Hala Ghanem ^(1)*, Ensaf Akel⁽²⁾, Qusay Al-Rhayeh⁽²⁾ and Imad Ismail⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(2). General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Hala Ghanem,   E-mail: ghanemhala548@gmail.com )

Received:26/09/2021               Accepted: 23/03/2022

Abstract: 

The research was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of the local bacterial isolate, Bacillus subtilis B.Ra.217 in reducing infection with tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV).by studying some growth parameters (plant height, dry and fresh weight of Vegetative, dry, and fresh weight of the root system, and weight of fruits). This research was conducted at the Agricultural Scientific Research Center in Lattakia Governorate in a plastic house in season 2020/2021. The bacteria were added by seed treatment + seedlings irrigation. The result after 4 months of planting showed the effectiveness of bacterial isolate in improving the growth parameters of tomato plants, This activity was manifested in increasing the height of the plant,  the dry and fresh weight of Vegetative, the dry and fresh weight of the root system and the weight of fruits by (32.06%)، (39.26%) ،(20.8%)  (29.01%)، (20.75%)، (36.21%) respectively of the plants treated with bacteria compared with the healthy control plants. It also showed its effectiveness in increasing the height of plants the dry and fresh weight of Vegetative, the dry and fresh weight of the root system, and the weight of fruits by (46.69%)،(21.40%)،(20.16%)،(5.14%)،(26.13%)،(1.66%) respectively of the plants treated with bacteria and virus compared with the infective control plants.

Keywords: Tomato, TYLCV, B. subtilis B.Ra.217, Growth parameters.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Hala Al Zahr*⁽¹⁾, Fateh Khatib⁽¹⁾ and Naim Al Hussien⁽²⁾

(1). Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria.

(2). Aleppo Research Center, General Commission of Scientific Agricultural Researches (GCSAR(, Aleppo, Syria.

(*Corresponding author:  Hala Al-Zahr. E-Mail: halaalzaher.1990@gmail.com ).

Received:  11/ 12 /2021        Accepted:  15 /03  /2022

Abstract: 

Dodder is a parasitic weed that attacks the aerial parts of plants, Crops, Trees, shrubs and weeds. The present research aimed to study the genetic diversity of dodder using Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) technique, the samples collected from Aleppo, Hama and Homs, DNA was extracted from plant stems, its concentration, purity and quality were measured.  Six ISSR primers were used to amplify the genomic DNA. The results showed the efficiency of the ISSR molecular markers in showing genetic diversity, where the percentage of polymorphism for all markers was 100%, and revealed the presence of large genetic diversity among the studied samples. The similarity ratio ranged between 0.04 – 0.89. The polymorphic information content varied among the markers, the best one was IS14, (PIC = 0.4). The studied samples were distributed in the dendogram into 4 clusters, according to the host.

Key words: Dodder, genetic diversity, molecular marker, ISSR.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Esmail Al Daham*⁽¹⁾  and Fateh Khatib⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Aleppo University

(*corresponding author: Esmail Al Daham E-Mail: dhamasmayl2@gmail.com).

Received: 11/02/2022                      Accepted:23/03/2022

Abstract: 

Genetic engineering has been used to transfer genes from other organisms, in a way that cannot be achieved by conventional breeding, and has improved the performance of plants in the field, increasing their tolerance to certain biological and abiotic stresses. The Cry gene has been isolated from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. Kurstaki HD1. It is toxic to nematode, insect pests, especially species of the order Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, and Diptera, which cause significant economic losses to major crops grown around the world. This study aimed to evaluate the toxic effect of Cry gene in some maize products spread in the local market of Aleppo city that have been shown to be transgenic through molecular tests using a Mediterranean flour butterfly as an alternative host. Plastic cans divided with plastic barriers, containing 100 g of corn flour per replicate , were used in the bioassay. The second instars were transferred to the boxes (replicates), twenty larva each and the sample was repeated for three times. The boxes were covered with a piece of muslin and fixed with a rubber band. The boxes were incubated at a temperature of 23 ± 2 °C, relative humidity 50 ± 5%, illumination (16 h light: 8 h dark), and the following readings were taken: larval longevity, larval weight, corrected kill percentage, length of pupal period, and the sexual fecundity for adults. The results of the statistical analysis showed that the longest period of time for the second larval life and the death of all larva 100% when fed on corn flakes and Argentine corn kernels. It also recorded a decrease in larvae weight and the number of eggs laid by insects whose larvae fed on corn grain and its genetically modified food products comparing to the control (non-transgenic flour).Deformations were observed on the whole insect, especially on the hind wings.

Key words: Bioassay, Cry gene, transgenic maize, Mediterranean flour butterfly.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf 

Mohammad Haddad^*(1) , Sawsan Hayfa⁽²⁾ and Ibrahim Nisafi ⁽³⁾

(1). Hamah Research Center, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research GCSAR, Damascus, Syria.

(2). Department of Soil and Water Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(3). Department of Forestry and Environment, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Mohammad Haddad, E-Mail: msh.89.alber@gmail.com ).

Received: 18/10/2021       Accepted:13/03/2022

Abstract: 

The objective of this study was to determine the contamination degree of Marren Alsaleeb dam’s soils (Hama – Masyaf) and the relation between total and exchangeable Cadmium with the physical and chemical properties of soils. Soil samples were collected from two depths (0-20 cm) and (20-40 cm) along 3 km. The study indicates that soils had different textures. Soil pH was neutral to alkaline. Soil salinity was within the normal range. Soils organic content was between (0.28-3.64%), Results also showed that total calcium carbonate content was high content. Average of the total amount of cadmium in layer ranged between (1.25 – 2.94 mg/kg). Whereas Exchangeable form was between (0.4 – 1.34 mg/kg). Cadmium was accumulated in the topsoil in most of the sampled sites. The highest concentration of Cadmium was in samples locate near the pollution source  and it exceeds  the critical limit (2 mg/kg). Cadmium accumulated in the river bed soil compared by soil of the side. There was a positive coefficient correlation between total amount and Exchangeable cadmium. Positive coefficient correlation between cadmium content with organic matter calcium carbonate  and soils clay content. Linear regression equation showed the significant R² between the Cd fractions (Total, Exchangeable) with studied soil properties in soils of Marren Alsaleeb dam.

Keywords: Heavy metals, Cadmium, Ma’reen Alsaleeb dam, Environmental pollution.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Kamel Khalil ⁽¹⁾*, Hajar Nasser ⁽²⁾ and Salim Mahmoud ⁽³⁾

(1). Department of Environmental Prevention, Higher Institute for En, Lattakia, Syria. environmental Research, Tishreen University. Lattaki, Syria

(2). Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(3). Department of Environmental Chemistry, Higher Institute for Environmental Research, Tishreen, University, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Kamel Khalil. E-mail: d.kamelkhalil@tishreen.edu.sy).

Received: 11/12/2021              Accepted:28/03/2022

Abstract: 

This study aimed to estimate the concentration of heavy metal elements: lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni) and zinc (Zn) in the leaves of Nerium oleander L. planted in the city of Jableh during the spring and autumn of the year 2020. Leaves samples were collected from five locations (S1, S2, S3, S4, S5), varying according to the traffic density. The concentrations of heavy metals were determined by using the atomic absorption spectrophotometer at the Higher Institute for Environmental Research. The results showed that the order of elemental concentrations (general average) in ppm in leaves of oleander shrubs was as follows: In the spring: Zn (37.55) > Cu (10.76) > Ni (9.24) > Pb (0.87) > Cd (0.08). In the autumn season: Zn (33.20) > Cu (16.12) > Ni (12.82) > Pb (1.34) > Cd (0.11) and the concentration of elements was higher in autumn compared to spring except for zinc. The results also showed that the values of elements were within The normal limits except for nickel and the site S3 ()bus station) was characterized by high values for all elements in general, especially in the autumn. A positive significant correlation was also recorded between lead and cadmium in both seasons (spring and autumn).As a result; it can be suggested to adopt the oleander shrubs as an accumulator for the estimation of pollution caused by heavy metal elements in the city of Jableh.

Keywords: Nerium oleander L. – bioaccumulator – heavy metals – Jableh (Syria).

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Ammar Abbas^(1)*, Boshra Khozam⁽¹⁾ and Jamil Abbas  ⁽²⁾

(1). Department of natural, General commission for scientific agriculture research –resource, Damascus, Syria.

(2). Department of Soil and Water science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Ammar Abbas, E.mail: ammarabbas1984@hotmail.com)

Received: 15/01/2021         Accepted: 18/02/2022

Abstract: 

The research was conducted in the Orontes lower basin in the area between the Rastan dam and Syrian-Turkish border near Jisr Al-Shughour city with a total area of ​​8115 km² to assess the current use of water resources in agriculture sector and propose future scenarios for managing these resources. 2010 was considered as a base year , then data from  Ministry of Water Resources (river flow, tributaries, natural recharge of ground water, spring flow, storage of dams ..) daily meteorological data (precipitation, maximum and minimum temperature,  wind speed, relative humidity and solar radiation)  from the General commission for  Meteorology,  data from Ministry of Agriculture (land use , total agricultural tolerances, irrigated areas, crop water requirements, irrigation techniques..) and GIS databases (topographic, geological, hydrographic, soil, climate and land use) were obtained . The main data of WEAP21 were prepared (demand and supply sites, available water resources ..) and the catchment  icon was selected for basin modeling using  MABIA as integrated  model with the WEAP21  take into consideration a range of inputs including:  land use, Irrigation techniques, climatic data, soil texture, soil moisture characteristics, irrigation techniques and irrigation efficiency. The model was first calibrated and validated depending on actual production and production of the model, then unmet demand in the base year was considered to suggest future scenarios in the period (2011-2050), including Reducing areas planted with summer crops and expanding areas planted with winter crops, irrigation efficiency scenario, deficit irrigation scenario, water harvesting scenario, and treatment plant scenario. The unmet demand was 638.2 million m³ in 2010, it decreased to 526 million m³ by the year 2050 with expand of winter crops. The unmet demand is dropped gradually with an application of previous scenarios to reach 249.4 million m³ with the application of treatment plants scenario with a water use efficiency of 0.74 kg / m³.

Keywords: Orontes basin, water resources, water deficit, scenario,  WEAP, MABIA.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Suliman Younes * ⁽¹⁾, Leila Habib ⁽²⁾  and  Ghiath Alloush⁽²⁾

(1). General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Lattakia, Syria.

(2). Department of Soil and Water Sciences- Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Eng Suliman Younes.. E-Mail: sulimanyounes89@gmail.com).

Received: 30/09/2021         Accepted: 12/03/2022

Abstract: 

The objective of this research was to study the adsorption and kinetics of ammonium ion on Syrian Zeolite Ore (SZO). This is a preliminary study for the use of zeolite in reducing nitrogen loss during composting of poultry manure. The study was conducted using gradient concentrations of ammonium chloride solution. Langmuir and Freundlich models applied. Both models predicted the adsorption process with coefficient correlation values R² ≥ ​​ 0.968. Kinetics adsorption studied using pseudo first order and Intra particle diffusion models. Models constants indicated that they could predict kinetics adsorption of ammonium, while models parameters indicated participation of more than one sorption mechanisms. The adsorbed ammonium on zeolite desorbed through successive extraction with 0.002 M of calcium or potassium chloride solutions in presence and absence of soil.  65 % of the absorbed ammonium was desorbed when using calcium chloride, whereas 94% of the absorbed ammonium was released within 168 hours using potassium chloride solution.

Key words: Syrian Zeolite Ore, Ammonium, adsorption, Kinetics.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Sawsan Haifa⁽¹⁾ , Aziz Assad⁽¹⁾ and Rafah Fares^*(1)

(1). Department of Soil and Water, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Rafah Mahmoud fares. E-Mail:faresrafah@yahoo.com)

Received: 25/11/2021         Accepted: 27/03/202

Abstract: 

The increasing growth of population and the scarcity of water sources available for human use, as well as the mismanagement of the available water resources have caused a great water deficit in Syria. This largely applies to the coastal area which suffers from a shortage of water resources, especially in summer. The Northern Great River is considered one of the most important water sources in Latakia, which has been exposed to many pollutants because of human activities within the basin of this river. Heavy elements are considered one of the most important dangers that this river has been exposed to, due to its seriousness to the vital community of this river, which extends to man through food chains. Six major sampling sites have therefore been identified in the lower part of the river in period 22/12/2019 to July,2022 in order to identify temporal and spatial changes in the composition of some heavy elements within the river water. Both pH and EC were measured in addition to three elements and cadmium. The results showed that copper was within the natural limits set by the World Health Organization. Both lead and cadmium have seriously exceeded the universally permitted limits. Statistical analysis of the correlation between the changes in the concentrations of the elements studied within the same location also showed that there was no moral correlation, which confirms the existence of various and different sources of these heavy elements in the river water.

