Soulaiman issa *⁽¹⁾, Roula jacoub⁽²⁾  and Ali zayak⁽³⁾

(1). Barsheen research station, GCSAR, Hamah, Syria.

(2). Field crops section, Faculty of agriculture, Damascus university, Syria.

(3). Medicinal and aromatic plants section, GCSAR, Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding Author: Soulaiman issa, E- Mail:  soulaimanissa4@gmail.com).

Received: 3/02/2022            Accepted: 14/06/2022

Abstract: 

  The experimental was carried out in (2021) in Barsheen research station (Hamah) to identify the influence of water and alcoholic extracts and essential oil of three species of thyme ( T.vulgaris, O,syriacum, T.syriacus) on apple fruits (golden delicious)  that stored in a vegetable refrigerator on heat (+1,-1 Cْ) by use three concentrations of each extracts for the three species with three replication: 1- Water extract (125, 250, 500) ppm -2- alcoholic extract (75%) (125, 250, 500) ppm -3- Essential oil (0.5%, 1%, 1.5%). The experimental was putted in FRCBD design, and the statically analysis showed that there was significant differences between the studied treatments, and the treatment of T.v oil (1.5%) was the least of infection percentage (3.5%) and the highest percent control (73.3%) comparing with the control treatment (only water). Then alcohlic extract of T.v (500 ppm) with infection percentage (3.9%) and percent control (70.6%). While between the species T.v plant achieved the least infection percentage on average (3.9%)  and percent control avg (70.6%), after it O.s (11.5%) with percent control avg (14.3%). also the treatment Oil (1.5%) was the best with infection percentage avg (4.9%) and percent control avg (62.9%), then the alcoholic extraction (500 ppm) with infection percentage avg (5.03%) and percent control avg (61.9%) without significant variant between them. That’s certificate the biotic activity of different thyme extracts and the ability to reduce the fungi infections in the fruits refrigerators.

Keywords: Infection Percentage,  Water And Alcoholic Extracts,  Essential Oil,    Thyme.

Full paper in Arabic:  pdf

Seham Wannous^{* (1)}, Shaza Mayhoub ⁽¹⁾, Ali Dayyoub ⁽¹⁾, Itaf blal-Nada Yousef ⁽¹⁾, and Nisreen Moustafa ⁽¹⁾

(1). AL-Jmmaseh Research Station, Scientific Agricultural Researches Center of Tartous, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Tartous, Syria.

 (*Corresponding author:SehamWannous. E-Mail: sehamwannous8@ gmail.com).

Received: 13/08/2021          Accepted: 3/07/2022

Abstract: 

During 2019-2020 an experiment was carried out at Al-Jmmaseh Station, Agricultural Research Center in Tartous, Syria, to evaluate four inbred lines of cherry tomato under the covered planting conditions on the Syrian coast in terms of their phonological phases, morphological fruit characters, yield and some of its components in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Analysis of variance shows significant differences between the means for all lines squares studied characters. Among different linesAs2 was the earliest in flowering which needed (30.83) days from planting for 50 percent of its plants to flower by forming (6.31) leaves under the first flowerecent, it also recorded the maximum numbers of flowers and fruits per fluorescent (17.95-16.3respectively). The highest average fruit weight (49.62 g) was observed in line Sa, the maximum fruit height was observed in line MS (4.94cm), while line M registered a maximum fruit diameter (4.41cm), the thickest fruit wall (4.94mm) and the highest fruit yield per plant (1.865k g). These results show the capacity of using the evaluated lines in breeding programs to produce hybrids based on the variances of their studies’ characters.

Key Words: Covered Planting, Cherry Tomato, Inbred Lines,  Morphological Characters- Yield

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Ramy Mahmoud ^(1)*, Mahmoud Alio ⁽¹⁾ and Georges Makhoul ⁽²⁾

 (1). Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Tishreen University, Syria.

(2). Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Tishreen University, Syria.

(*Corresponding Author: Ramy Mahmoud, Email: ramymah92@gmail.com )

Received: 9/04/2022             Accepted: 6/06/2022

Abstract: 

This research aims to determine environmental and geographical characteristics that affect Citrus farms productivity in latakia governate. The research has been conducted using on-site form for the season (2020-2021) distributed to a random sample of farmers with a number of 380. The research depended on the descriptive and analytical method and was completed by cluster analysis which enabled of dividing the sample to four specific groups and internally homogeneous based on the studied factors (Aleyrodidae – phyllocnistis citrella – Citrus Mal secco – citrus scab – Mites – Aonidiella aurantii – salinity – lime – slope – moisture – frost – altitude and distance from sea level). Where altitude and distance from sea level were adopted as basic criteria to determine geographical locations. In the next step, variance analysis conducted to compare the average productivity of each item in these four groups in order to choose the best group. The results reveal that the first group was the best for  varieties Navel orange، Java orange and Blood orange while the second group was the best for varieties Navel orange، Blood orange ، valencia، Clementine ،Satsuma and the pummelo and the third group was the best for varieties Valencia ، Clementine، Mandarin، Meyerlemon and Grapefruit as for the last group was the best for . Meyerlemon  and limes balady.

Key words: Citrus, Cluster Analysis, Geographical Locations, Average Productivity

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Soulaiman issa *⁽¹⁾, Roula jacoub⁽²⁾ and Ali zayak⁽³⁾

(1). Barsheen research station, GCSAR, Hamah, Syria.

(2). Field crops section, Faculty of agriculture, Damascus university, Syria.

(3). Medicinal and aromatic plants section, GCSAR, Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding Autor: Soulaiman issa, E-Mail:  soulaimanissa4@gmail.com).

Received: 13/02/2022         Accepted: 20/06/2022

Abstract: 

This experiment was carried out during (2019-2020), at Zahid (western) Research Station (Tratus), General commission for Scientific Agricultural research to study the effect of  harvesting  dates of Al Khalili  Thyme (Origanum syriacum L.) which are at ( vegetative stage, flowering, fruit formation, full maturity ) stages on the biomass and essential oil percentage. The statistical analysis results showed out that there was a significant  variation  between the studied collecting times (harvesting dates). and the (fruit formation) stage was the best significantly for the biomass trait (725 Kg.h^-1) then the (Maturity) stage  (570.8 Kg.h^-1) . while the (green grow) stage was the best significantly for the oil percentage trait (4.1%), then the (flowering) stage (3.73%) . so that it is clear, form this studying, the importance of harvesting date on the economic yield of  AL khalili thyme.

Keywords: AL khalili thyme, harvesting date, Biomass, Oil percentage.

Full paper in Arabic:  pdf

Abdul Rahman Al-Khani * ⁽¹⁾, Mahmoud Baghdadi⁽¹⁾, Sattam Al-Khalil⁽²⁾

(1).Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Aleppo, Hama, Syria.

(2).Department of Forestry & Ecology, Hama Agriculture Directorate, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Abdul Rahman Al-Khani. E-Mail: Tiger.akh@gmail.com).

Received: 3/01/2022           Accepted: 20/06/2022

Abstract: 

The research was conducted in Taizin agricultural nursery to determine the effect of soaking with dry yeast extract, marine algae and ajwa of date palm fruits on the hardwood bases of hazelnuts cuttings under mist irrigation conditions; During the 2021 season. The cuttings were treated by soaking in each of the extracts dry yeast(10 and 20g/l), marine algae and date palm fruits at two concentrations of each (5 and 10ml/l). In addition to treatment with the IBA at a concentration of 3000ppm and its use as a witness for comparison. The results showed the superiority of yeast drenched in two concentrations (10 and 20g/l) and marine algae drenched at and ajwa of date palm fruits (10mL/L) over the rest of the treatments and the control in rooted cuttings, The yeast soaked 20g/l was significantly superior to the rest of the treatments and the control in (root length, wet and dry weight of roots, the length of the seedling, the area of the leaf surface, the content of leaves from chlorophyll a, b and total, and the wet and dry weight for seedling), It outperformed the control and yeast 10g/l, marine algae and ajwa of date palm fruits 5ml/l in (the number of roots and number of leaves), and over the control and yeast 10g/l and marine algae with two concentrations (5 and 10ml/l) and ajwa of date palm fruits 5ml/l in the number of branches. The marine algae infusion at a concentration of 10 ml/l was superior to the control, yeast 10g/l, marine algae and dates 5ml/l in (root length, root wet weight, planting length, number of branches, planting wet weight), while the date treatment gave a concentration of 10ml/l the superiority of the control and yeast 10g/l, marine algae and dates 5ml/l in (root length, wet and dry weight of roots, length of planter, number of branches, wet and dry weight of planting, total chlorophyll content of leaves).

Keywords: Hazelnut, Hardwood Cuttings, Dry Yeast, , Marine algae, Ajwa of date palm fruits, Indole Butyric.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Ruba Al qasem^*(1), Talal Razzouk ⁽¹⁾ and Khetam Idris ⁽²⁾     

(1). Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Baath University, Homs, Syria.

(2). Homs Research Center, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Eng. Ruba Alqasem. E-Mail: roubaalqasem@gmail.com).

Received: 20/05/ 2022          Accepted: 13/06/2022

Abstract: 

The aim of this research is to determine the level of knowledge of the farmers of the rainfed vineyard about the practices of organic farming, and to study the impact of social and economic factors on the knowledge level of farmers. In achieving its objectives, it relied on the primary data collected through the personal interview of 361 farmers of the vineyard in Homs governorate for the year 2020, and that Using a form prepared for this purpose, the descriptive method was relied on to analyze the data. The simple correlation coefficient (Pearson), the Spearman-Brown correlation coefficient, the Point Passerial coefficient and the ETA coefficient were used to study the correlation and ordinal regression to determine the most important variables affecting the level of farmers’ knowledge of some organic farming practices after That a measure of the level of knowledge was prepared, the results showed that about (44%) of the farmers of the research sample have limited knowledge, while about (53.7%) their level of knowledge is medium, and the remaining percentage, which is about (2.2%) only have good knowledge. The results showed a relationship There is a positive morale between educational level, holding size and income, and between knowledge level, and negative with age. The research recommended strengthening the role of agricultural extension in educating and raising awareness of grape farmers. and transfer of agricultural knowledge to them by preparing a scientific and practical plan according to the knowledge levels of the farmers.

Keywords: Vine growers, organic farming, cognitive level, ordinal regression.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Kadthim H. Abdul Sayed ^(1)*, Alaa G. Al-Hashimi⁽¹⁾and Kareema M. Ziadan⁽²⁾

(1). Department of Food Science,College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq.

(2). Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq.

   (*Corresponding author: Kadthim Sayed. Email: kadem.hassan22@gmail.com)

Received: 20/12/2022                              Accepted: 11/02/2023

Abstract: 

This study was conducted in the laboratories of the Department of Food Sciences, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah to study the effect of anthocyanin extract from mulberry fruits (Morus rubra L.) on the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of edible biofilms based on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) or carboxymethyl cellulose nanoparticles (NCMC) and the effect of film coating on the properties of cryopreserved beef slices. The results showed that the cumulative distribution of the dimensions of NCMC particles was (40-300) nm, It was observed that the effectiveness of the antioxidant and antimicrobial films increased with increasing the concentration of the extract, and the NCMC3M film recorded the highest antioxidant activity of 40.43% and the highest inhibition diameter of 20.43 mm against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria, and the active nanoparticles film was less permeable to light compared to other cellulose films and the highest degree of opacity reaching 2.363. Beef slices coated with NCMC3M films recorded the lowest values for pH, Thiobarbituric acid values (TBA) and peroxide number (PV), they were 6.15, 1.95 mg malonaldehyde kg-1 meat and 4.60 equivalent O2/kg oil, respectively, and it can be concluded that NCMC3M active film increase the shelf life of vacuum-preserved steaks D up to 12 days of storage.

Keywords: Film, Carboxymethyl Cellulose Nanoparticles, Anthocyanin, Antioxidant.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Mouzahem ALDahoul^(1)*     

(1). GCSAR, The Agricultural Scientific Research Center in Salamieh, Hama, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Mouzahem Mohammad ALDahoul, E-mail: m.dahool1975@gmail.com)

Received:  11/04/2021                   Accepted:9/05/2022

Abstract: 

The survey and classification of weeds species were carried out, as well as the calculation of the density, relative density, frequency, and relative frequency of each weeds species to know the composition of the weed cover and the importance of the prevalent species in some fields of lentil at Salamieh region, Hama, Syria during the 2017/2018 and 2018/2019 agricultural seasons. The results of the study showed that 12, 21 species of weeds were surveyed, which belong to 10, 19 genders distributed among 8, 14 families in the 2017/2018 and 2018/2019 agricultural seasons, respectively. The proportion of monocotyledon species was very small, as it recorded 8.33%, 9.52%, while those of dicotyledon were more abundant, recording 91.67%, 90.48%, and most of the weeds were annuals with a percentage of 100.00%, 85.71%, while the perennial weeds were present Few recorded 0.00%, 14.29%, in the two seasons, respectively. Most of the weeds found in lentil fields in the two growing seasons were followed by the Brassicaceae family, which included 3 and 5 species respectively, followed by the two families, Chenopodiaceae and Papaveraceae, with two species each respectively. The most dense and frequent species of weeds were volunteer barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) with a density of 9.67, 9.83 plants.m^-2 and white mustard (Sinapis alba L.) with a density of 5.67, 6.00 plants.m^-2, and their frequency was 100.00%, respectively.

Keywords: survey, weed, lentil, density, frequency, salamieh, Syria.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Issa Barakat*⁽¹⁾, Adib Saad ⁽²⁾ and Ibrahim Nisafi ⁽¹⁾

(1). Forestry and Environment Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Syria

(2). Basic Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Issa Barakat. E-Mail: issabarakat93@gmail.com).

Received:13/03/2022          Accepted: 19/04/2022

Abstract: 

The effects of seasonal differences on the chemical composition of the Marblid Spinefoot fish species Siganus rivulatus caught from the marine waters of Lattakia Governorate were investigated. moisture, crude protein, crude fat, and ash were determined as a percentage of the muscles of the caught fish. The results showed that the Spring season was the highest in terms of nutritional components (protein 19.18%, fat 4.06%, ash 1.82%), while the Winter season was the lowest (protein 18.24%, fat 2.3%) and autumn for ash (1.5%), As for the summer season, the values were (protein 18.87%, fat 3.23%, ash 1.92%). regarding the size factor, the results showed a significant positive relationship between size increase and an increase in protein and fat and a significant inverse relationship with both ash and moisture content.

Keywords: Siganus rivulatus, chemical composition, protein, fat, Mediterranean sea, Syrian coast.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Zahra Ibrahim El-Gali* ⁽¹⁾ and Marwan Hamed Eswehel⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Omer Al-Mukhtar University, El-Beida, Libya.  

 (*Corresponding author: Zahra Ibrahim El-Gali. E-Mail: Zahra.ibrahim@omu.edu.ly).

Received: 16/11/2022         Accepted: 11/01/2023

Abstract: 

This study was conducted to evaluate the efficiency gas fumigation from Vinegar5% and Ammonia powder for eradication the contamination fungi Aspergillus flavus, A. niger, Fusarium verticillioides and Penicillium albobivertcillius  in corn grains artificially infested with fungi to expose gas fumigated in desiccators for 30minutes, one hour and 24hour for control the contamination fungi, and the treatment efficiency was evaluated using WA 2% in Petri dishes, to determine an effective and easy-to-apply method that prevents or reduces contamination in grains intended for consumption. The results showed that all volatile compounds had significant effects on fungal control. The fungal incidence was decreased under the effect of Vinegar5%, whilst ammonia powder was effective in eliminating fungi as after 5-7 days of cultivating the kernels on the WA medium and incubating at a temperature of 25 ± 2°C, no fungal growth appeared, and fumigation for 24 hours was the most efficient in eradicating compared with 56,72,82 and 24 respectively in control treatment.

Keywords: Fumigation, Vinergar5%, Ammonia powder, Fungi, Corn grains.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf