Abdl nasser omer⁽¹⁾ and Yacine Almohsen^{(2) *}

(1). Hama Research centre, Hama, Syria.

(2). Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Hamam, Syria.

(*Corresponding Author: Dr. Yacine Almohsen. Email: yaseen.m@hama-univ.edu.sy) 

Received:  17/03/2022                  Accepted: 26/07/2022

Abstract: 

The Study was conducted on 18 Shami goat female heads in the period of late pregnancy at Hama Centre for Agriculture Scientific research during 2021. The study population was divided after birth according to birth model (single, binary, or triple) into 3 groups ( First group is single, second group is binary, and third group is triple ). All population was subjected to the same breeding and feeding pattern that provide all requirement with the addition of dry Sugar beet. Total number of twins and values of BCS were recorded before and 2 weeks after birth. Blood samples were collected before and 2 weeks after birth and immediately after it ,and tested directly after that to determine glucose and total protein, albumin, cholesterol, tri-fat, and butyrate’s of butyric acid (BHB) in plasma at laboratories of faculty of vet –medicine of Hama University. The Concentrations were compared in all stages. The relationship between the birth model and biochemical parameters, and BCS values before and 2 weeks after birth was studied. The proportion of single births was 9%, twins 76%, and triplets18%. The glucose Concentration did not show any significant difference in all groups and the inverse correlation was weak before and after 2 weeks of birth for the twin type, and directly proportional and weak immediately after birth. BHB concentration increased significantly (p≤0.05) in the second and third group immediately after birth and 2 weeks after birth, the correlation was inverse and weak two weeks before birth, and directly proportional and weak immediately after birth and 2 weeks after it. Cholesterol concentration increased significantly in second and third groups immediately after birth and 2 weeks after birth, and its correlation was positive and weak for twin number before 2 weeks of prenatal stage and after it (p≤0.01) A weak direct correlation to its concentration 2 weeks before birth and immediately after birth, and weak inverse correlation 2 weeks after birth.  While total protein increased significantly in third group immediately after birth (p≤0.05) and 2 weeks after birth for all groups (p≤0.01). Weak proportional correlation of protein concentration 2 weeks before birth and immediately after it, and weak inverse 2 weeks after birth. In addition, concentration decreased immediately after birth (p≤0.01), and 2 weeks after birth (p≤0.05), and in third group immediately after birth and 2 weeks after it (p≤0.05). Whereas Albumins concentration significantly decreased (p≤0.001) immediately after birth, and 2 weeks after birth in second and third group (p≤0.05), and it was recorded a weak proportional correlation immediately after birth. Weak inverse correlation before birth and 2 weeks after it. tri-fat concentration decreased in both second and third group immediately after birth (p≤0.01) and 2 weeks after it. Correlation was weak inverse .the value of BCS decreased significantly (p≤0.05) for all studied groups in pre- birth stage, and 2 weeks after it with a week inverse correlation for birth model in pre-birth stage and 2 weeks after it. To conclude that the number of twins had significant impact on each of BCS values and glucose, total protein, Albumins, BHB, and tri-fat concentration in perinatal period, this requires providing feeding and health care, and benefitting from the assessment of studied indicators as a guide to the health and feeding conditions of Female Shami goats in the late pregnancy stage. 

Keyword: Pregnancy toxemia, Body Condition Score (BCS), Twins, Shami goats.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Raeda Salah ^{(1) *},  Mohamad Hassan⁽¹⁾, Ali Sultaneh⁽²⁾, Ghiass Abbas⁽³⁾

(1). Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(2). Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(3). Department of Food technology, Faculty of technical Engineering, Tartous university, Tartous-Syria.

(*Corresponding author: En. Raeda H. Salah. Email:Selenamah20614@gmail.com)

Received:  28/04/2022                  Accepted: 19/07/2022

Abstract: 

The study focused on the current research on determining the concentrations of some heavy metal elements (Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn) in the fleshy tissue of Mugil cephalus fish species, on the Syrian coast of Tartous Governorate, as fish samples were collected for two whole years from March 2019 to February  2021, and from three areas on the shore of Banias city: the estuary area of ​​the Jobar River, the estuary area of ​​the Baniyas River, and Al-Basiya Beach. Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) technology was used by wet digestion method (Wet-Digestion-Method) for fish samples, where the concentrations of the two elements (Zn, Cu) were detected using flame-AAS technology, while the trace elements (Cd and Pb) were detected by electrothermal ablation technology (ETA-AAS) because its concentrations are below the detection threshold by the flame method. The results of the study showed a higher concentration of heavy metals in the muscles of  Mugil cephalus in the estuary area of ​​the Jobar River than in the other two sites, followed by the Banias River estuary area, and then the Basiya area, where the average rates of the concentrations of these elements in all studied sites during the study period ranged between (8.803-13.095 µg/g wet weight) for zinc with the highest concentration, followed by copper with average concentrations ranging between (0.587-0.814 µg/g wet weight), then lead (0.020-0.028 µg/g wet weight), while lead was (0.020-0.028 µg/g wet weight).  Cadmium has the lowest concentration (0.025-0.014 µg/g wet weight), but all of these concentrations were within the limits permitted by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the World, and therefore they do not pose a threat to human health as the final consumer.

Key words: Metallic elements, Syrian marine waters, Mugil cephalus, bioaccumulation .

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Bilal Natiq Abdul-Wahhab⁽¹⁾, Basim Aboud Abbas^{( 2)*} and Ammar Talib Dhiab Al-Tememy⁽²⁾

(1). General Company for Agricultural Supplies, Ministry of Agriculture, Iraq.

(2). Department of Animal Production, College of Agriculture, University of Diyala, Iraq.

 (*Corresponding author: Dr. Basim Aboud Abbas, bsmmuhandis@yahoo.com)

Received: 18/08/2022                      Accepted: 16/01/2023

Abstract: 

The experiment aims to monitor changes in the environmental conditions inside the poultry house, a comparison between the times, the locations inside of the hall. Use 405 broiler chicken Rose-308. The results showed a significant effect among the measurement time, day and night, as it gave the highest temperature and lowest relative humidity during the day in comparison with the night, however no significant effect was recorded on dew point and carbon dioxide. The locations of the hall, the front of the hall outperformed in comparison with the middle and the end of the hall with in terms of the lowest temperature, highest relative humidity, dew point and lowest carbon dioxide level. The temperature during the day was higher than it was at night, and the relative humidity was the highest at the front of the hall at night and the lowest at the end of the hall during the day, and the dew point was the highest at the front of the hall during the day and the lowest at the end of the hall at night. As for carbon dioxide, it was not significantly affected by the interaction between the measurement time and location. Where the highest temperature was recorded at 28.44° C with time during the day and the location at the end of the hall, and the lowest relative humidity was 49.184% during the day in the center of the hall, with the dew point and carbon dioxide not being affected significantly. The evening hall’s starting locations outperformed with the lowest temperature of 26.169 °C, the highest relative humidity of 50.57%, and the dew point of 25.34 °C, while no significant effect was recorded for the site and time together on the level of carbon dioxide. There was no effect of the site on the live body weight, while it was found that there was a significant effect of the site in the fifth week in the average weekly weight gain, the first week of the feed intake and feed conversion ratio, as well as a significant effect of the site in the mortility ratio.                                                                             Keywords:  broiler, poultry houses, poultry environment, environmental factors, dew point.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Yanal Al-Kuddsi^(1)*, Shahinaz Abbas⁽¹⁾, Alaa Al-Shaal⁽¹⁾, Rihab Al-Mousa⁽¹⁾, Tony Saloom⁽¹⁾, Khouzama Kountar⁽¹⁾ and Nabila Ali Basha⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Biotechnology, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Damascus, Syria.

(* Corresponding author: Yanal Al-Kuddsi. E-mail: y.alkuddsi@gmail.com)

Received: 21/06/2021             Accepted:13/08/2022

Abstract: 

A Collection of 11 Syrian barley varieties (Fourat1, Fourat2, Fourat3, Fourat4, Fourat5, Fourat6, Fourat7, Fourat9, Arabi Abiad, Arabi Aswad, Arabi Abiad Mouhassan) were studied during the period of 2019-2021, and the genetic diversity among them was determined using ISSR technique. 12 primers were used, all of which gave amplification products in PCR polymerase chain reaction. These primers proved their discriminative power and gave a total of (120) bands with an average of (10) bands/ primer, of which 90 bands were polymorphic, and the PIC values ranged between (0.08 – 0.32) with an overall average of (0.25). Results showed that there is a significant genetic diversity among the studied varieties, as the UPGMA (unweighted pair group method with arithmetical averages) clustering based on ISSR data grouped the 11 varieties into two main clusters, and the highest degree of genetic diversity was between Fourat1 and Fourat6.

Key words: ISSR (Inter Simple Sequences Repeat), Genetic diversity, Syrian barely varieties.

Full paper in English: pdf

ISSR Markers

Rehab Al-Mousa* ⁽¹⁾, Alaa Alshaal ⁽¹⁾, Shahinaz Abbas ⁽¹⁾, Nabila Ali Bacha ⁽¹⁾, Yanal Al-Kudssi ⁽¹⁾, Khozama Kountar ⁽¹⁾ and Tony Saloom⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Biotechnology, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr.Rehab Al-Mousa, e-mail: bebo_moussa@yahoo.com, )

Received: 27/02/2022         Accepted: 26/07/2022

Abstract: 

The present research was conducted to detect the genetic relationship among twelve lentil lines introduced from ICARDA and two local varieties. Eighteen Inter Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR) primers successfully amplified 167 bands in all genotypes with the average of 9.27 bands/primer. The mean value of polymorphism percentage was 78.7%. Primers NLSSR3 and 830 presented 100% polymorphism percentage. The highest number of amplification bands (124) was noticed in genotype (Ln12), while the lowest number of amplification bands (87) was noticed in genotype (Idleb5). Thirty one unique bands were obtained, out of them 9 were considered as present bands (positive) and 22 were considered as absent bands (negative). The highest number of unique bands (5) were registered in genotype (Idleb3), while genotypes (Ln9 and Ln12) did not present any unique band. The genetic distance ranged from 0.21 to 0.48.  ISSR cluster analysis grouped the genotypes into two main clusters; the first one included local varieties (Idleb3 and Idleb5), while the second cluster included the remaining lines. Some genotypes showed wide divergence (Idleb5, Ln1 and Ln6), whereas genotypes (Ln11 and Ln 12) were close related.

Keywords: Lentil, ICARDA lines, local varieties, genetic relationship, ISSR analysis.

Full paper in English: pdf

Hanaa Suliman*⁽¹⁾, Riad Zidan⁽²⁾, and Hassan Khojah

(1). Directorate of Agriculture and Agrarian Reform, Ministry of Agriculture, Lattakia, Syria.

(2). Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria

(*Corresponding author: Hanaa Suliman. E-Mail: hanaa995995@gmail.com)

Received: 29/01/2022         Accepted: 21/06/2022

Abstract: 

The research was carried out in Tishreen University nursery during 2019-2020 seasons, to evaluate and characterize 12 types of garlic, Allium sativum L. planted in the coastal area of Syria. Results indicated significant differences between the cultivars in all of studied traits. The Bamreen cultivar was significantly superior in terms of the plant productivity (2.93 kg/m2)with dry leaves and (2.19 kg/m2)without dry leaves , plant height (83.94 cm), head diameter (4.77 cm), and number of lobes per head (28.5) traits. The Slenfeh cultivar significantly outperformed all other treatment in leaf width (3.14 cm), head average weight (43.83 g), and leaves number per plant (11 leaves), while the two types foregoing superior in head diameter(4.77, 4.75 cm) in the order.

Keywords: Local Garlic, Cultivar, Characterization, Evaluation. 

Full paper in Arabic: pdf 

Nada Othman*⁽¹⁾, Hitham Ismail ⁽¹⁾ and  Faysal Doway ⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Nada Othman. E-mail: nadaothman877@gmail.com )

Received: 9/06∕ 2022                      Accepted: 9∕ 08∕ 2022

Abstract: 

The experiment was carried out in germination lab college of Agricultural Engineering, Tishreen University to study the germination of stones and seeds of wild hawthorn trees from AL-Mzeraa area. Ripe fruits were collected in both season 2020-2021. The seeds were planted in Petri dishes contain cotton and gauze, in dark in temperature (8, 13, 25) Cº. The results showed the highest germination of seeds at temperature of 8cº with a germination rate of 27%. With no significant differences between it and temperature of 25cº, which gave a germination rate of 23%, but it took a shorter time to reach this percentage, so the best treatment is at a temperature of 25cº. When studying the effect of the seed coats on germination, it was found that the stones didn’t germinate at different temperatures, until the end of the experiments, while the seeds gave the following germination rates (27, 10 ,23) % when planted at different temperatures (8, 13, 25) c° respectively. As for the effect of lighting, it was found that there were no significant differences in the average number of germinated seeds for each of the light and dark treatments for the germination of hawthorn seeds when placed at a temperature of 20c°, and the germination rates in both treatments reached 26%.

Keyword: Hawthorn, Seeds germination, Stones, Light.

Full paper in Arabic:  pdf

Maher Hasan⁽¹⁾ and Rima Massa ^(2)*

(1). Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Damascus, Syria.

(2). Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tishreen, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Rima Massa. E-Mail: rima.massa@yahoo.com).

Received:  27/03/2022        Accepted: 19/07/2022   

Abstract: 

 This research was carried out in the laboratory of Soilless- the Faculty of Agriculture (Damascus/Syria) during the year 2020-2021. It aimed to study the effect of some plant extracts and foliar spraying with Zink on the propagation of semi-woody cuttings of Citrus aurantiifolia. Lemon cuttings were cultured using two variables: the first variable was five treatments: the control, cinnamon extract 3 g/l, licorice extract 3 g/l, yeast extract 3 g/l, IBA 2500 ppm; the second variable is two levels: without foliar spraying, and foliar spraying with zinc 250 ppm, in 6-liter plastic tubs filled with a mixture of peat moss and perlite (3:1). The study used a randomized complete block design. Result showed that plant extracts improve the ability of rooting in lemon’s semi-woody cuttings significantly compared to the control (rooting percentage, number and length of roots, number and length of shoots, number of leaves). The cinnamon extract recorded similar results to hormone’s treatment in all studied parameters. The recorded values ​​of rooting percentages were 84.74, 75.52, 58.70, 93.82% for the treatments (cinnamon, licorice, yeast, IBA) respectively compared to the control 33.98%.  The result of root’s number were converged in the treatment of licorice extract and the hormone 6.80, 7.24 root/cutting respectively, and significantly, superior compared to the control 2.58 root/cutting. The increase of shoot’s length was 64.16, 50.87, 26.88, 70.23% for the treatments (cinnamon, licorice, yeast, IBA) respectively, compared to the control 3.46 cm. Foliar spraying with zinc did not have a significant effect on the root parameters, but it improved all recorded values ​​.The interaction between two variables (IBA * Foliar spraying with zinc) was significantly increased all studied parameters; the rooting percentage was reached to 95.76%.   

Key words: Citrus aurantiifolia, rooting, Zink, plant extracts, semi-woody cuttings.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Nasr sleman⁽¹⁾, Jenan Othman ^{(1) *} and Hadeel Alshandi ⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tishreen, Latika, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Jenan Othman. E-Mail: jenan.othman@gmail.com).

Received:  22/03/2022        Accepted: 18/08/2022

Abstract: 

The research was carried out in Raas shamra in the spring of the agricultural season (2020). The research included studying the effect of treating potato plants with Mannitol in different concentration (15 – 30 – 45) mM on some morphology and productivity of the Potato crop (Sponta variety). The results showed a positive effect of spraying Mannitol on area of leaves, its index and plant production, The concentration 45 Mm was gave the highest value for area of leaves and its index while the concentration 15 Mm gave the highest value for the average tuber weight, while treatment 30 Mm  was the highest in the number of tubers, productivity of plant.

Key words: Potato, Ascorbic, the growth, productivity.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Mohammed Dosh Aldaemes^(1)*

(1). Food Technology Division, Hama Center, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Mohammed Aldaemes. E-Mail: dr.aldaemes@yahoo.com).

Received:  23/05/2022        Accepted: 5/09/2022

Abstract: 

The aim of the research was to study and evaluate the effect of adding cheese whey (CW) to replace the dough water with replacement rates of 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%, on the rheological and technological properties of hard Syrian wheat flour with extraction rates of 72% (zero flour), 80% (supply flour), 100% (whole flour), samples of Syrian hard wheat flour were collected from grain purchase centers in Hama City affiliated to the General Establishment for Trade, Processing and Storage of Grain Season 2021. The grains were sifted to get rid of impurities and defecates, then the infected grains were excluded. The grains were moistened to a degree of 16.5%, the amount of added water was calculated, the conditioned grains were ground to produce flour with extraction rates of 100%, 80% and 72%. Sweet cheese whey was obtained from sheep’s milk from a special center for the manufacture of cheese and milk in Hama Governorate. The results showed that replacing water by cheese whey with the levels of %25,%50,%75,and% 100 caused a significant increase (P<0.01) on dough mixing properties (Farinograph) and increase in the amount of water absorption, dough stability, dough development time and, dough rolling time, on extraction rates of 100%, 80% and 72%,comparison with control samples for each extraction ratio. The results showed increase values of dough energy and elastic dough and decrease of values resistant dough four substitution levels %25,%50,%75,% 100, caused A significant differences (P<0.01) on dough mixing properties (Extensograph) on extraction rates of 100%, 80% and 72%, comparison with control samples for each extraction ratio. the research indicates to take advantage of the expansion of experiments in the use of cheese whey of in expensive alternative to additive, texture improve and supportive materials used in the bakery industry.

Key words: Cheese Whey, Whole Wheat Flour, Rheological and Technology Properties of Flour.

Full paper in Arabic:  pdf