Keyword: Alkabeer Alshamali River, heavy elements, Water pollution, phosphate fertilizers, sewage.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Yousef Khalaph ⁽¹⁾ , Khaldon Dormish ⁽¹⁾, Hossam Bahlawan ^(1)* and Wafaa Issa⁽²⁾

(1). Department of Soil and Land Reclamation, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Aleppo University.

(2). Department of Mathematical Statistics, Faculty of Science, Aleppo University.

(*Corresponding author: Hossam Bahlawan, E-mail : aaobahlawan@gmail.com).

Received: 7/09/2021           Accepted: 19/03/2022

Abstract: 

A column experiment was carried out under the conditions of the laboratory of colloids and clay minerals at the Faculty of Agricultural Engineering at the University of Aleppo. The aim of study is know the effect caused by the magnetization of irrigation water on the physicochemical properties of soils irrigated with water of different salinity. The experiment was carried out on selected gypsiferous soils from the village of Musharafa Al-Zakiya located in the Maskana project (Aleppo governorate). And it was irrigated with three types of water of different salinity (Euphrates River water -Rasm Al-Hamis village – Musharafa Al-Zakiya village). Irrigation technology was applied With magnetized water (M) and water without magnetization (NM), a leaching factor of 15% was used with water added to the columns, and the irrigation process was repeated ten times. The results indicated that the use of the water of Rasm Al-Hamis well and the well of Mishrifa, the magnetic purity, contributed to the washing of salts by 20% and 16% for the surface and subsurface layers, respectively, compared to similar treatments irrigated with normal water, and the results of the statistical analysis indicated that the decrease in the concentration of salts in the washed columns The magnetized water was significant. As for the magnetized water of the Euphrates, it contributed to the washing of salts from the surface layer within the soil columns by about 5.5%, compared with the treatment irrigated with non-magnetized Euphrates river water, and the decrease in the concentration of salts was not significant. The data indicated in general to the significant role of the washing coefficient applied in this study in the disposal of salts, in particular soda salts, as the data showed that the magnetization of water added to the studied soil columns contributed clearly in reducing the values ​​of the adsorbed sodium ratio (SAR) and the ratio of exchangeable sodium (ESP) compared to the non-magnetized irrigation water. The magnetization of water also contributed to improving the porosity of soil irrigated with magnetized water, compared to treatments irrigated with ordinary water.

Keyword: Magnetized Water, Gypsiferous Soils, Saline Agriculture, gauss.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Jenan   Othman^(1)*,  Mohammad Imad Khrieba⁽²⁾, Shorouq Barbahan⁽¹⁾

(1). Horticulture Department,Faculty Of Agriculture,Tishreen University, Lattakia,Syria.

(2). General Authority For Biotechnology, Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Jenan    Othma , E-mail : jenan.othman@gmail.com).

Received:29/11/2022                   Accepted: 23/03/2022

Abstract: 

The research was carried out in the gardens nursery of Tishreen university in the spring of the agricultural season (2020),within net plastic bags, and used in the research, sandy clay virgin soil ,to study the effect of treating potato plants with bio-fertilizer(Trichoderma harzianum) on the growth and productivity of the potato crop (Spunta variety),where the design of randomized complete sectors was adopted in the implementation of the research, the research included studying the effect of treating potato plants with biofertilizer(Trichoderma harzianum) alone or with the addition of (25%,50%)of the recommended amount of fertilizer for potato plants and comparing it with the control  without mineral fertilization and treatment of farms, the results showed that treating plants with biofertilizer(Trichoderma harzianum) alone contributed to a significant increase in the area of the leaf surface of plants, the number of leaves, the height of the plants,and the average weight of the tuber,and the production of the plant compared to not adding it ,and that adding 25% and 50% of the recommended amount of mineral fertilizers contributed to a significant increase in all the studied traits compared with the control,and the treatment of the farmer was significantly superior to all treatments,thus,the importance of the bio-fertilizer (Trichoderma harzianum) is manifested in reducing the amount of mineral fertilizers used(25%,50%),which is attributed to the increase in the production of potato plants.

KeyWords:Potato,Bio-enriched (Trichoderma harzianum), morphological traits , productivity.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf