for lead and copper. This plants are native near the Marren Alsaleeb dam in Hamah city. The plants samples were collected from leaves for plant species, the soil samples were taken at (0-20) cm depth. Concentration of heavy metals were determined in soils and plants with “Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer”. Our results showed that the amounts of pb in the soil samples were 62.39 ppm. The average concentrations of lead pb in the leaves of Capparis spinosa was 4.45 ppm; in the leaves of Vitex agnus – castus was 9.21 ppm. According to statistics analysis V. agnus – castus leaves surpass with accumulate lead. Our results showed that the amounts of Cu in the soil samples were 45.32 ppm. The average concentrations of Cu in the leaves of C. spinosa. was 9.28 ppm; in the leaves of V. agnus – castus was 12.6 ppm. According to statistics analysis there is moral differences between C. spinosa and V. agnus – castus with accumulate copper.

Keywords: Lead, Copper, Capparis spinosa L, Vitex agnus – castus L, Accumulating Heavy Metals, Marren Alsaleeb dam.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Ammar Abbas^(1)* and Ghonwa Khaddour⁽¹⁾

(1) Agriculture research center of Lattakia, General commission for scientific Agriculture Research, Syria.

 (*Corresponding author: Ammar Abbas, E-Mail: Ammarabbas1984@hotmail.com).

Received:22/08/2022          Accepted: 31/08/2022

Abstract:

This research was conducted at the al-Kabeer al-Shamali river basin between the Syrian-Turkish borders  and the coastline of Syria within area of / 836 / km² in order to prepare main database  of  the basin . Topographic and geological maps, climatic data (temerature and rainfall), satellite images, DEM maps and ARC GIS 10.4 were used to prepare some maps including: Contour and slope, geological, soils, temperature, isohytes and land use.  Then detailed tables were included to provide appropriate databases that provide appropriate management decisions. The results showed  the topographic variation, most of the basin are is dominated by low to moderate slopes, Geological  map  also indicated to the presence of seven geological structures most widespread is carbonaceous karst,while the soils map showed the presence of four soil orders ,most spread soils is  Luvisols. Forests are the most prevailing in most of the basin depending on the land use map. average annual temperature ranged between(18-25)`c and annual rainfall (1264) mm in Kasab, the hydrographic net is dense and total length of the river is (56)km

Keywords: al-Kabeer al-Shamali Basin, GIS, database, river.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Talal Amin * ⁽¹⁾, Maher Laffah ⁽²⁾, and Raneem Hassoun ⁽¹⁾

(1) Department of Environment and Forestry, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(2) Faculty of Architecture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Raneem Hassoun, E-Mail: raneem92ha@hotmail.com).

Received:2/009/2021          Accepted: 3/01/2022

Abstract:

The study was carried out in 2019 with the aim of evaluating the ideality of plant species in street trees in situ of the streets of the city of Jableh. Al-Amara street was studied as a model because it is the most crowded and lively street in the city. The results of the study showed the presence of 328 plants distributed between trees and shrubs belonging to 12 plant species and distributed among 11 plant families. Nerium oleander occupied the largest percentage among the cultivated species, with percentage reached 54.6% of the total cultivated species, and Melia azedarach and Hibiscus rosa-sinensis came in the second place with a percentage of 12.2%. Tree species, including the Melia azedarach, Ficus nitida, and Washingtonia filifera, were planted on both sides of the street. The study of the preferential value of the trees according to (Lee et al., 2011) showed that Melia azedarach got the highest preferential value (7.72) out of 10 degrees, followed by the Washingtonia filifera (7.3) and F. nitida got the lowest preferential value (5.8). The study showed that the M. azedarach was the best as a street tree, while the F. nitida was the least efficient in its current condition. It is recommended to plant the empty areas on both sides of the street and take care of the existing trees; especially the appropriate pruning, also it is recommended to plant the middle island with a smaller number of homogeneous plant species like Dodonaea and oleander or others with its formation as a vegetative wall or in the form of intermittent groups with an appropriate formation that achieves an appropriate coordination value.

Keywords: urban afforestation, Melia azedarach, street tree.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Omar Abdulrazzak⁽¹⁾, Rami Kaba^(2)*, and Wasim Qarmo ⁽¹⁾

(1)  The Department of Soil and Land Reclamation, Faculty Agriculture at Deir Ezzor , Al-Furat University, Syria.

(2) The Department of Soil and Land Reclamation, Faculty Agriculture at Al-Hasakah, Al-Furat University, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr Rami Kaba , E-Mail: kaba.rami@gmail.com)

Received: 10/06/2021         Accepted: 21/11/2021

Abstract:

Oil pollution causes changes in the physical, chemical, and biological properties of soils, including a change in the pH buffering capacity of the soil to resist the change in the acid and alkaline range, which in turn affect nutrients absorption soil fertility. This research aimed to study the effect of oil pollution on pH buffering capacity to change acidity and alkalinity values of some soils in Al-Hasakah governorate, Al-Malikiyah (Vertisols) and Rmelan (Inceptisols). The research carried out under laboratory conditions using oil pollution treatments with different proportions T1: control 0 ml/kg, T2: 5 ml / kg, T3: 50 ml / kg, T4: 100 ml / kg.The results showed a decrease in pH buffering capacity of Malikiyah soil (Vertisols) to resist change in soil acidity in the acidic range when oil pollution increased, a decrease  by 1.95% at T2 treatment, whereas at T3 and T4, pH buffer capacity decreased by 6.73- 8.39% compared  to control respectively. While the pH buffering capacity of Malikiyah soil in the alkaline range increased with the increase in pollution levels. The pH buffer capacity of Remelan soil (Inceptisols) was 73.35% in the acid range and 26.65% in the alkaline range in control soil , and decreased in acid range by 0.89%, 5.72%, 8.48%. While it increased in the alkali range with increasing levels of oil pollution. When comparing the two soils, Al-Malikiyah soil had a higher pH buffering capacity compared to Remelan soil in the acid range, whether  in control  soil or on oil polluted treatments.

Keywords: Oil pollution, pH buffering capacity, Al-Hassakeh soils, Al-Malikiyah soil, Remelan soil.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Tofek Othman^*(1) , and Omaima Naser ⁽¹⁾

(1) Department of Environmental Prevention, Higher Institute for Environmental Research, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

 (*Corresponding author: Tofek Othman, E-Mail: tofek.osman@gmail.com).

Received:18/08/2021    Accepted:11/01/2022

Abstract: 

The study aimed to improve the yield of biogas production during the anaerobic fermentation process of raw poultry droppings (PD) during the year (2018) from the layers farm (Al-jremkia) site which is affiliated to Agriculture Directorate in Lattakia. Then PD was mixed with starter (S) then it was mixed with both starter and tree leaves (TL). Three treatments from poultry droppings were prepared and each one was repeated (9) times. The first treatment was raw poultry droppings (T1), the second treatment was poultry droppings with starter, and the third was poultry droppings with both starter and tree leaves. The results showed that treatment (T3) was significantly superior to both treatments (T2, T1) in the amount of biogas produced at a significant level of (5) %, as the amount of biogas produced for each of them reached (3751.67, 608.67, 167.85) ml, respectively during (23) days.

Keywords: poultry droppings, anaerobic fermentation, starter, tree leaves, biogas.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf